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Update index.rst
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making some additional changes suggested by Duncan
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olgahryniuk committed Oct 23, 2020
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Expand Up @@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ Each node should run on a dedicated server, and the core node server's firewall

All nodes are connected to each other within the Cardano networking layer. This connection is essential for information exchange about transactions and new block creation.

With Byron, federated nodes were wholly responsible for managing block production and network connections. The Byron network consisted of a set of federated core nodes, static nodes that produced blocks, and maintained the Cardano network. With the launch of Shelley, the peer-to-peer components initially continue running in a federated mode, but as the network transitions into full decentralization, this connection is gradually switched to use continuous automatic discovery and selection of peers.
With Byron, federated nodes were wholly responsible for managing block production and network connections. The Byron network consisted of a set of federated core nodes - static nodes that produced blocks, and maintained the Cardano network. With the launch of Shelley, the network runs in a hybrid mode with federated nodes operated by IOG and manually configured connections between different stake pool operators (SPOs), and between SPOs and the IOG nodes. Over the lifetime of the Shelley system, the network will transition into full decentralization using continuous automatic discovery and selection of peers.

During this transition phase, nodes connect to other nodes by means of a static configuration, defined in a topology file. To avoid a situation when relay nodes go offline, which causes the core node to fail, it is crucial to connect to reliable relay nodes. Currently, IOG offers all stake pool operators (SPOs) reliable nodes to which they can connect. It is also recommended that SPOs use the community lists and tools to generate a configuration that uses 20 or more other SPOs as peers. In practice, many SPOs can use more than 20 peers for connection purposes. The community tools help to select peers that are both nearby and far away so that there is strong inter-region connectivity.
During the initial phase, nodes connect to other nodes by means of a static configuration, defined in a topology file. To avoid a situation when relay nodes go offline, which causes the block-producing nodes to be inaccessible, it is crucial to connect to reliable relay nodes. Currently, IOG offers all SPOs reliable nodes to which they can connect. It is also recommended that SPOs use the community lists and tools to generate a configuration that uses 20 or more other SPOs as peers. In practice, many SPOs can use more than 20 peers for connection purposes. The community tools help to select peers that are both nearby and far away so that there is strong inter-region connectivity.

Before the network is moved from federated to fully decentralized, the node’s network layer will be switched to use continuous automatic discovery and peer selection. This is achieved through network stack improvements, which means that the situation where the network is fully decentralized, but peer selection still uses static configuration, is impossible. Peer to peer (P2P) communication is being gradually enhanced thus ensuring the flow of information between individual nodes, which will make the network less reliant on IO-run relays. To achieve the desired network resilience, the IOG networking team is enhancing the relevant network stack components - mini-protocols for communication purposes, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection channel, and the P2P governor, which enable the automatic selection of reliable peers.
Before the network is moved from federated to fully decentralized, the node’s network layer will be switched to use continuous automatic discovery and peer selection. This will be achieved through upgrades to the network stack. Initially this will enable improved automation of connecting SPO relays to each other so that less static manual configuration is needed. Ultimately it will enable a full peer-to-peer (P2P) topology for all Cardano nodes, which will make the network less reliant on IO-run relays.

Please follow this link to read more about the `Cardano network`_, communication between the nodes, and mini-protocols that enable this functionality.

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