git-cheat-sheet.md

Git and Git Flow Cheat Sheet

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Other Available Languages:

1. Arabic Git Cheat Sheet
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Git cheat sheet saves you from learning all the commands by heart.

Be free to contribute, update the grammar mistakes. You are also free to add your language file.

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Git Cheat Sheet English

Index

• Set Up
• Configuration Files
• Create
• Local Changes
• Search
• Commit History
• Branches & Tags
• Update & Publish
• Merge & Rebase
• Undo
• Git Flow

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Setup

Show current configuration:

$ git config --list

Show repository configuration:

$ git config --local --list

Show global configuration:

$ git config --global --list

Show system configuration:

$ git config --system --list

Set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history:

$ git config --global user.name “[firstname lastname]”

Set an email address that will be associated with each history marker:

$ git config --global user.email “[valid-email]”

Set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing:

$ git config --global color.ui auto

Set global editor for commit

$ git config --global core.editor vi

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Configuration Files

Repository specific configuration file [--local]:

/.git/config

User-specific configuration file [--global]:

~/.gitconfig

System-wide configuration file [--system]:

/etc/gitconfig

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Create

Clone an existing repository:

There are two ways:

Via SSH

$ git clone ssh://user@domain.com/repo.git

Via HTTP

$ git clone http://domain.com/user/repo.git

Create a new local repository:

$ git init

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Local Changes

Changes in working directory:

$ git status

Changes to tracked files:

$ git diff

Add all current changes to the next commit:

$ git add .

Add some changes in to the next commit:

$ git add -p

Commit all local changes in tracked files:

$ git commit -a

Commit previously staged changes:

$ git commit

Commit with message:

$ git commit -m 'message here'

Commit skipping the staging area and adding message:

$ git commit -am 'message here'

Commit to some previous date:

git commit --date="`date --date='n day ago'`" -am "Commit Message"

Change last commit:

_{Don't amend published commits!}

$ git commit -a --amend

Change committer date of last commit:

GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="date" git commit --amend

Change Author date of last commit:

git commit --amend --date="date"

Move uncommitted changes from current branch to some other branch:

git stash git checkout branch2 git stash pop

Restore stashed changes back to current branch:

git stash apply

Remove the last set of stashed changes:

git stash drop

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Search

A text search on all files in the directory:

$ git grep "Hello"

In any version of a text search:

$ git grep "Hello" v2.5

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Commit History

Show all commits, starting with newest (it'll show the hash, author information, date of commit and title of the commit):

$ git log

Show all the commits(it'll show just the commit hash and the commit message):

$ git log --oneline

Show all commits of a specific user:

$ git log --author="username"

Show changes over time for a specific file:

$ git log -p

Display commits that are present only in remote/branch in right side

$ git log --oneline .. --left-right

Who changed, what and when in :

$ git blame

Show Reference log:

$ git reflog show

Delete Reference log:

$ git reflog delete

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Branches & Tags

List all local branches:

$ git branch

List all remote branches:

$ git branch -r

Switch HEAD branch:

$ git checkout

Create and switch new branch:

$ git checkout -b

Create a new branch based on your current HEAD:

$ git branch

Create a new tracking branch based on a remote branch:

$ git branch --track

Delete a local branch:

$ git branch -d

Force delete a local branch:

_{You will lose unmerged changes!}

$ git branch -D

Mark the current commit with a tag:

$ git tag

Mark the current commit with a tag that includes a message:

$ git tag -a

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Update & Publish

List all current configured remotes:

$ git remote -v

Show information about a remote:

$ git remote show

Add new remote repository, named :

$ git remote add

Download all changes from , but don't integrate into HEAD:

$ git fetch

Download changes and directly merge/integrate into HEAD:

$ git remote pull

Get all changes from HEAD to local repository:

$ git pull origin master

Get all changes from HEAD to local repository without a merge:

git pull --rebase

Publish local changes on a remote:

$ git push remote

Delete a branch on the remote:

$ git push : (since Git v1.5.0) or git push --delete (since Git v1.7.0)

Publish your tags:

$ git push --tags

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Merge & Rebase

Merge into your current HEAD:

$ git merge

Rebase your current HEAD onto :

_{Don't rebase published commit!}

$ git rebase

Abort a rebase:

$ git rebase --abort

Continue a rebase after resolving conflicts:

$ git rebase --continue

Use your configured merge tool to solve conflicts:

$ git mergetool

Use your editor to manually solve conflicts and (after resolving) mark file as resolved:

$ git add

$ git rm

Squashing commits:

$ git rebase -i

Now replace this,

pick pick pick

to this,

pick squash squash

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Undo

Discard all local changes in your working directory:

$ git reset --hard HEAD

Get all the files out of the staging area(i.e. undo the last git add ):

$ git reset HEAD

Discard local changes in a specific file:

$ git checkout HEAD

Revert a commit (by producing a new commit with contrary changes):

$ git revert

Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and discard all changes since then:

$ git reset --hard

Reset your HEAD pointer to a remote branch current state.

git reset --hard e.g., upstream/master, origin/my-feature

Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and preserve all changes as unstaged changes:

$ git reset

Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit and preserve uncommitted local changes:

$ git reset --keep

Remove files that were accidentally committed before they were added to .gitignore

$ git rm -r --cached . $ git add . $ git commit -m "remove xyz file"

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Git-Flow

Index

• Setup
• Getting Started
• Features
• Make a Release
• Hotfixes
• Commands

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Setup

You need a working git installation as prerequisite. Git flow works on OSX, Linux and Windows.

OSX Homebrew:

$ brew install git-flow

OSX Macports:

$ port install git-flow

Linux (Debian-based):

$ apt-get install git-flow

Windows (Cygwin):

You need wget and util-linux to install git-flow.

$ wget -q -O - --no-check-certificate https://github.com/nvie/gitflow/raw/develop/contrib/gitflow-installer.sh | bash

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Getting Started

Git flow needs to be initialized in order to customize your project setup. Start using git-flow by initializing it inside an existing git repository:

Initialize:

You'll have to answer a few questions regarding the naming conventions for your branches. It's recommended to use the default values.

git flow init

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Features

Develop new features for upcoming releases. Typically exist in developers repos only.

Start a new feature:

This action creates a new feature branch based on 'develop' and switches to it.

git flow feature start MYFEATURE

Finish up a feature:

Finish the development of a feature. This action performs the following:

1)Merged MYFEATURE into 'develop'.

2)Removes the feature branch.

3)Switches back to 'develop' branch

git flow feature finish MYFEATURE

Publish a feature:

Are you developing a feature in collaboration? Publish a feature to the remote server so it can be used by other users.

git flow feature publish MYFEATURE

Getting a published feature:

Get a feature published by another user.

git flow feature pull origin MYFEATURE

Tracking a origin feature:

You can track a feature on origin by using

git flow feature track MYFEATURE

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Make a Release

Support preparation of a new production release. Allow for minor bug fixes and preparing meta-data for a release

Start a release:

To start a release, use the git flow release command. It creates a release branch created from the 'develop' branch. You can optionally supply a [BASE] commit sha-1 hash to start the release from. The commit must be on the 'develop' branch.

git flow release start RELEASE [BASE]

It's wise to publish the release branch after creating it to allow release commits by other developers. Do it similar to feature publishing with the command:

git flow release publish RELEASE

(You can track a remote release with the: git flow release track RELEASE command)

Finish up a release:

Finishing a release is one of the big steps in git branching. It performs several actions:

1)Merges the release branch back into 'master'

2)Tags the release with its name

3)Back-merges the release into 'develop'

4)Removes the release branch

git flow release finish RELEASE

Don't forget to push your tags with git push --tags

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Hotfixes

Hotfixes arise from the necessity to act immediately upon an undesired state of a live production version. May be branched off from the corresponding tag on the master branch that marks the production version.

Git flow hotfix start:

Like the other git flow commands, a hotfix is started with

$ git flow hotfix start VERSION [BASENAME]

The version argument hereby marks the new hotfix release name. Optionally you can specify a basename to start from.

Finish a hotfix:

By finishing a hotfix it gets merged back into develop and master. Additionally the master merge is tagged with the hotfix version

git flow hotfix finish VERSION

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Commands

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Git flow schema

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