CHEF-11234: update ruby base image to bullseye

[ahasunos]

Description

Related Issue

CHEF-11234: CI is breaking for inspec, inspec-gcp, and train due to issue with docker image used for the tests

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• Chore (non-breaking change that does not add functionality or fix an issue)

Checklist:

• I have read the CONTRIBUTING document.
• I have run the pre-merge tests locally and they pass.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have added tests to cover my changes.
• If Gemfile.lock has changed, I have used --conservative to do it and included the full output in the Description above.
• All new and existing tests passed.
• All commits have been signed-off for the Developer Certificate of Origin.

[ahasunos]

CI is breaking with error as: https://buildkite.com/chef/chef-chef-licensing-main-verify/builds/1413#018e9e3a-d397-4a42-98d3-8b504d3b276a with ruby image 3.1 bookworm
Example PR: #177