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Uses PLY 4.0
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'zxbppparse', (0, 68810) | ||
'zxbparser', (69120, 707013) | ||
'asmparse', (776192, 250068) |
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'zxbppparse', (0, 68810) | ||
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'asmparse', (776192, 250068) |
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# PLY (Python Lex-Yacc) | ||
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Copyright (C) 2001-2020 | ||
David M. Beazley (Dabeaz LLC) | ||
All rights reserved. | ||
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | ||
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are | ||
met: | ||
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* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, | ||
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | ||
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, | ||
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation | ||
and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | ||
* Neither the name of the David Beazley or Dabeaz LLC may be used to | ||
endorse or promote products derived from this software without | ||
specific prior written permission. | ||
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS | ||
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT | ||
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR | ||
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT | ||
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, | ||
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT | ||
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, | ||
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY | ||
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT | ||
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE | ||
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. | ||
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Introduction | ||
============ | ||
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PLY is a 100% Python implementation of the common parsing tools lex | ||
and yacc. Here are a few highlights: | ||
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- PLY is very closely modeled after traditional lex/yacc. | ||
If you know how to use these tools in C, you will find PLY | ||
to be similar. | ||
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- PLY provides *very* extensive error reporting and diagnostic | ||
information to assist in parser construction. The original | ||
implementation was developed for instructional purposes. As | ||
a result, the system tries to identify the most common types | ||
of errors made by novice users. | ||
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- PLY provides full support for empty productions, error recovery, | ||
precedence specifiers, and moderately ambiguous grammars. | ||
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- Parsing is based on LR-parsing which is fast, memory efficient, | ||
better suited to large grammars, and which has a number of nice | ||
properties when dealing with syntax errors and other parsing problems. | ||
Currently, PLY builds its parsing tables using the LALR(1) | ||
algorithm used in yacc. | ||
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- PLY uses Python introspection features to build lexers and parsers. | ||
This greatly simplifies the task of parser construction since it reduces | ||
the number of files and eliminates the need to run a separate lex/yacc | ||
tool before running your program. | ||
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- PLY can be used to build parsers for "real" programming languages. | ||
Although it is not ultra-fast due to its Python implementation, | ||
PLY can be used to parse grammars consisting of several hundred | ||
rules (as might be found for a language like C). The lexer and LR | ||
parser are also reasonably efficient when parsing typically | ||
sized programs. People have used PLY to build parsers for | ||
C, C++, ADA, and other real programming languages. | ||
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How to Use | ||
========== | ||
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PLY consists of two files : lex.py and yacc.py. These are contained | ||
within the `ply` directory which may also be used as a Python package. | ||
To use PLY, simply copy the `ply` directory to your project and import | ||
lex and yacc from the associated `ply` package. For example: | ||
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```python | ||
from .ply import lex | ||
from .ply import yacc | ||
``` | ||
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Alternatively, you can copy just the files lex.py and yacc.py | ||
individually and use them as modules however you see fit. For example: | ||
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```python | ||
import lex | ||
import yacc | ||
``` | ||
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If you wish, you can use the install.py script to install PLY into | ||
virtual environment. | ||
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PLY has no third-party dependencies. | ||
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The docs/ directory contains complete documentation on how to use | ||
the system. Documentation available at https://ply.readthedocs.io | ||
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The example directory contains several different examples including a | ||
PLY specification for ANSI C as given in K&R 2nd Ed. | ||
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A simple example is found at the end of this document | ||
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Requirements | ||
============ | ||
PLY requires the use of Python 3.6 or greater. However, you should | ||
use the latest Python release if possible. It should work on just | ||
about any platform. | ||
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Note: PLY does not support execution under `python -OO`. It can be | ||
made to work in that mode, but you'll need to change the programming | ||
interface with a decorator. See the documentation for details. | ||
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Resources | ||
========= | ||
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Official Documentation is available at: | ||
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* https://ply.readthedocs.io | ||
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More information about PLY can be obtained on the PLY webpage at: | ||
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* http://www.dabeaz.com/ply | ||
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For a detailed overview of parsing theory, consult the excellent | ||
book "Compilers : Principles, Techniques, and Tools" by Aho, Sethi, and | ||
Ullman. The topics found in "Lex & Yacc" by Levine, Mason, and Brown | ||
may also be useful. | ||
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The GitHub page for PLY can be found at: | ||
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* https://github.com/dabeaz/ply | ||
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Acknowledgments | ||
=============== | ||
A special thanks is in order for all of the students in CS326 who | ||
suffered through about 25 different versions of these tools :-). | ||
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The CHANGES file acknowledges those who have contributed patches. | ||
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Elias Ioup did the first implementation of LALR(1) parsing in PLY-1.x. | ||
Andrew Waters and Markus Schoepflin were instrumental in reporting bugs | ||
and testing a revised LALR(1) implementation for PLY-2.0. | ||
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Example | ||
======= | ||
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Here is a simple example showing a PLY implementation of a calculator | ||
with variables. | ||
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```python | ||
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
# calc.py | ||
# | ||
# A simple calculator with variables. | ||
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
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tokens = ( | ||
'NAME','NUMBER', | ||
'PLUS','MINUS','TIMES','DIVIDE','EQUALS', | ||
'LPAREN','RPAREN', | ||
) | ||
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# Tokens | ||
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t_PLUS = r'\+' | ||
t_MINUS = r'-' | ||
t_TIMES = r'\*' | ||
t_DIVIDE = r'/' | ||
t_EQUALS = r'=' | ||
t_LPAREN = r'\(' | ||
t_RPAREN = r'\)' | ||
t_NAME = r'[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*' | ||
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def t_NUMBER(t): | ||
r'\d+' | ||
t.value = int(t.value) | ||
return t | ||
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# Ignored characters | ||
t_ignore = " \t" | ||
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def t_newline(t): | ||
r'\n+' | ||
t.lexer.lineno += t.value.count("\n") | ||
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def t_error(t): | ||
print(f"Illegal character {t.value[0]!r}") | ||
t.lexer.skip(1) | ||
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# Build the lexer | ||
import ply.lex as lex | ||
lex.lex() | ||
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# Precedence rules for the arithmetic operators | ||
precedence = ( | ||
('left','PLUS','MINUS'), | ||
('left','TIMES','DIVIDE'), | ||
('right','UMINUS'), | ||
) | ||
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# dictionary of names (for storing variables) | ||
names = { } | ||
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def p_statement_assign(p): | ||
'statement : NAME EQUALS expression' | ||
names[p[1]] = p[3] | ||
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def p_statement_expr(p): | ||
'statement : expression' | ||
print(p[1]) | ||
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def p_expression_binop(p): | ||
'''expression : expression PLUS expression | ||
| expression MINUS expression | ||
| expression TIMES expression | ||
| expression DIVIDE expression''' | ||
if p[2] == '+' : p[0] = p[1] + p[3] | ||
elif p[2] == '-': p[0] = p[1] - p[3] | ||
elif p[2] == '*': p[0] = p[1] * p[3] | ||
elif p[2] == '/': p[0] = p[1] / p[3] | ||
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def p_expression_uminus(p): | ||
'expression : MINUS expression %prec UMINUS' | ||
p[0] = -p[2] | ||
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def p_expression_group(p): | ||
'expression : LPAREN expression RPAREN' | ||
p[0] = p[2] | ||
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def p_expression_number(p): | ||
'expression : NUMBER' | ||
p[0] = p[1] | ||
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def p_expression_name(p): | ||
'expression : NAME' | ||
try: | ||
p[0] = names[p[1]] | ||
except LookupError: | ||
print(f"Undefined name {p[1]!r}") | ||
p[0] = 0 | ||
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def p_error(p): | ||
print(f"Syntax error at {p.value!r}") | ||
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import ply.yacc as yacc | ||
yacc.yacc() | ||
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while True: | ||
try: | ||
s = input('calc > ') | ||
except EOFError: | ||
break | ||
yacc.parse(s) | ||
``` | ||
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Bug Reports and Patches | ||
======================= | ||
My goal with PLY is to simply have a decent lex/yacc implementation | ||
for Python. As a general rule, I don't spend huge amounts of time | ||
working on it unless I receive very specific bug reports and/or | ||
patches to fix problems. At this time, PLY is mature software and new | ||
features are no longer being added. If you think you have found a | ||
bug, please visit the PLY Github page at https://github.com/dabeaz/ply | ||
to report an issue. | ||
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Take a Class! | ||
============= | ||
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If you'd like to learn more about compiler principles and have a go at | ||
implementing a compiler, come take a course. | ||
https://www.dabeaz.com/compiler.html. | ||
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-- Dave | ||
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# PLY package | ||
# Author: David Beazley (dave@dabeaz.com) | ||
# https://dabeaz.com/ply/index.html | ||
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__version__ = '4.0' | ||
__all__ = ['lex','yacc'] |
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