docs: Add links and more discussion to examples.

[eliotwrobson]

@caleb531 Resolves #226 and adds links to examples and the front page as requested in #212. I think this adds enough additional discussion that we can close #212, as this adds links to other pages and lecture notes that cover the theory in detail.

However, we will still add the planned notebooks with extended teaching examples, likely to their own section on the docs site.

Responding to items on pyOpenSci/software-submission#152

[coveralls]

coverage: 99.613%. remained the same
when pulling 1cb6622 on eliotwrobson:more_docs_changes
into 6246b26 on caleb531:develop.

[coveralls]

coverage: 99.613%. remained the same
when pulling 1cb6622 on eliotwrobson:more_docs_changes
into 6246b26 on caleb531:develop.

[coveralls]

coverage: 99.613%. remained the same
when pulling 1cb6622 on eliotwrobson:more_docs_changes
into 6246b26 on caleb531:develop.

[coveralls]

coverage: 99.613%. remained the same
when pulling 8f18170 on eliotwrobson:more_docs_changes
into 6246b26 on caleb531:develop.

[caleb531]

@eliotwrobson I saw a new commit just now—are you still working on this? Let me know when it's ready for my review and I'll have a look!

[coveralls]

coverage: 99.613%. remained the same
when pulling 097dbfd on eliotwrobson:more_docs_changes
into 6246b26 on caleb531:develop.

[eliotwrobson]

@caleb531 just added some finishing touches to the docs based on some additional review comments that came in since this PR was still open. Should be good to review, and once this is merged we should be able to push along the review 👍🏽

[caleb531]

@eliotwrobson This looks very good! Added some comments with a few grammatical corrections—apologies if they seem rather nitpicky 😅.

[eliotwrobson]

@caleb531 no worries, being nitpicky usually pays off when reviewing documentation IMO. I've committed all of your changes, if all looks good I'll go ahead and merge soon!

[coveralls]

coverage: 99.613%. remained the same
when pulling 45af6fc on eliotwrobson:more_docs_changes
into 6246b26 on caleb531:develop.

[caleb531]

@eliotwrobson Yep, looks great now! Approved!