Improved support of parametrized gates in DDSIM Backends

[andresbar98]

This PR expands the handling of parameterized circuits by DDSIM backends. DDSIM backends can now bind parameters to quantum circuits, resembling the way Qiskit Primitives operate.

• A list containing the corresponding parameter values can be entered as an extra argument in the run() method
• Add corresponding tests to this new feature

Solves #295 first task.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #293 (6fa93f7) into main (af65305) will increase coverage by 0.0%.
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 100.0%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main    #293   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   92.5%   92.5%           
=====================================
  Files         32      32           
  Lines       2537    2553   +16     
  Branches     351     351           
=====================================
+ Hits        2348    2363   +15     
- Misses       189     190    +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	94.6% <ø> (-0.1%)	⬇️	Carriedforward from e5bdab1
python	85.1% <100.0%> (+0.4%)	⬆️

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files	Coverage Δ
src/mqt/ddsim/job.py	68.0% <100.0%> (+0.6%)	⬆️
src/mqt/ddsim/qasmsimulator.py	98.9% <100.0%> (+0.1%)	⬆️
src/mqt/ddsim/unitarysimulator.py	87.8% <100.0%> (ø)

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

[burgholzer]

Many thanks for the PR 👍🏼
I just went through it real quick and you can find some comments below.
Most importantly, I believe that some of the code duplication can be avoided.

[burgholzer]

Hey 👋🏼
Just went over the changes once more. We are definitely converging.
I like that this is a way smaller change now than at the start of the PR.
You can find a couple of comments (mostly regarding typing) inline.
Additionally, the adjustments to the tests from the previous review are still open.

I also added you as a contributor to the repository, so you should now have the permissions to (re-)request reviews.

[burgholzer]

Thanks again, looking better now 👍🏼
Find some further comments inline.

[burgholzer]

Thanks for the changes.
I took the liberty to fix the remaining errors and refactored parts of the code to be even simpler.
Most notably:

• bind_parameters has been replaced by assign_aparameters since the former function is soon to be deprecated (see Deprecate bind_parameters in favor of assign_parameters Qiskit/qiskit#10792)
• Several checks have been simplified as they are partly covered by the assign_parameters method internally or could be simplified by swapping some statements around
• Typing of the parameters was simplified by introducing a type alias and using the more generic version from Qiskit

From my end, this looks good to go now. Let me know if you see anything problematic.