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Bibliography_of_Overviews_of_the_Haitian_Revolution.html
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style">Bibliography of Overviews of the Haitian Revolution</p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_1">These descriptive bibliographies are added to on a rotating basis, and are not necessarily in alphabetical order. </p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2"><span class="style">Ros, Martin, and Karin H. Ford. Night of Fire: the Black Napoleon and the Battle for Haiti. [Cambridge, Mass.]: Da Capo Press, 1994. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">Toussaint Louverture, the leader of the slave revolt in 1791 that successfully fought French, Spanish, and British armies and eventually established the Haitian republic, is one of the more famous names in black history. A brilliant leader, tactician, and statesman, Louverture has been the subject of much interest over the years. Ros's book, first published in Amsterdam in 1991, is not only the story of Louverture but of the conditions leading to the slave revolts and the shifting social and geopolitical alliances that affected the outcome of the revolt. Ros, a Dutch writer and radio personality, has produced a popular history, suitable for general readers and one that makes fascinating reading. Recommended for public libraries. -- Paul H. Thomas, Hoover Inst, Lib., Stanford, Cal. (Copyright 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.) Library Journal. 224 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span class="style">Dubois, Laurent, and John D. Garrigus. Slave Revolution in the Caribbean, 1789-1804: a Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">This volume details the first slave rebellion to have a successful outcome, leading to the establishment of Haiti as a free black republic and paving the way for the emancipation of slaves in the rest of the French Empire and the world. Incited by the French Revolution, the enslaved inhabitants of the French Caribbean began a series of revolts, and in 1791 plantation workers in Haiti, then known as Saint-Domingue, overwhelmed their planter owners and began to take control of the island. They achieved emancipation in 1794, and after successfully opposing Napoleonic forces eight years later, emerged as part of an independent nation in 1804. A broad selection of documents, all newly translated by the authors, is contextualized by a thorough introduction considering the very latest scholarship. Laurent Dubois and John D. Garrigus clarify for students the complex political, economic, and racial issues surrounding the revolution and its reverberations worldwide. Useful pedagogical tools include maps, illustrations, a chronology, and a selected bibliography. Product description. 240 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2"><span class="style">Bell, Madison Smartt. Toussaint Louverture: a Biography. New York: Pantheon Books, 2007. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">Author of an acclaimed trilogy of novels charting the Haitian revolution of 1791–1803 (All Soul's Rising, Master of the Crossroads and The Stone That the Builder Refused), Bell is eminently qualified to write a biography of that struggle's central figure, Toussaint-Louverture. Beginning with a pithy overview of 18th-century colonial Haiti, taking in its harsh Spanish- and French-controlled slave plantations and its complex systems of race and class, Bell trawls documentary sources to trace Toussaint's stealthy emergence as a revolutionary leader. The author emphasizes Toussaint's unusual status as a free black man of property who commanded trust and authority among both blacks and whites. Sifting hard evidence out of the heaps of conjecture that surround his subject, Bell examines Toussaint's royal African origins, questions of his literacy, and the relationship between his outward Catholicism and the Vodou beliefs in which he was immersed. With scholarly conscientiousness, Bell examines differing historical accounts of Toussaint's military and diplomatic campaigns, comparing Toussaint's "meteoric trajectory" to that of Napoleon Bonaparte before describing Toussaint's demise in a Napoleonic prison. Since then, Bell comments, writers and politicians "have constructed whatever Toussaint Louverture they require"—usually, he adds, a vicious one. Bell's own contribution avoids mythology without detracting from the achievements of Toussaint-Louverture's dramatic career. (Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc.) Publishers Weekly. 352 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span class="style">Chin, Pat, Greg Dunkel, Sara Flounders, and Kim Ives. Haiti, a Slave Revolution: 200 Years after 1804. New York: International Action Center, 2004. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">Haiti's slave revolution and its continual resistance to occupation and dictatorship are recounted through the Haitian art, poetry, photos, and essays included in this exciting anthology. The agonies and exaltations of the country and its people will garner the reader's empathy and illustrate why the Haitian Revolution is still considered a threat to U.S. foreign policy. Haiti's impact on the United States, including voodoo economics, and the effects of U.S. embargoes against the country are discussed along with plausible reasons for occupation. Product description. 250 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span class="style">Brown, Gordon S. Toussaint's Clause: the Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2005. </span><span style="line-height: 5px; " class="style_2"><br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_3">In its formative years, America, birthplace of a revolution, wrestled with a volatile dilemma. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, and many other founding fathers clashed. What was to be the new republic's strategy toward a revolution roiling just off its shores? From 1790 to 1810, the disagreement reverberated far beyond Caribbean waters and American coastal ports. War between France and Britain, the great powers of the time, raged on the seas and in Europe. America watched aghast as its trading partner Haiti, a rich hothouse of sugar plantations and French colonial profit, exploded in a rebellion led by former slave Toussaint L'Ouverture. Toussaint's Clause: The Founding Fathers and the Haitian Revolution narrates the intricate history of one of America's early foreign policy balancing acts and one of the nation's defining moments. The supporters of Toussaint's rebellion against France at first engineered a bold policy of intervention in favor of the rebels. But Southern slaveholders, such as Jefferson, eyed the slave-general's rise and masterful leadership skills with extreme alarm and eventually obtained a reversal of the policy-even while taking advantage of the rebellion to make the fateful Louisiana purchase. Far from petty, the internal squabbles among America's founders resolved themselves in delicate maneuvers in foreign capitals and on the island. The stakes were mortally high-a misstep could have plunged the new, weak, and neutral republic into the great powers' global war. In Toussaint's Clause, former diplomat and ambassador Gordon S. Brown details the founding fathers' crisis over Haiti and their rancorous struggle, which very often cut to the core of what America meant by revolution and liberty. -- During a thirty-five-year Foreign Service career, Gordon S. Brown served mainly in the Middle East and North Africa including assignments as General Norman Schwarzkopf's political advisor in the first Gulf War and ambassador to Mauritania. Since his retirement, he has written Coalition, Coercion, and Compromise on the diplomacy of the first Gulf War and The Norman Conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily. Product description. 321 pages.</p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span class="style">Dubois, Laurent. A Colony of Citizens Revolution & Slave Emancipation in the French Caribbean, 1787 - 1804. Chapel Hill, NC [u.a.: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2008. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">The idea of universal rights is often understood as the product of Europe, but as Laurent Dubois demonstrates, it was profoundly shaped by the struggle over slavery and citizenship in the French Caribbean. Dubois examines this Caribbean revolution by focusing on Guadeloupe, where, in the early 1790s, insurgents on the island fought for equality and freedom and formed alliances with besieged Republicans. In 1794, slavery was abolished throughout the French Empire, ushering in a new colonial order in which all people, regardless of race, were entitled to the same rights. But French administrators on the island combined emancipation with new forms of coercion and racial exclusion, even as newly freed slaves struggled for a fuller freedom. In 1802, the experiment in emancipation was reversed and slavery was brutally reestablished, though rebels in Saint-Domingue avoided the same fate by defeating the French and creating an independent Haiti. The political culture of republicanism, Dubois argues, was transformed through this transcultural and transatlantic struggle for liberty and citizenship. The slaves-turned-citizens of the French Caribbean expanded the political possibilities of the Enlightenment by giving new and radical content to the idea of universal rights. Product description. 456 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span class="style">Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: the Story of the Haitian Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">It was about time that a book like this would appear. In this book Dubois masterfully walked a fine line between several traditional approaches to the Haitian Revolution. While avoiding the extremes of old racists' historians that have blamed slaves for bringing chaos to the island of Hispaniola, he also avoids the hero-making excess of CLR James. Dubois also appropriated lots from Carolyn E. Fick's valuable approach of the revolution from below while still on the sobering side of David P. Geggus. With the exception of James', there is no work on the Haitian Revolution that is more readable and engaging than this book. Dubois' prose is crisp and vivid-the perfect writing for such a colorful story. The book is not short. But each chapter is full with interesting stories that you can hardly notice you are reading a scholarly history book. However, there are three issues you should be aware of while reading it. Probably due to the large amount of information and the inclusion of many little stories, the reader can easily lose track of the chronology. So, having besides you a chronology of the events can help you follow each one without problems. Also, because of the scholarly practice of the use of evidence, Dubois habit of story-telling, and his efforts to avoid being judgmental, at first impression the reader may feel that the author is siding with evil. But Dubois evaluation is subtle, and yet very powerful and accurate. And finally, a few typos, responsibilities of the publishing house and not of the author, should not affect the reader's enjoyment of a good and important reading. Dennis R. Hidalgo, Amazon.com reviewer. 384 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span class="style">Fick, Carolyn E. The Making of Haiti: the Saint Domingue Revolution from below. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2004. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">This book is not only a great companion to CLR James' classic, The Black Jacobins, it also initiates a deeper understanding of the forces and factors that were at the root of the revolution. Whereas James' work tends to mythesize leaders, particularly Toussaint, Fick's work is more likely to detail specific battles and events with information on multiple actors. The only trouble is that Fick's book lacks some of the moral indignation that James had as well as his interest in connecting the Haitian Revolution to the political context of modern times. This makes the book more "scholarly" but less compelling. This is a small drawback, however, for those already impassioned about the subject. A new most important aspect of Fick's book is her emphasis and redefinition of the role of the maroons (escaped slaves). Whereas many times the maroons are portrayed as only peripheral actors or precedents to the revolution, Fick's work shows that the community of escaped slave, a very broad category, was one of the main forces at work in the revolution. This book is a must for understanding maroonage, the Haitian Revolution, and a historical investigative method that is liberating! S. Diaminah "ajagunna", Amazon.com reviewer. 376 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span class="style">Garrigus, John D. Before Haiti: Race and Citizenship in French Saint-Domingue. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">Winner of the Society for French Historical Studies 2007 Gilbert Chinard Prize. In 1804 French Saint-Domingue became the independent nation of Haiti after the only successful slave uprising in world history. When the Haitian Revolution broke out, the colony was home to the largest and wealthiest free population of African descent in the New World. Before Haiti explains the origins of this free colored class, exposes the ways its members both supported and challenged slavery, and examines how they created their own New World identity in the years from 1760 to 1804. Product description. 408 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2"><span class="style">Gaspar, David Barry., and David Patrick. Geggus. A Turbulent Time: the French Revolution and the Greater Caribbean. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2003. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">"Stimulating, incisive, insightful, sometimes revisionist, this volume is required reading for historians of comparative colonialism in an age of revolution." -- Choice. "[An] eminently original and intellectually exciting book." -- William and Mary Quarterly. This volume examines several slave societies in the Greater Caribbean to illustrate the pervasive and multi-layered impact of the revolutionary age on the region. Built precariously on the exploitation of slave labor, organized according to the doctrine of racial discrimination, the plantation colonies were particularly vulnerable to the message of the French Revolution, which proved all the more potent because it coincided with the emergence of the antislavery movement in the Atlantic world and interacted with local traditions of resistance among the region's slaves, free coloreds, and white colonists. Product description. 280 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2"><span class="style">Geggus, David Patrick. Haitian Revolutionary Studies. Bloomington [Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2002. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">The Haitian Revolution of 1789--1803 transformed the Caribbean's wealthiest colony into the first independent state in Latin America, encompassed the largest slave uprising in the Americas, and inflicted a humiliating defeat on three colonial powers. In Haitian Revolutionary Studies, David Patrick Geggus sheds new light on this tremendous upheaval by marshaling an unprecedented range of evidence drawn from archival research in six countries. Geggus's fine-grained essays explore central issues and little-studied aspects of the conflict, including new historiography and sources, the origins of the black rebellion, and relations between slaves and free people of color. The contributions of vodou and marronage to the slave uprising, Toussaint Louverture and the abolition question, the policies of the major powers toward the revolution, and its interaction with the early French Revolution are also addressed. Questions about ethnicity, identity, and historical knowledge inform this essential study of a complex revolution. Product description. 352 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2"><span class="style">Geggus, David Patrick. The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, 2001. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">The slave revolution that two hundred years ago created the state of Haiti alarmed and excited public opinion on both sides of the Atlantic. Its repercussions ranged from the world commodity markets to the imagination of poets, from the council chambers of the great powers to slave quarters in Virginia and Brazil and most points in between. Sharing attention with such tumultuous events as the French Revolution and the Napoleonic War, Haiti's fifteen-year struggle for racial equality, slave emancipation, and colonial independence challenged notions about racial hierarchy that were gaining legitimacy in an Atlantic world dominated by Europeans and the slave trade. The Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World explores the multifarious influence—from economic to ideological to psychological—that a revolt on a small Caribbean island had on the continents surrounding it. Fifteen international scholars, including eminent historians David Brion Davis, Seymour Drescher, and Robin Blackburn, explicate such diverse ramifications as the spawning of slave resistance and the stimulation of slavery's expansion, the opening of economic frontiers, and the formation of black and white diasporas. Seeking to disentangle the effects of the Haitian Revolution from those of the French Revolution, they demonstrate that its impact was ambiguous, complex, and contradictory. Product description. 261 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2"><span class="style">Geggus, David Patrick. The World of the Haitian Revolution. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">Students of Haiti's past have seen two recent additions in English to the literature about the island's famous revolution--first the magisterial Toussaint Louverture: A Biography, by Madison Smartt Bell in 2007, (CH, Jul'07, 44-6405), and now the worthy The World of the Haitian Revolution. The latter is the fruit of a 2004 conference at the John Carter Brown Library commemorating the bicentennial of Haitian independence. Eighteen articles range from studies about Saint-Domingue on the eve of the 1791 slave insurrection to the transition from emancipation to the permanent break with France in 1804, and, finally, to the reverberations of the island's events upon other slave societies and upon fiction, the fine arts, and the craft of history. The most interesting articles question the inevitability of the Haitian Revolution, explore the French decision to treat the Haiti troubles in the same fashion as that of the peasant revolt in the Vendée, analyze the court cases for emancipation brought by Haitian exiles in the US legal system, and discuss the historic sites of revolution. Some scholars are edging toward an argument that the most important of the New World revolutions took place in the Caribbean and not on the mainland. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above. -- Choice, J. A. Lewis, Western Carolina University. 440 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2"><span class="style">James, C. L. R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">In 1789 the French colony of Saint Domingue was the most profitable real estate in the world. These profits came at a price: while its sugar plantations supplied two-thirds of France's overseas trade, they also stimulated the greatest individual market for the slave trade. The slaves were brutally treated and died in great numbers, prompting a never-ending influx of new slaves. The French Revolution sent waves all the way across the Atlantic, dividing the colony's white population in 1791. The elites remained royalist, while the bourgeoisie embraced the revolutionary ideals. The slaves seized the moment and in the confusion rebelled en masse against their owners. The Haitian Slave Revolt had begun. When it ended in 1803, Saint Domingue had become Haiti, the first independent nation in the Caribbean. C.L.R. James tells the story of the revolt and the events leading up to it in his masterpiece, The Black Jacobins. James's personal beliefs infuse his narrative: in his preface to a 1962 edition of the book, he asserts that , when written in 1938, it was "intended to stimulate the coming emancipation of Africa." James writes passionately about the horrific lives of the slaves and of the man who rose up and led them--a semiliterate slave named François-Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture. As James notes, however, "Toussaint did not make the revolution. It was the revolution that made Toussaint." With its appendix, "From Toussaint L'Ouverture to Fidel Castro," The Black Jacobins provides an excellent window into the Haitian Revolution and the worldwide repercussions it caused. --Sunny Delaney, Amazon.com review. 448 pages.</span></p>
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<p style="padding-top: 0pt; " class="paragraph_style_2"><span class="style">Ott, Thomas O. The Haitian Revolution, 1789-1804. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1999. <br /></span></p>
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<p style="padding-bottom: 0pt; " class="Free_Form"><span style="line-height: 13px; " class="style_1">As an avid fan of Caribbean history, I claim this book to be one of the best I have ever read. It is a must for anyone interested in the Haitian Revolution on Saint Domingue. Mr. Ott thoroughly covers the revolution from start to finish. His writing style is efficient and to the point. The book analyzes the causes and effects of each stage of the revolution from every possible view point and deals in depth with the leading figures of this event. I highly recommend this book. John Michael Seals, Amazon.com reviewer. 246 pages.</span></p>
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