Add invert functionality for quantum operations

[martin-fink]

Description

Add an invert function to Operation. This mirrors the functionality of the OpenQASM 3.0 inv modifier.

For Compound gates, this calls invert on each nested operation and reverses the order of the operations.
For Standard gates, this checks which type of gate is being inverted and handles each case.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[burgholzer]

Also here, many thanks for this nice and neatly organized contribution.
As in the other PR I have a few minor nitpicks and a reply to one of the general questions you posted in a comment. Should be pretty straight-forward to realize.

[burgholzer]

Also here, some finishing touches before this is ready to merge.

[burgholzer]

LGTM ✅ Many thanks!
Would you mind quickly resolving the conflicts with the main branch that arose from the other PR just getting merged? Then this can be merged as well!

[martin-fink]

Rebased! Thanks!

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #416 (50726ba) into main (cc34cbc) will increase coverage by 0.0%.
The diff coverage is 95.9%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #416    +/-   ##
======================================
  Coverage   89.5%   89.5%            
======================================
  Files        102     102            
  Lines      11820   11923   +103     
  Branches    2095    2098     +3     
======================================
+ Hits       10580   10680   +100     
- Misses      1240    1243     +3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	89.5% <95.9%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
python	100.0% <ø> (ø)

Files Changed	Coverage Δ
include/operations/ClassicControlledOperation.hpp	87.5% <0.0%> (-1.6%)	⬇️
include/operations/NonUnitaryOperation.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/operations/StandardOperation.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/operations/SymbolicOperation.hpp	100.0% <ø> (+4.3%)	⬆️
src/operations/StandardOperation.cpp	93.5% <94.7%> (+0.2%)	⬆️
include/operations/CompoundOperation.hpp	86.7% <100.0%> (+0.5%)	⬆️
include/operations/Operation.hpp	95.6% <100.0%> (+0.2%)	⬆️
src/operations/SymbolicOperation.cpp	82.7% <100.0%> (+3.1%)	⬆️

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes