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Running Linux GUI apps on Android using Ubuntu in proot Termux

This guide will show you how to run Linux GUI apps on your Android device using prooted Ubuntu 22.04, Magisk and Termux. GPU hardware acceleration configuration using virgl.

Please note that you need a rooted device with Magisk installed to follow this guide.

You will find how to create a Termux shortcut to run this fast, at the end.

Tested on:

  • Xiaomi POCO F2 PRO, Snapdragon 865 - Adreno 650, Android 12 - MIUI 14.0.1 - Kernel 4.19.157.

  • Huawei MatePad 10.4 2021, Kirin 810 - Mali-G52 - Android 10 - HarmonyOS.

Prerequisites

Instructions

Basic set up

Make sure Termux packages are updated:

pkg update -y && pkg upgrade -y

Optional: If you want, you can use ssh on your PC, port 8022:

pkg install -y openssh
passwd
sshd
ifconfig

Install required packages in Termux:

pkg install -y x11-repo
pkg update -y
pkg install -y pulseaudio virglrenderer-android proot-distro

Start virgl server for GPU hardware acceleration:

virgl_test_server_android &

Create a prooted Ubuntu:

proot-distro install ubuntu

Proot into the created Ubuntu distro:

Note: I use --no-sysvipc because of the BadShmSeg issue. --shared-tmp to have access to termux-x11 wayland socket inside proot.

proot-distro login ubuntu --user root --shared-tmp --no-sysvipc

Fix the debconf errors:

apt update -y && apt upgrade -y
apt install -y dialog apt-utils

Install necessary packages to run XFCE4, etc.:

apt install -y psmisc htop software-properties-common wget mesa-utils dbus-x11 xfce4 xfce4-terminal

Graphic environment

Xserver XSDL - fast set up

Optional: If you want to use Xserver XSDL app, then open app and inside proot:

export DISPLAY=:0 PULSE_SERVER=tcp:127.0.0.1:4713 
dbus-launch --exit-with-session startxfce4 &

Termux:X11 - recommended

If you want to use Termux:X11, exit proot:

exit

Unpack Termux:X11 latest zip from termux-x11 builds (click on a build and check Artifacts section) to a directory, e.g. Download/termux-x11, and install the .apk. Note: enable Termux:X11 notification from the phone apps settings.

Install Termux:X11 package inside Termux:

termux-setup-storage
pkg install -y xwayland
dpkg -i ~/storage/downloads/termux-x11/termux-x11*.deb
sed '/allow-external-apps/s/^# //' -i ~/.termux/termux.properties
termux-reload-settings

Open Termux:X11 app and, inside Termux:

XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=${TMPDIR} termux-x11 :0 -ac &

Start PulseAudio server:

pulseaudio --start --load="module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1" --exit-idle-time=-1
pacmd load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1

Go back to proot and launch XFCE4:

proot-distro login ubuntu --user root --shared-tmp --no-sysvipc
export DISPLAY=:0 PULSE_SERVER=tcp:127.0.0.1:4713
dbus-launch --exit-with-session startxfce4 &

Hardware acceleration

You should be able to run apps using virgl. Using mesa-utils to check for the actual rendering performance:

glxgears

For some apps, you need to specify MESA_GL_VERSION_OVERRIDE version:

GALLIUM_DRIVER=virpipe glxgears

If you need, for some reason, to compile mesa from source, check the Hardware Acceleration Resources at the bottom.

Termux:Widget shortcut

Create a startup script compatible with Termux:Widget app: Note: install Termux:API and pkg install termux-api if you want toast message.

mkdir .shortcuts
echo '#!/bin/sh
killall -9 termux-x11 Xwayland pulseaudio virgl_test_server_android
termux-wake-lock; termux-toast "Starting X11"
am start --user 0 -n com.termux.x11/com.termux.x11.MainActivity
XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=${TMPDIR} termux-x11 :0 -ac & 
sleep 3
pulseaudio --start --load="module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1" --exit-idle-time=-1
pacmd load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1
virgl_test_server_android &
proot-distro login ubuntu --user root --shared-tmp --no-sysvipc -- bash -c "export DISPLAY=:0 PULSE_SERVER=tcp:127.0.0.1:4713; dbus-launch --exit-with-session startxfce4"' > ~/.shortcuts/LaunchXFCE_proot

Create a kill script compatible with Termux:Widget app:

echo '#!/bin/sh
killall -9 termux-x11 Xwayland pulseaudio virgl_test_server_android
termux-wake-unlock; termux-toast "Stopping X11, virgl, etc."' > ~/.shortcuts/KillXFCE_proot

Optional: Create a start script for ssh server:

echo '#!/bin/sh
termux-wake-lock; sshd &
echo "Connect using device IP, 8022 port"' > ~/.shortcuts/StartSSHD

Add the Termux widget on your screen, from launcher widgets, so you can start everything with one touch.

Explore alternative hardware acceleration methods:

Check the Hardware Acceleration Resources.