swift

#!/usr/bin/python -u
# Copyright (c) 2010-2012 OpenStack, LLC.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import socket

from errno import EEXIST, ENOENT
from hashlib import md5
from optparse import OptionParser
from os import environ, listdir, makedirs, utime
from os.path import basename, dirname, getmtime, getsize, isdir, join
from Queue import Empty, Queue
from sys import argv, exc_info, exit, stderr, stdout
from threading import enumerate as threading_enumerate, Thread
from time import sleep
from traceback import format_exception

from swiftclient import Connection, ClientException, HTTPException


def get_conn(options):
    """
    Return a connection building it from the options.
    """
    return Connection(options.auth,
                      options.user,
                      options.key,
                      snet=options.snet,
                      tenant_name=options.os_tenant_name,
                      auth_version=options.auth_version)


def mkdirs(path):
    try:
        makedirs(path)
    except OSError, err:
        if err.errno != EEXIST:
            raise


def put_errors_from_threads(threads, error_queue):
    """
    Places any errors from the threads into error_queue.
    :param threads: A list of QueueFunctionThread instances.
    :param error_queue: A queue to put error strings into.
    :returns: True if any errors were found.
    """
    was_error = False
    for thread in threads:
        for info in thread.exc_infos:
            was_error = True
            if isinstance(info[1], ClientException):
                error_queue.put(str(info[1]))
            else:
                error_queue.put(''.join(format_exception(*info)))
    return was_error


class QueueFunctionThread(Thread):

    def __init__(self, queue, func, *args, **kwargs):
        """ Calls func for each item in queue; func is called with a queued
            item as the first arg followed by *args and **kwargs. Use the abort
            attribute to have the thread empty the queue (without processing)
            and exit. """
        Thread.__init__(self)
        self.abort = False
        self.queue = queue
        self.func = func
        self.args = args
        self.kwargs = kwargs
        self.exc_infos = []

    def run(self):
        while True:
            try:
                item = self.queue.get_nowait()
            except Empty:
                if self.abort:
                    break
                sleep(0.01)
            else:
                try:
                    if not self.abort:
                        self.func(item, *self.args, **self.kwargs)
                except Exception:
                    self.exc_infos.append(exc_info())
                finally:
                    self.queue.task_done()

st_delete_help = '''
delete --all OR delete container [--leave-segments] [object] [object] ...
    Deletes everything in the account (with --all), or everything in a
    container, or a list of objects depending on the args given. Segments of
    manifest objects will be deleted as well, unless you specify the
    --leave-segments option.'''.strip('\n')


def st_delete(parser, args, print_queue, error_queue):
    parser.add_option('-a', '--all', action='store_true', dest='yes_all',
        default=False, help='Indicates that you really want to delete '
        'everything in the account')
    parser.add_option('', '--leave-segments', action='store_true',
        dest='leave_segments', default=False, help='Indicates that you want '
        'the segments of manifest objects left alone')
    (options, args) = parse_args(parser, args)
    args = args[1:]
    if (not args and not options.yes_all) or (args and options.yes_all):
        error_queue.put('Usage: %s [options] %s' %
                        (basename(argv[0]), st_delete_help))
        return

    def _delete_segment((container, obj), conn):
        conn.delete_object(container, obj)
        if options.verbose:
            if conn.attempts > 2:
                print_queue.put('%s/%s [after %d attempts]' %
                                (container, obj, conn.attempts))
            else:
                print_queue.put('%s/%s' % (container, obj))

    object_queue = Queue(10000)

    def _delete_object((container, obj), conn):
        try:
            old_manifest = None
            if not options.leave_segments:
                try:
                    old_manifest = conn.head_object(container, obj).get(
                        'x-object-manifest')
                except ClientException, err:
                    if err.http_status != 404:
                        raise
            conn.delete_object(container, obj)
            if old_manifest:
                segment_queue = Queue(10000)
                scontainer, sprefix = old_manifest.split('/', 1)
                for delobj in conn.get_container(scontainer,
                                                 prefix=sprefix)[1]:
                    segment_queue.put((scontainer, delobj['name']))
                if not segment_queue.empty():
                    segment_threads = [QueueFunctionThread(segment_queue,
                        _delete_segment, create_connection()) for _junk in
                        xrange(10)]
                    for thread in segment_threads:
                        thread.start()
                    while not segment_queue.empty():
                        sleep(0.01)
                    for thread in segment_threads:
                        thread.abort = True
                        while thread.isAlive():
                            thread.join(0.01)
                    put_errors_from_threads(segment_threads, error_queue)
            if options.verbose:
                path = options.yes_all and join(container, obj) or obj
                if path[:1] in ('/', '\\'):
                    path = path[1:]
                if conn.attempts > 1:
                    print_queue.put('%s [after %d attempts]' %
                                    (path, conn.attempts))
                else:
                    print_queue.put(path)
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Object %s not found' %
                            repr('%s/%s' % (container, obj)))

    container_queue = Queue(10000)

    def _delete_container(container, conn):
        try:
            marker = ''
            while True:
                objects = [o['name'] for o in
                           conn.get_container(container, marker=marker)[1]]
                if not objects:
                    break
                for obj in objects:
                    object_queue.put((container, obj))
                marker = objects[-1]
            while not object_queue.empty():
                sleep(0.01)
            attempts = 1
            while True:
                try:
                    conn.delete_container(container)
                    break
                except ClientException, err:
                    if err.http_status != 409:
                        raise
                    if attempts > 10:
                        raise
                    attempts += 1
                    sleep(1)
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Container %s not found' % repr(container))

    create_connection = lambda: get_conn(options)
    object_threads = [QueueFunctionThread(object_queue, _delete_object,
        create_connection()) for _junk in xrange(10)]
    for thread in object_threads:
        thread.start()
    container_threads = [QueueFunctionThread(container_queue,
        _delete_container, create_connection()) for _junk in xrange(10)]
    for thread in container_threads:
        thread.start()
    if not args:
        conn = create_connection()
        try:
            marker = ''
            while True:
                containers = \
                    [c['name'] for c in conn.get_account(marker=marker)[1]]
                if not containers:
                    break
                for container in containers:
                    container_queue.put(container)
                marker = containers[-1]
            while not container_queue.empty():
                sleep(0.01)
            while not object_queue.empty():
                sleep(0.01)
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Account not found')
    elif len(args) == 1:
        if '/' in args[0]:
            print >> stderr, 'WARNING: / in container name; you might have ' \
                             'meant %r instead of %r.' % \
                             (args[0].replace('/', ' ', 1), args[0])
        conn = create_connection()
        _delete_container(args[0], conn)
    else:
        for obj in args[1:]:
            object_queue.put((args[0], obj))
    while not container_queue.empty():
        sleep(0.01)
    for thread in container_threads:
        thread.abort = True
        while thread.isAlive():
            thread.join(0.01)
    put_errors_from_threads(container_threads, error_queue)
    while not object_queue.empty():
        sleep(0.01)
    for thread in object_threads:
        thread.abort = True
        while thread.isAlive():
            thread.join(0.01)
    put_errors_from_threads(object_threads, error_queue)


st_download_help = '''
download --all OR download container [options] [object] [object] ...
    Downloads everything in the account (with --all), or everything in a
    container, or a list of objects depending on the args given. For a single
    object download, you may use the -o [--output] <filename> option to
    redirect the output to a specific file or if "-" then just redirect to
    stdout.'''.strip('\n')


def st_download(parser, args, print_queue, error_queue):
    parser.add_option('-a', '--all', action='store_true', dest='yes_all',
        default=False, help='Indicates that you really want to download '
        'everything in the account')
    parser.add_option('-m', '--marker', dest='marker',
        default='', help='Marker to use when starting a container or '
        'account download')
    parser.add_option('-o', '--output', dest='out_file', help='For a single '
        'file download, stream the output to an alternate location ')
    (options, args) = parse_args(parser, args)
    args = args[1:]
    if options.out_file == '-':
        options.verbose = 0
    if options.out_file and len(args) != 2:
        exit('-o option only allowed for single file downloads')
    if (not args and not options.yes_all) or (args and options.yes_all):
        error_queue.put('Usage: %s [options] %s' %
                        (basename(argv[0]), st_download_help))
        return

    object_queue = Queue(10000)

    def _download_object(queue_arg, conn):
        if len(queue_arg) == 2:
            container, obj = queue_arg
            out_file = None
        elif len(queue_arg) == 3:
            container, obj, out_file = queue_arg
        else:
            raise Exception("Invalid queue_arg length of %s" % len(queue_arg))
        try:
            headers, body = \
                conn.get_object(container, obj, resp_chunk_size=65536)
            content_type = headers.get('content-type')
            if 'content-length' in headers:
                content_length = int(headers.get('content-length'))
            else:
                content_length = None
            etag = headers.get('etag')
            path = options.yes_all and join(container, obj) or obj
            if path[:1] in ('/', '\\'):
                path = path[1:]
            md5sum = None
            make_dir = out_file != "-"
            if content_type.split(';', 1)[0] == 'text/directory':
                if make_dir and not isdir(path):
                    mkdirs(path)
                read_length = 0
                if 'x-object-manifest' not in headers:
                    md5sum = md5()
                for chunk in body:
                    read_length += len(chunk)
                    if md5sum:
                        md5sum.update(chunk)
            else:
                dirpath = dirname(path)
                if make_dir and dirpath and not isdir(dirpath):
                    mkdirs(dirpath)
                if out_file == "-":
                    fp = stdout
                elif out_file:
                    fp = open(out_file, 'wb')
                else:
                    fp = open(path, 'wb')
                read_length = 0
                if 'x-object-manifest' not in headers:
                    md5sum = md5()
                for chunk in body:
                    fp.write(chunk)
                    read_length += len(chunk)
                    if md5sum:
                        md5sum.update(chunk)
                fp.close()
            if md5sum and md5sum.hexdigest() != etag:
                error_queue.put('%s: md5sum != etag, %s != %s' %
                                (path, md5sum.hexdigest(), etag))
            if content_length is not None and read_length != content_length:
                error_queue.put('%s: read_length != content_length, %d != %d' %
                                (path, read_length, content_length))
            if 'x-object-meta-mtime' in headers and not options.out_file:
                mtime = float(headers['x-object-meta-mtime'])
                utime(path, (mtime, mtime))
            if options.verbose:
                if conn.attempts > 1:
                    print_queue.put('%s [after %d attempts' %
                                    (path, conn.attempts))
                else:
                    print_queue.put(path)
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Object %s not found' %
                            repr('%s/%s' % (container, obj)))

    container_queue = Queue(10000)

    def _download_container(container, conn):
        try:
            marker = options.marker
            while True:
                objects = [o['name'] for o in
                           conn.get_container(container, marker=marker)[1]]
                if not objects:
                    break
                for obj in objects:
                    object_queue.put((container, obj))
                marker = objects[-1]
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Container %s not found' % repr(container))

    create_connection = lambda: get_conn(options)
    object_threads = [QueueFunctionThread(object_queue, _download_object,
        create_connection()) for _junk in xrange(10)]
    for thread in object_threads:
        thread.start()
    container_threads = [QueueFunctionThread(container_queue,
        _download_container, create_connection()) for _junk in xrange(10)]
    for thread in container_threads:
        thread.start()
    if not args:
        conn = create_connection()
        try:
            marker = options.marker
            while True:
                containers = [c['name']
                              for c in conn.get_account(marker=marker)[1]]
                if not containers:
                    break
                for container in containers:
                    container_queue.put(container)
                marker = containers[-1]
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Account not found')
    elif len(args) == 1:
        if '/' in args[0]:
            print >> stderr, 'WARNING: / in container name; you might have ' \
                             'meant %r instead of %r.' % \
                             (args[0].replace('/', ' ', 1), args[0])
        _download_container(args[0], create_connection())
    else:
        if len(args) == 2:
            obj = args[1]
            object_queue.put((args[0], obj, options.out_file))
        else:
            for obj in args[1:]:
                object_queue.put((args[0], obj))
    while not container_queue.empty():
        sleep(0.01)
    for thread in container_threads:
        thread.abort = True
        while thread.isAlive():
            thread.join(0.01)
    put_errors_from_threads(container_threads, error_queue)
    while not object_queue.empty():
        sleep(0.01)
    for thread in object_threads:
        thread.abort = True
        while thread.isAlive():
            thread.join(0.01)
    put_errors_from_threads(object_threads, error_queue)


st_list_help = '''
list [options] [container]
    Lists the containers for the account or the objects for a container. -p or
    --prefix is an option that will only list items beginning with that prefix.
    -d or --delimiter is option (for container listings only) that will roll up
    items with the given delimiter (see Cloud Files general documentation for
    what this means).
'''.strip('\n')


def st_list(parser, args, print_queue, error_queue):
    parser.add_option('-p', '--prefix', dest='prefix', help='Will only list '
        'items beginning with the prefix')
    parser.add_option('-d', '--delimiter', dest='delimiter', help='Will roll '
        'up items with the given delimiter (see Cloud Files general '
        'documentation for what this means)')
    (options, args) = parse_args(parser, args)
    args = args[1:]
    if options.delimiter and not args:
        exit('-d option only allowed for container listings')
    if len(args) > 1:
        error_queue.put('Usage: %s [options] %s' %
                        (basename(argv[0]), st_list_help))
        return

    conn = get_conn(options)
    try:
        marker = ''
        while True:
            if not args:
                items = \
                    conn.get_account(marker=marker, prefix=options.prefix)[1]
            else:
                items = conn.get_container(args[0], marker=marker,
                    prefix=options.prefix, delimiter=options.delimiter)[1]
            if not items:
                break
            for item in items:
                print_queue.put(item.get('name', item.get('subdir')))
            marker = items[-1].get('name', items[-1].get('subdir'))
    except ClientException, err:
        if err.http_status != 404:
            raise
        if not args:
            error_queue.put('Account not found')
        else:
            error_queue.put('Container %s not found' % repr(args[0]))


st_stat_help = '''
stat [container] [object]
    Displays information for the account, container, or object depending on the
    args given (if any).'''.strip('\n')


def st_stat(parser, args, print_queue, error_queue):
    (options, args) = parse_args(parser, args)
    args = args[1:]
    conn = get_conn(options)
    if not args:
        try:
            headers = conn.head_account()
            if options.verbose > 1:
                print_queue.put('''
StorageURL: %s
Auth Token: %s
'''.strip('\n') % (conn.url, conn.token))
            container_count = int(headers.get('x-account-container-count', 0))
            object_count = int(headers.get('x-account-object-count', 0))
            bytes_used = int(headers.get('x-account-bytes-used', 0))
            print_queue.put('''
   Account: %s
Containers: %d
   Objects: %d
     Bytes: %d'''.strip('\n') % (conn.url.rsplit('/', 1)[-1], container_count,
                                 object_count, bytes_used))
            for key, value in headers.items():
                if key.startswith('x-account-meta-'):
                    print_queue.put('%10s: %s' % ('Meta %s' %
                        key[len('x-account-meta-'):].title(), value))
            for key, value in headers.items():
                if not key.startswith('x-account-meta-') and key not in (
                        'content-length', 'date', 'x-account-container-count',
                        'x-account-object-count', 'x-account-bytes-used'):
                    print_queue.put(
                        '%10s: %s' % (key.title(), value))
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Account not found')
    elif len(args) == 1:
        if '/' in args[0]:
            print >> stderr, 'WARNING: / in container name; you might have ' \
                             'meant %r instead of %r.' % \
                             (args[0].replace('/', ' ', 1), args[0])
        try:
            headers = conn.head_container(args[0])
            object_count = int(headers.get('x-container-object-count', 0))
            bytes_used = int(headers.get('x-container-bytes-used', 0))
            print_queue.put('''
  Account: %s
Container: %s
  Objects: %d
    Bytes: %d
 Read ACL: %s
Write ACL: %s
  Sync To: %s
 Sync Key: %s'''.strip('\n') % (conn.url.rsplit('/', 1)[-1], args[0],
                                object_count, bytes_used,
                                headers.get('x-container-read', ''),
                                headers.get('x-container-write', ''),
                                headers.get('x-container-sync-to', ''),
                                headers.get('x-container-sync-key', '')))
            for key, value in headers.items():
                if key.startswith('x-container-meta-'):
                    print_queue.put('%9s: %s' % ('Meta %s' %
                        key[len('x-container-meta-'):].title(), value))
            for key, value in headers.items():
                if not key.startswith('x-container-meta-') and key not in (
                        'content-length', 'date', 'x-container-object-count',
                        'x-container-bytes-used', 'x-container-read',
                        'x-container-write', 'x-container-sync-to',
                        'x-container-sync-key'):
                    print_queue.put(
                        '%9s: %s' % (key.title(), value))
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Container %s not found' % repr(args[0]))
    elif len(args) == 2:
        try:
            headers = conn.head_object(args[0], args[1])
            print_queue.put('''
       Account: %s
     Container: %s
        Object: %s
  Content Type: %s'''.strip('\n') % (conn.url.rsplit('/', 1)[-1], args[0],
                                     args[1], headers.get('content-type')))
            if 'content-length' in headers:
                print_queue.put('Content Length: %s' %
                                headers['content-length'])
            if 'last-modified' in headers:
                print_queue.put(' Last Modified: %s' %
                                headers['last-modified'])
            if 'etag' in headers:
                print_queue.put('          ETag: %s' % headers['etag'])
            if 'x-object-manifest' in headers:
                print_queue.put('      Manifest: %s' %
                                headers['x-object-manifest'])
            for key, value in headers.items():
                if key.startswith('x-object-meta-'):
                    print_queue.put('%14s: %s' % ('Meta %s' %
                        key[len('x-object-meta-'):].title(), value))
            for key, value in headers.items():
                if not key.startswith('x-object-meta-') and key not in (
                        'content-type', 'content-length', 'last-modified',
                        'etag', 'date', 'x-object-manifest'):
                    print_queue.put(
                        '%14s: %s' % (key.title(), value))
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Object %s not found' %
                            repr('%s/%s' % (args[0], args[1])))
    else:
        error_queue.put('Usage: %s [options] %s' %
                        (basename(argv[0]), st_stat_help))


st_post_help = '''
post [options] [container] [object]
    Updates meta information for the account, container, or object depending on
    the args given. If the container is not found, it will be created
    automatically; but this is not true for accounts and objects. Containers
    also allow the -r (or --read-acl) and -w (or --write-acl) options. The -m
    or --meta option is allowed on all and used to define the user meta data
    items to set in the form Name:Value. This option can be repeated. Example:
    post -m Color:Blue -m Size:Large'''.strip('\n')


def st_post(parser, args, print_queue, error_queue):
    parser.add_option('-r', '--read-acl', dest='read_acl', help='Sets the '
        'Read ACL for containers. Quick summary of ACL syntax: .r:*, '
        '.r:-.example.com, .r:www.example.com, account1, account2:user2')
    parser.add_option('-w', '--write-acl', dest='write_acl', help='Sets the '
        'Write ACL for containers. Quick summary of ACL syntax: account1, '
        'account2:user2')
    parser.add_option('-t', '--sync-to', dest='sync_to', help='Sets the '
        'Sync To for containers, for multi-cluster replication.')
    parser.add_option('-k', '--sync-key', dest='sync_key', help='Sets the '
        'Sync Key for containers, for multi-cluster replication.')
    parser.add_option('-m', '--meta', action='append', dest='meta', default=[],
        help='Sets a meta data item with the syntax name:value. This option '
        'may be repeated. Example: -m Color:Blue -m Size:Large')
    (options, args) = parse_args(parser, args)
    args = args[1:]
    if (options.read_acl or options.write_acl or options.sync_to or
        options.sync_key) and not args:
        exit('-r, -w, -t, and -k options only allowed for containers')
    conn = get_conn(options)
    if not args:
        headers = split_headers(options.meta, 'X-Account-Meta-', error_queue)
        try:
            conn.post_account(headers=headers)
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Account not found')
    elif len(args) == 1:
        if '/' in args[0]:
            print >> stderr, 'WARNING: / in container name; you might have ' \
                             'meant %r instead of %r.' % \
                             (args[0].replace('/', ' ', 1), args[0])
        headers = split_headers(options.meta, 'X-Container-Meta-', error_queue)
        if options.read_acl is not None:
            headers['X-Container-Read'] = options.read_acl
        if options.write_acl is not None:
            headers['X-Container-Write'] = options.write_acl
        if options.sync_to is not None:
            headers['X-Container-Sync-To'] = options.sync_to
        if options.sync_key is not None:
            headers['X-Container-Sync-Key'] = options.sync_key
        try:
            conn.post_container(args[0], headers=headers)
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            conn.put_container(args[0], headers=headers)
    elif len(args) == 2:
        headers = split_headers(options.meta, 'X-Object-Meta-', error_queue)
        try:
            conn.post_object(args[0], args[1], headers=headers)
        except ClientException, err:
            if err.http_status != 404:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Object %s not found' %
                            repr('%s/%s' % (args[0], args[1])))
    else:
        error_queue.put('Usage: %s [options] %s' %
                        (basename(argv[0]), st_post_help))


st_upload_help = '''
upload [options] container file_or_directory [file_or_directory] [...]
    Uploads to the given container the files and directories specified by the
    remaining args. -c or --changed is an option that will only upload files
    that have changed since the last upload. -S <size> or --segment-size <size>
    and --leave-segments are options as well (see --help for more).
'''.strip('\n')


def st_upload(parser, args, print_queue, error_queue):
    parser.add_option('-c', '--changed', action='store_true', dest='changed',
        default=False, help='Will only upload files that have changed since '
        'the last upload')
    parser.add_option('-S', '--segment-size', dest='segment_size', help='Will '
        'upload files in segments no larger than <size> and then create a '
        '"manifest" file that will download all the segments as if it were '
        'the original file. The segments will be uploaded to a '
        '<container>_segments container so as to not pollute the main '
        '<container> listings.')
    parser.add_option('', '--leave-segments', action='store_true',
        dest='leave_segments', default=False, help='Indicates that you want '
        'the older segments of manifest objects left alone (in the case of '
        'overwrites)')
    (options, args) = parse_args(parser, args)
    args = args[1:]
    if len(args) < 2:
        error_queue.put('Usage: %s [options] %s' %
                        (basename(argv[0]), st_upload_help))
        return
    object_queue = Queue(10000)

    def _segment_job(job, conn):
        if job.get('delete', False):
            conn.delete_object(job['container'], job['obj'])
        else:
            fp = open(job['path'], 'rb')
            fp.seek(job['segment_start'])
            conn.put_object(job.get('container', args[0] + '_segments'),
                job['obj'], fp, content_length=job['segment_size'])
        if options.verbose and 'log_line' in job:
            if conn.attempts > 1:
                print_queue.put('%s [after %d attempts]' %
                                (job['log_line'], conn.attempts))
            else:
                print_queue.put(job['log_line'])

    def _object_job(job, conn):
        path = job['path']
        container = job.get('container', args[0])
        dir_marker = job.get('dir_marker', False)
        try:
            obj = path
            if obj.startswith('./') or obj.startswith('.\\'):
                obj = obj[2:]
            if obj.startswith('/'):
                obj = obj[1:]
            put_headers = {'x-object-meta-mtime': str(getmtime(path))}
            if dir_marker:
                if options.changed:
                    try:
                        headers = conn.head_object(container, obj)
                        ct = headers.get('content-type')
                        cl = int(headers.get('content-length'))
                        et = headers.get('etag')
                        mt = headers.get('x-object-meta-mtime')
                        if ct.split(';', 1)[0] == 'text/directory' and \
                                cl == 0 and \
                                et == 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' and \
                                mt == put_headers['x-object-meta-mtime']:
                            return
                    except ClientException, err:
                        if err.http_status != 404:
                            raise
                conn.put_object(container, obj, '', content_length=0,
                                content_type='text/directory',
                                headers=put_headers)
            else:
                # We need to HEAD all objects now in case we're overwriting a
                # manifest object and need to delete the old segments
                # ourselves.
                old_manifest = None
                if options.changed or not options.leave_segments:
                    try:
                        headers = conn.head_object(container, obj)
                        cl = int(headers.get('content-length'))
                        mt = headers.get('x-object-meta-mtime')
                        if options.changed and cl == getsize(path) and \
                                mt == put_headers['x-object-meta-mtime']:
                            return
                        if not options.leave_segments:
                            old_manifest = headers.get('x-object-manifest')
                    except ClientException, err:
                        if err.http_status != 404:
                            raise
                if options.segment_size and \
                        getsize(path) < options.segment_size:
                    full_size = getsize(path)
                    segment_queue = Queue(10000)
                    segment_threads = [QueueFunctionThread(segment_queue,
                        _segment_job, create_connection()) for _junk in
                        xrange(10)]
                    for thread in segment_threads:
                        thread.start()
                    segment = 0
                    segment_start = 0
                    while segment_start < full_size:
                        segment_size = int(options.segment_size)
                        if segment_start + segment_size > full_size:
                            segment_size = full_size - segment_start
                        segment_queue.put({'path': path,
                            'obj': '%s/%s/%s/%08d' % (obj,
                                put_headers['x-object-meta-mtime'], full_size,
                                segment),
                            'segment_start': segment_start,
                            'segment_size': segment_size,
                            'log_line': '%s segment %s' % (obj, segment)})
                        segment += 1
                        segment_start += segment_size
                    while not segment_queue.empty():
                        sleep(0.01)
                    for thread in segment_threads:
                        thread.abort = True
                        while thread.isAlive():
                            thread.join(0.01)
                    if put_errors_from_threads(segment_threads, error_queue):
                        raise ClientException('Aborting manifest creation '
                            'because not all segments could be uploaded. %s/%s'
                            % (container, obj))
                    new_object_manifest = '%s_segments/%s/%s/%s/' % (
                        container, obj, put_headers['x-object-meta-mtime'],
                        full_size)
                    if old_manifest == new_object_manifest:
                        old_manifest = None
                    put_headers['x-object-manifest'] = new_object_manifest
                    conn.put_object(container, obj, '', content_length=0,
                                    headers=put_headers)
                else:
                    conn.put_object(container, obj, open(path, 'rb'),
                        content_length=getsize(path), headers=put_headers)
                if old_manifest:
                    segment_queue = Queue(10000)
                    scontainer, sprefix = old_manifest.split('/', 1)
                    for delobj in conn.get_container(scontainer,
                                                     prefix=sprefix)[1]:
                        segment_queue.put({'delete': True,
                            'container': scontainer, 'obj': delobj['name']})
                    if not segment_queue.empty():
                        segment_threads = [QueueFunctionThread(segment_queue,
                            _segment_job, create_connection()) for _junk in
                            xrange(10)]
                        for thread in segment_threads:
                            thread.start()
                        while not segment_queue.empty():
                            sleep(0.01)
                        for thread in segment_threads:
                            thread.abort = True
                            while thread.isAlive():
                                thread.join(0.01)
                        put_errors_from_threads(segment_threads, error_queue)
            if options.verbose:
                if conn.attempts > 1:
                    print_queue.put(
                        '%s [after %d attempts]' % (obj, conn.attempts))
                else:
                    print_queue.put(obj)
        except OSError, err:
            if err.errno != ENOENT:
                raise
            error_queue.put('Local file %s not found' % repr(path))

    def _upload_dir(path):
        names = listdir(path)
        if not names:
            object_queue.put({'path': path, 'dir_marker': True})
        else:
            for name in listdir(path):
                subpath = join(path, name)
                if isdir(subpath):
                    _upload_dir(subpath)
                else:
                    object_queue.put({'path': subpath})

    create_connection = lambda: get_conn(options)
    object_threads = [QueueFunctionThread(object_queue, _object_job,
        create_connection()) for _junk in xrange(10)]
    for thread in object_threads:
        thread.start()
    conn = create_connection()
    # Try to create the container, just in case it doesn't exist. If this
    # fails, it might just be because the user doesn't have container PUT
    # permissions, so we'll ignore any error. If there's really a problem,
    # it'll surface on the first object PUT.
    try:
        conn.put_container(args[0])
        if options.segment_size is not None:
            conn.put_container(args[0] + '_segments')
    except ClientException, err:
        msg = ' '.join(str(x) for x in (err.http_status, err.http_reason))
        if err.http_response_content:
            if msg:
                msg += ': '
            msg += err.http_response_content[:60]
        error_queue.put(
            'Error trying to create container %r: %s' % (args[0], msg))
    except Exception, err:
        error_queue.put(
            'Error trying to create container %r: %s' % (args[0], err))
    try:
        for arg in args[1:]:
            if isdir(arg):
                _upload_dir(arg)
            else:
                object_queue.put({'path': arg})
        while not object_queue.empty():
            sleep(0.01)
        for thread in object_threads:
            thread.abort = True
            while thread.isAlive():
                thread.join(0.01)
        put_errors_from_threads(object_threads, error_queue)
    except ClientException, err:
        if err.http_status != 404:
            raise
        error_queue.put('Account not found')


def split_headers(options, prefix='', error_queue=None):
    """
    Splits 'Key: Value' strings and returns them as a dictionary.

    :param options: An array of 'Key: Value' strings
    :param prefix: String to prepend to all of the keys in the dictionary.
    :param error_queue: Queue for thread safe error reporting.
    """
    headers = {}
    for item in options:
        split_item = item.split(':', 1)
        if len(split_item) == 2:
            headers[prefix + split_item[0]] = split_item[1]
        else:
            error_string = "Metadata parameter %s must contain a ':'.\n%s" \
                           % (item, st_post_help)
            if error_queue != None:
                error_queue.put(error_string)
            else:
                exit(error_string)
    return headers


def parse_args(parser, args, enforce_requires=True):
    if not args:
        args = ['-h']
    (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args)

    if (not (options.auth and options.user and options.key) or
        options.os_auth_url):
        # Use 2.0 auth if none of the old args are present
        options.auth_version = '2.0'

    if options.auth_version in ('2.0', '2') and not \
            options.os_tenant_name and options.user and \
            ':' in options.user:
        (options.os_tenant_name,
         options.os_username) = options.user.split(':')
        options.user = options.os_username

    # Use new-style args if old ones not present
    if not options.auth and options.os_auth_url:
        options.auth = options.os_auth_url
    if not options.user and options.os_username:
        options.user = options.os_username
    if not options.key and options.os_password:
        options.key = options.os_password

    # Handle trailing '/' in URL
    if options.auth and not options.auth.endswith('/'):
        options.auth += '/'

    if enforce_requires and \
            not (options.auth and options.user and options.key):
        exit('''
Auth version 1.0 requires ST_AUTH, ST_USER, and ST_KEY environment variables
to be set or overridden with -A, -U, or -K.

Auth version 2.0 requires OS_AUTH_URL, OS_USERNAME, OS_PASSWORD, and
OS_TENANT_NAME to be set or overridden with --os_auth_url, --os_username,
--os_password, or --os_tenant_name.'''.strip('\n'))
    return options, args


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = OptionParser(version='%prog 1.0', usage='''
Usage: %%prog <command> [options] [args]

Commands:
  %(st_stat_help)s
  %(st_list_help)s
  %(st_upload_help)s
  %(st_post_help)s
  %(st_download_help)s
  %(st_delete_help)s

Example:
  %%prog -A https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0 -U user -K key stat
'''.strip('\n') % globals())
    parser.add_option('-s', '--snet', action='store_true', dest='snet',
                      default=False, help='Use SERVICENET internal network')
    parser.add_option('-v', '--verbose', action='count', dest='verbose',
                      default=1, help='Print more info')
    parser.add_option('-q', '--quiet', action='store_const', dest='verbose',
                      const=0, default=1, help='Suppress status output')
    parser.add_option('-A', '--auth', dest='auth',
                      default=environ.get('ST_AUTH'),
                      help='URL for obtaining an auth token')
    parser.add_option('-V', '--auth-version',
                      dest='auth_version',
                      default=environ.get('ST_AUTH_VERSION', '1.0'),
                      type=str,
                      help='Specify a version for authentication'\
                          '(default: 1.0)')
    parser.add_option('-U', '--user', dest='user',
                      default=environ.get('ST_USER'),
                      help='User name for obtaining an auth token')
    parser.add_option('-K', '--key', dest='key',
                      default=environ.get('ST_KEY'),
                      help='Key for obtaining an auth token')
    parser.add_option('--os_auth_url', dest='os_auth_url',
                      default=environ.get('OS_AUTH_URL'),
                      help='Openstack auth URL. Defaults to env[OS_AUTH_URL].')
    parser.add_option('--os_username', dest='os_username',
                      default=environ.get('OS_USERNAME'),
                      help='Openstack username. Defaults to env[OS_USERNAME].')
    parser.add_option('--os_tenant_name', dest='os_tenant_name',
                      default=environ.get('OS_TENANT_NAME'),
                      help='Openstack tenant name.' \
                           'Defaults to env[OS_TENANT_NAME].')
    parser.add_option('--os_password', dest='os_password',
                      default=environ.get('OS_PASSWORD'),
                      help='Openstack password. Defaults to env[OS_PASSWORD].')
    parser.disable_interspersed_args()
    (options, args) = parse_args(parser, argv[1:], enforce_requires=False)
    parser.enable_interspersed_args()

    commands = ('delete', 'download', 'list', 'post', 'stat', 'upload')
    if not args or args[0] not in commands:
        parser.print_usage()
        if args:
            exit('no such command: %s' % args[0])
        exit()

    print_queue = Queue(10000)

    def _print(item):
        if isinstance(item, unicode):
            item = item.encode('utf8')
        print item

    print_thread = QueueFunctionThread(print_queue, _print)
    print_thread.start()

    error_count = 0
    error_queue = Queue(10000)

    def _error(item):
        global error_count
        error_count += 1
        if isinstance(item, unicode):
            item = item.encode('utf8')
        print >> stderr, item

    error_thread = QueueFunctionThread(error_queue, _error)
    error_thread.start()

    try:
        parser.usage = globals()['st_%s_help' % args[0]]
        try:
            globals()['st_%s' % args[0]](parser, argv[1:], print_queue,
                                         error_queue)
        except (ClientException, HTTPException, socket.error), err:
            error_queue.put(str(err))
        while not print_queue.empty():
            sleep(0.01)
        print_thread.abort = True
        while print_thread.isAlive():
            print_thread.join(0.01)
        while not error_queue.empty():
            sleep(0.01)
        error_thread.abort = True
        while error_thread.isAlive():
            error_thread.join(0.01)
        if error_count:
            exit(1)
    except (SystemExit, Exception):
        for thread in threading_enumerate():
            thread.abort = True
        raise