Merge branch 'main' into inlinecomp2

* main:
  pythongh-103822: [Calendar] change return value to enum for day and month APIs (pythonGH-103827)
  pythongh-65022: Fix description of tuple return value in copyreg (python#103892)
  pythonGH-103525: Improve exception message from `pathlib.PurePath()` (pythonGH-103526)
  pythongh-84436: Add integration C API tests for immortal objects (pythongh-103962)
  pythongh-103743: Add PyUnstable_Object_GC_NewWithExtraData (pythonGH-103744)
  pythongh-102997: Update Windows installer to SQLite 3.41.2. (python#102999)
  pythonGH-103484: Fix redirected permanently URLs (python#104001)
  Improve assert_type phrasing (python#104081)
  pythongh-102997: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.41.2. (pythonGH-102998)
  pythonGH-103472: close response in HTTPConnection._tunnel (python#103473)
  pythongh-88496: IDLE - fix another test on macOS (python#104075)
  pythongh-94673: Hide Objects in PyTypeObject Behind Accessors (pythongh-104074)
  pythongh-94673: Properly Initialize and Finalize Static Builtin Types for Each Interpreter (pythongh-104072)
  pythongh-104016: Skip test for deeply neste f-strings on wasi (python#104071)

Doc/c-api/gcsupport.rst

@@ -59,12 +59,31 @@ rules:
    Analogous to :c:func:`PyObject_New` but for container objects with the
    :const:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag set.
 
-
 .. c:function:: TYPE* PyObject_GC_NewVar(TYPE, PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t size)
 
    Analogous to :c:func:`PyObject_NewVar` but for container objects with the
    :const:`Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC` flag set.
 
+.. c:function:: PyObject* PyUnstable_Object_GC_NewWithExtraData(PyTypeObject *type, size_t extra_size)
+
+   Analogous to :c:func:`PyObject_GC_New` but allocates *extra_size*
+   bytes at the end of the object (at offset
+   :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_basicsize`).
+   The allocated memory is initialized to zeros,
+   except for the :c:type:`Python object header <PyObject>`.
+
+   The extra data will be deallocated with the object, but otherwise it is
+   not managed by Python.
+
+   .. warning::
+      The function is marked as unstable because the final mechanism
+      for reserving extra data after an instance is not yet decided.
+      For allocating a variable number of fields, prefer using
+      :c:type:`PyVarObject` and :c:member:`~PyTypeObject.tp_itemsize`
+      instead.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.12
+
 
 .. c:function:: TYPE* PyObject_GC_Resize(TYPE, PyVarObject *op, Py_ssize_t newsize)
 

Doc/conf.py

@@ -264,11 +264,29 @@
 
 linkcheck_allowed_redirects = {
     # bpo-NNNN -> BPO -> GH Issues
-    r'https://bugs.python.org/issue\?@action=redirect&bpo=\d+': 'https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/\d+',
+    r'https://bugs.python.org/issue\?@action=redirect&bpo=\d+': r'https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/\d+',
     # GH-NNNN used to refer to pull requests
-    r'https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/\d+': 'https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/\d+',
+    r'https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/\d+': r'https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/\d+',
     # :source:`something` linking files in the repository
-    r'https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/.*': 'https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/.*'
+    r'https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/.*': 'https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/.*',
+    # Intentional HTTP use at Misc/NEWS.d/3.5.0a1.rst
+    r'http://www.python.org/$': 'https://www.python.org/$',
+    # Used in license page, keep as is
+    r'https://www.zope.org/': r'https://www.zope.dev/',
+    # Microsoft's redirects to learn.microsoft.com
+    r'https://msdn.microsoft.com/.*': 'https://learn.microsoft.com/.*',
+    r'https://docs.microsoft.com/.*': 'https://learn.microsoft.com/.*',
+    r'https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/\?LinkID=\d+': 'https://learn.microsoft.com/.*',
+    # Language redirects
+    r'https://toml.io': 'https://toml.io/en/',
+    r'https://www.redhat.com': 'https://www.redhat.com/en',
+    # Other redirects
+    r'https://www.boost.org/libs/.+': r'https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/\d_\d+_\d/.+',
+    r'https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/\d+': 'https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/.+',
+    r'https://perf.wiki.kernel.org$': 'https://perf.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page',
+    r'https://www.sqlite.org': 'https://www.sqlite.org/index.html',
+    r'https://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp$': 'https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262510875/structure-and-interpretation-of-computer-programs/',
+    r'https://www.python.org/psf/': 'https://www.python.org/psf-landing/',
 }
 
 linkcheck_anchors_ignore = [

Doc/faq/extending.rst

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ on what you're trying to do.
 .. XXX make sure these all work
 
 `Cython <https://cython.org>`_ and its relative `Pyrex
-<https://www.cosc.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/>`_ are compilers
+<https://www.csse.canterbury.ac.nz/greg.ewing/python/Pyrex/>`_ are compilers
 that accept a slightly modified form of Python and generate the corresponding
 C code.  Cython and Pyrex make it possible to write an extension without having
 to learn Python's C API.

Doc/faq/general.rst

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ commercial use, to sell copies of Python in source or binary form (modified or
 unmodified), or to sell products that incorporate Python in some form.  We would
 still like to know about all commercial use of Python, of course.
 
-See `the PSF license page <https://www.python.org/psf/license/>`_ to find further
-explanations and a link to the full text of the license.
+See `the license page <https://docs.python.org/3/license.html>`_ to find further
+explanations and the full text of the PSF License.
 
 The Python logo is trademarked, and in certain cases permission is required to
 use it.  Consult `the Trademark Usage Policy
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ every day, and Usenet readers are often more able to cope with this volume.
 Announcements of new software releases and events can be found in
 comp.lang.python.announce, a low-traffic moderated list that receives about five
 postings per day.  It's available as `the python-announce mailing list
-<https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list>`_.
+<https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/python-announce-list.python.org/>`_.
 
 More info about other mailing lists and newsgroups
 can be found at https://www.python.org/community/lists/.
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ titled "Python X.Y Release Schedule", where X.Y is a version that hasn't been
 publicly released yet.
 
 New development is discussed on `the python-dev mailing list
-<https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev/>`_.
+<https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/python-dev.python.org/>`_.
 
 
 Is it reasonable to propose incompatible changes to Python?

Doc/faq/programming.rst

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Yes.
 `Pyflakes <https://github.com/PyCQA/pyflakes>`_ do basic checking that will
 help you catch bugs sooner.
 
-Static type checkers such as `Mypy <http://mypy-lang.org/>`_,
+Static type checkers such as `Mypy <https://mypy-lang.org/>`_,
 `Pyre <https://pyre-check.org/>`_, and
 `Pytype <https://github.com/google/pytype>`_ can check type hints in Python
 source code.

Doc/howto/pyporting.rst

@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ to make sure everything functions as expected in both versions of Python.
 .. _Futurize: https://python-future.org/automatic_conversion.html
 .. _importlib2: https://pypi.org/project/importlib2
 .. _Modernize: https://python-modernize.readthedocs.io/
-.. _mypy: http://mypy-lang.org/
+.. _mypy: https://mypy-lang.org/
 .. _Porting to Python 3: http://python3porting.com/
 .. _Pylint: https://pypi.org/project/pylint
 

Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst

@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ Opening network connections
       specifies requirements for algorithms that reduce this user-visible
       delay and provides an algorithm.
 
-      For more information: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6555
+      For more information: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6555
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.11
 

Doc/library/copyreg.rst

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Such constructors may be factory functions or class instances.
 
    Declares that *function* should be used as a "reduction" function for objects
    of type *type*.  *function* must return either a string or a tuple
-   containing two or five elements. See the :attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table`
+   containing between two and six elements. See the :attr:`~pickle.Pickler.dispatch_table`
    for more details on the interface of *function*.
 
    The *constructor_ob* parameter is a legacy feature and is now ignored, but if

Doc/library/hashlib.rst

@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ Constructor functions also accept the following tree hashing parameters:
    :alt: Explanation of tree mode parameters.
 
 See section 2.10 in `BLAKE2 specification
-<https://blake2.net/blake2_20130129.pdf>`_ for comprehensive review of tree
+<https://www.blake2.net/blake2_20130129.pdf>`_ for comprehensive review of tree
 hashing.
 
 
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ on the hash function used in digital signatures.
     by the signer.
 
     (`NIST SP-800-106 "Randomized Hashing for Digital Signatures"
-    <https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-106/final>`_)
+    <https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-106/archive/2009-02-25>`_)
 
 In BLAKE2 the salt is processed as a one-time input to the hash function during
 initialization, rather than as an input to each compression function.
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@ initialization, rather than as an input to each compression function.
 
     *Salted hashing* (or just hashing) with BLAKE2 or any other general-purpose
     cryptographic hash function, such as SHA-256, is not suitable for hashing
-    passwords.  See `BLAKE2 FAQ <https://blake2.net/#qa>`_ for more
+    passwords.  See `BLAKE2 FAQ <https://www.blake2.net/#qa>`_ for more
     information.
 ..
 
@@ -764,9 +764,9 @@ Domain Dedication 1.0 Universal:
 
 * *Alexandr Sokolovskiy*
 
-.. _BLAKE2: https://blake2.net
+.. _BLAKE2: https://www.blake2.net
 .. _HMAC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash-based_message_authentication_code
-.. _BLAKE: https://131002.net/blake/
+.. _BLAKE: https://web.archive.org/web/20200918190133/https://131002.net/blake/
 .. _SHA-3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIST_hash_function_competition
 .. _ChaCha: https://cr.yp.to/chacha.html
 .. _pyblake2: https://pythonhosted.org/pyblake2/
@@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ Domain Dedication 1.0 Universal:
    Module :mod:`base64`
       Another way to encode binary hashes for non-binary environments.
 
-   https://blake2.net
+   https://www.blake2.net
       Official BLAKE2 website.
 
    https://csrc.nist.gov/csrc/media/publications/fips/180/2/archive/2002-08-01/documents/fips180-2.pdf

Doc/library/http.client.rst

@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ HTTPConnection Objects
    the CONNECT request.
 
    As HTTP/1.1 is used for HTTP CONNECT tunnelling request, `as per the RFC
-   <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.6>`_, a HTTP ``Host:``
+   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-4.3.6>`_, a HTTP ``Host:``
    header must be provided, matching the authority-form of the request target
    provided as the destination for the CONNECT request. If a HTTP ``Host:``
    header is not provided via the headers argument, one is generated and

Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst

@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ The "selectable" entry points were introduced in ``importlib_metadata``
 no parameters and always returned a dictionary of entry points, keyed
 by group. With ``importlib_metadata`` 5.0 and Python 3.12,
 ``entry_points`` always returns an ``EntryPoints`` object. See
-`backports.entry_points_selectable <https://pypi.org/project/backports.entry_points_selectable>`_
+`backports.entry_points_selectable <https://pypi.org/project/backports.entry-points-selectable>`_
 for compatibility options.
 
 

Doc/library/os.rst

@@ -4593,7 +4593,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    :attr:`!children_system`, and :attr:`!elapsed` in that order.
 
    See the Unix manual page
-   :manpage:`times(2)` and `times(3) <https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?time(3)>`_ manual page on Unix or `the GetProcessTimes MSDN
+   :manpage:`times(2)` and `times(3) <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?time(3)>`_ manual page on Unix or `the GetProcessTimes MSDN
    <https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-getprocesstimes>`_
    on Windows. On Windows, only :attr:`!user` and :attr:`!system` are known; the other attributes are zero.
 

Doc/library/plistlib.rst

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ or :class:`datetime.datetime` objects.
 
 .. seealso::
 
-   `PList manual page <https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/>`_
+   `PList manual page <https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/PropertyLists/>`_
       Apple's documentation of the file format.
 
 

Doc/library/resource.rst

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ platform.
    used by all of this user id's processes.
    This limit is enforced only if bit 1 of the vm.overcommit sysctl is set.
    Please see
-   `tuning(7) <https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7>`__
+   `tuning(7) <https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=tuning&sektion=7>`__
    for a complete description of this sysctl.
 
    .. availability:: FreeBSD.

Doc/library/select.rst

@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ Kqueue Objects
 Kevent Objects
 --------------
 
-https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2
+https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=kqueue&sektion=2
 
 .. attribute:: kevent.ident
 

Doc/library/ssl.rst

@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
 
    .. seealso::
-      `SSL/TLS & Perfect Forward Secrecy <https://vincent.bernat.im/en/blog/2011-ssl-perfect-forward-secrecy>`_
+      `SSL/TLS & Perfect Forward Secrecy <https://vincent.bernat.ch/en/blog/2011-ssl-perfect-forward-secrecy>`_
          Vincent Bernat.
 
 .. method:: SSLContext.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=False, \

Doc/library/statistics.rst

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ This module provides functions for calculating mathematical statistics of
 numeric (:class:`~numbers.Real`-valued) data.
 
 The module is not intended to be a competitor to third-party libraries such
-as `NumPy <https://numpy.org>`_, `SciPy <https://www.scipy.org/>`_, or
+as `NumPy <https://numpy.org>`_, `SciPy <https://scipy.org/>`_, or
 proprietary full-featured statistics packages aimed at professional
 statisticians such as Minitab, SAS and Matlab. It is aimed at the level of
 graphing and scientific calculators.

Doc/library/struct.rst

@@ -602,4 +602,4 @@ The :mod:`struct` module also defines the following type:
 
 .. _ieee 754 standard: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754-2008_revision
 
-.. _IETF RFC 1700: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1700
+.. _IETF RFC 1700: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1700

Doc/library/sys.rst

@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ always available.
    additional garbage collector overhead if the object is managed by the garbage
    collector.
 
-   See `recursive sizeof recipe <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/577504>`_
+   See `recursive sizeof recipe <https://code.activestate.com/recipes/577504/>`_
    for an example of using :func:`getsizeof` recursively to find the size of
    containers and all their contents.
 

Doc/library/typing.rst

@@ -2484,15 +2484,16 @@ Functions and decorators
 
    Ask a static type checker to confirm that *val* has an inferred type of *typ*.
 
-   When the type checker encounters a call to ``assert_type()``, it
+   At runtime this does nothing: it returns the first argument unchanged with no
+   checks or side effects, no matter the actual type of the argument.
+
+   When a static type checker encounters a call to ``assert_type()``, it
    emits an error if the value is not of the specified type::
 
        def greet(name: str) -> None:
            assert_type(name, str)  # OK, inferred type of `name` is `str`
            assert_type(name, int)  # type checker error
 
-   At runtime this returns the first argument unchanged with no side effects.
-
    This function is useful for ensuring the type checker's understanding of a
    script is in line with the developer's intentions::
 

Doc/library/unittest.mock-examples.rst

@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ subclass.
 Sometimes this is inconvenient. For example, `one user
 <https://code.google.com/archive/p/mock/issues/105>`_ is subclassing mock to
 created a `Twisted adaptor
-<https://twistedmatrix.com/documents/11.0.0/api/twisted.python.components.html>`_.
+<https://twisted.org/documents/11.0.0/api/twisted.python.components.html>`_.
 Having this applied to attributes too actually causes errors.
 
 ``Mock`` (in all its flavours) uses a method called ``_get_child_mock`` to create

Doc/library/unittest.rst

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ test runner
    a GUI tool for test discovery and execution.  This is intended largely for ease of use
    for those new to unit testing.  For production environments it is
    recommended that tests be driven by a continuous integration system such as
-   `Buildbot <https://buildbot.net/>`_, `Jenkins <https://jenkins.io/>`_,
+   `Buildbot <https://buildbot.net/>`_, `Jenkins <https://www.jenkins.io/>`_,
    `GitHub Actions <https://github.com/features/actions>`_, or
    `AppVeyor <https://www.appveyor.com/>`_.
 

Doc/library/xmlrpc.client.rst

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ between conformable Python objects and XML on the wire.
 
 .. seealso::
 
-   `XML-RPC HOWTO <https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XML-RPC-HOWTO/index.html>`_
+   `XML-RPC HOWTO <https://tldp.org/HOWTO/XML-RPC-HOWTO/index.html>`_
       A good description of XML-RPC operation and client software in several languages.
       Contains pretty much everything an XML-RPC client developer needs to know.
 

Doc/library/zipfile.rst

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ The module defines the following items:
       Documentation on the ZIP file format by Phil Katz, the creator of the format and
       algorithms used.
 
-   `Info-ZIP Home Page <http://www.info-zip.org/>`_
+   `Info-ZIP Home Page <https://infozip.sourceforge.net/>`_
       Information about the Info-ZIP project's ZIP archive programs and development
       libraries.
 

Doc/reference/datamodel.rst

@@ -1564,7 +1564,7 @@ Basic customization
       This is intended to provide protection against a denial-of-service caused
       by carefully chosen inputs that exploit the worst case performance of a
       dict insertion, O(n\ :sup:`2`) complexity.  See
-      http://www.ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html for details.
+      http://ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html for details.
 
       Changing hash values affects the iteration order of sets.
       Python has never made guarantees about this ordering

Doc/reference/introduction.rst

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ PyPy
    and a Just in Time compiler. One of the goals of the project is to encourage
    experimentation with the language itself by making it easier to modify the
    interpreter (since it is written in Python).  Additional information is
-   available on `the PyPy project's home page <https://pypy.org/>`_.
+   available on `the PyPy project's home page <https://www.pypy.org/>`_.
 
 Each of these implementations varies in some way from the language as documented
 in this manual, or introduces specific information beyond what's covered in the

Doc/using/cmdline.rst

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ Miscellaneous options
    Hash randomization is intended to provide protection against a
    denial-of-service caused by carefully chosen inputs that exploit the worst
    case performance of a dict construction, O(n\ :sup:`2`) complexity.  See
-   http://www.ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html for details.
+   http://ocert.org/advisories/ocert-2011-003.html for details.
 
    :envvar:`PYTHONHASHSEED` allows you to set a fixed value for the hash
    seed secret.

Doc/using/mac.rst

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ number of standard Unix command line editors, :program:`vim` and
 :program:`BBEdit` or :program:`TextWrangler` from Bare Bones Software (see
 http://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as is
 :program:`TextMate` (see https://macromates.com/). Other editors include
-:program:`Gvim` (https://macvim-dev.github.io/macvim/) and :program:`Aquamacs`
+:program:`Gvim` (https://macvim.org/macvim/) and :program:`Aquamacs`
 (http://aquamacs.org/).
 
 To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that

Doc/using/windows.rst

@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ Besides the standard CPython distribution, there are modified packages including
 additional functionality.  The following is a list of popular versions and their
 key features:
 
-`ActivePython <https://www.activestate.com/activepython/>`_
+`ActivePython <https://www.activestate.com/products/python/>`_
     Installer with multi-platform compatibility, documentation, PyWin32
 
 `Anaconda <https://www.anaconda.com/download/>`_

Doc/whatsnew/2.0.rst

@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ using it::
    parser.parse( 'hamlet.xml' )
 
 For more information, consult the Python documentation, or the XML HOWTO at
-http://pyxml.sourceforge.net/topics/howto/xml-howto.html.
+https://pyxml.sourceforge.net/topics/howto/xml-howto.html.
 
 
 DOM Support

Doc/whatsnew/2.1.rst

@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ New and Improved Modules
   framework based on running embedded examples in docstrings and comparing the
   results against the expected output.  PyUnit, contributed by Steve Purcell, is a
   unit testing framework inspired by JUnit, which was in turn an adaptation of
-  Kent Beck's Smalltalk testing framework.  See http://pyunit.sourceforge.net/ for
+  Kent Beck's Smalltalk testing framework.  See https://pyunit.sourceforge.net/ for
   more information about PyUnit.
 
 * The :mod:`difflib` module contains a class, :class:`SequenceMatcher`, which