Search doesn’t have to be hard. Let the dog do it.
“Bloodhound makes Elasticsearch almost tolerable!” - Almost-gruntled user
Elasticsearch >= 1.0 is recommended. Bloodhound mostly works with 0.9.x, but I don’t recommend it if you expect everything to work. As of Bloodhound 0.3 all >=1.0 versions of Elasticsearch work.
Current versions we test against are 1.0.3, 1.1.2, 1.2.3, and 1.3.2. We also check that GHC 7.6 and 7.8 both build and pass tests. See our [TravisCI](https://travis-ci.org/bitemyapp/bloodhound) to learn more.
Bloodhound is beta at the moment. We’ve got a solid library tested across multiple ES versions, but coverage of Elasticsearch functionality isn’t 100% yet.
http://hackage.haskell.org/package/bloodhound
-- Formatted for use in ghci, so there are "let"s in front of the decls.
-- if you see :{ and :}, they're so you can copy-paste
-- the multi-line examples into your ghci REPL.
:set -XDeriveGeneric
import Database.Bloodhound
import Data.Aeson
import Data.Either (Either(..))
import Data.Maybe (fromJust)
import Data.Time.Calendar (Day(..))
import Data.Time.Clock (secondsToDiffTime, UTCTime(..))
import Data.Text (Text)
import GHC.Generics (Generic)
import Network.HTTP.Conduit
import qualified Network.HTTP.Types.Status as NHTS
-- no trailing slashes in servers, library handles building the path.
let testServer = (Server "http://localhost:9200")
let testIndex = IndexName "twitter"
let testMapping = MappingName "tweet"
-- defaultIndexSettings is exported by Database.Bloodhound as well
let defaultIndexSettings = IndexSettings (ShardCount 3) (ReplicaCount 2)
-- createIndex returns IO Reply
-- response :: Reply, Reply is a synonym for Network.HTTP.Conduit.Response
response <- createIndex testServer defaultIndexSettings testIndex
-- response :: Reply
response <- deleteIndex testServer testIndex
-- print response if it was a success
Response {responseStatus = Status {statusCode = 200, statusMessage = "OK"}
, responseVersion = HTTP/1.1
, responseHeaders = [("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8")
, ("Content-Length", "21")]
, responseBody = "{\"acknowledged\":true}"
, responseCookieJar = CJ {expose = []}
, responseClose' = ResponseClose}
-- if the index to be deleted didn't exist anyway
Response {responseStatus = Status {statusCode = 404, statusMessage = "Not Found"}
, responseVersion = HTTP/1.1
, responseHeaders = [("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8")
, ("Content-Length","65")]
, responseBody = "{\"error\":\"IndexMissingException[[twitter] missing]\",\"status\":404}"
, responseCookieJar = CJ {expose = []}
, responseClose' = ResponseClose}
resp <- refreshIndex testServer testIndex
-- print resp on success
Response {responseStatus = Status {statusCode = 200, statusMessage = "OK"}
, responseVersion = HTTP/1.1
, responseHeaders = [("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8")
, ("Content-Length","50")]
, responseBody = "{\"_shards\":{\"total\":10,\"successful\":5,\"failed\":0}}"
, responseCookieJar = CJ {expose = []}
, responseClose' = ResponseClose}
-- don't forget imports and the like at the top.
data TweetMapping = TweetMapping deriving (Eq, Show)
-- I know writing the JSON manually sucks.
-- I don't have a proper data type for Mappings yet.
-- Let me know if this is something you need.
:{
instance ToJSON TweetMapping where
toJSON TweetMapping =
object ["tweet" .=
object ["properties" .=
object ["location" .=
object ["type" .= ("geo_point" :: Text)]]]]
:}
resp <- putMapping testServer testIndex testMapping TweetMapping
resp <- deleteMapping testServer testIndex testMapping
-- don't forget the imports and derive generic setting for ghci
-- at the beginning of the examples.
:{
data Location = Location { lat :: Double
, lon :: Double } deriving (Eq, Generic, Show)
data Tweet = Tweet { user :: Text
, postDate :: UTCTime
, message :: Text
, age :: Int
, location :: Location } deriving (Eq, Generic, Show)
exampleTweet = Tweet { user = "bitemyapp"
, postDate = UTCTime
(ModifiedJulianDay 55000)
(secondsToDiffTime 10)
, message = "Use haskell!"
, age = 10000
, location = Location 40.12 (-71.34) }
-- automagic (generic) derivation of instances because we're lazy.
instance ToJSON Tweet
instance FromJSON Tweet
instance ToJSON Location
instance FromJSON Location
:}
-- Should be able to toJSON and encode the data structures like this:
-- λ> toJSON $ Location 10.0 10.0
-- Object fromList [("lat",Number 10.0),("lon",Number 10.0)]
-- λ> encode $ Location 10.0 10.0
-- "{\"lat\":10,\"lon\":10}"
resp <- indexDocument testServer testIndex testMapping exampleTweet (DocId "1")
Response {responseStatus =
Status {statusCode = 200, statusMessage = "OK"}
, responseVersion = HTTP/1.1, responseHeaders =
[("Content-Type","application/json; charset=UTF-8"),
("Content-Length","75")]
, responseBody = "{\"_index\":\"twitter\",\"_type\":\"tweet\",\"_id\":\"1\",\"_version\":2,\"created\":false}"
, responseCookieJar = CJ {expose = []}, responseClose' = ResponseClose}
resp <- deleteDocument testServer testIndex testMapping (DocId "1")
-- n.b., you'll need the earlier imports. responseBody is from http-conduit
resp <- getDocument testServer testIndex testMapping (DocId "1")
-- responseBody :: Response body -> body
let body = responseBody resp
-- you have two options, you use decode and just get Maybe (EsResult Tweet)
-- or you can use eitherDecode and get Either String (EsResult Tweet)
let maybeResult = decode body :: Maybe (EsResult Tweet)
-- the explicit typing is so Aeson knows how to parse the JSON.
-- use either if you want to know why something failed to parse.
-- (string errors, sadly)
let eitherResult = decode body :: Either String (EsResult Tweet)
-- print eitherResult should look like:
Right (EsResult {_index = "twitter"
, _type = "tweet"
, _id = "1"
, _version = 2
, found = Just True
, _source = Tweet {user = "bitemyapp"
, postDate = 2009-06-18 00:00:10 UTC
, message = "Use haskell!"
, age = 10000
, location = Location {lat = 40.12, lon = -71.34}}})
-- _source in EsResult is parametric, we dispatch the type by passing in what we expect (Tweet) as a parameter to EsResult.
-- use the _source record accessor to get at your document
λ> fmap _source result
Right (Tweet {user = "bitemyapp"
, postDate = 2009-06-18 00:00:10 UTC
, message = "Use haskell!"
, age = 10000
, location = Location {lat = 40.12, lon = -71.34}})
-- don't forget the imports and derive generic setting for ghci
-- at the beginning of the examples.
:{
-- Using the earlier Tweet datatype and exampleTweet data
-- just changing up the data a bit.
let bulkTest = exampleTweet { user = "blah" }
let bulkTestTwo = exampleTweet { message = "woohoo!" }
-- create only bulk operation
-- BulkCreate :: IndexName -> MappingName -> DocId -> Value -> BulkOperation
let firstOp = BulkCreate testIndex
testMapping (DocId "3") (toJSON bulkTest)
-- index operation "create or update"
let sndOp = BulkIndex testIndex
testMapping (DocId "4") (toJSON bulkTestTwo)
-- Some explanation, the final "Value" type that BulkIndex,
-- BulkCreate, and BulkUpdate accept is the actual document
-- data that your operation applies to. BulkDelete doesn't
-- take a value because it's just deleting whatever DocId
-- you pass.
-- list of bulk operations
let stream = [firstDoc, secondDoc]
-- Fire off the actual bulk request
-- bulk :: Server -> [BulkOperation] -> IO Reply
resp <- bulk testServer stream
:}
-- exported by the Client module, just defaults some stuff.
-- mkSearch :: Maybe Query -> Maybe Filter -> Search
-- mkSearch query filter = Search query filter Nothing False 0 10
let query = TermQuery (Term "user" "bitemyapp") Nothing
-- AND'ing identity filter with itself and then tacking it onto a query
-- search should be a null-operation. I include it for the sake of example.
-- <||> (or/plus) should make it into a search that returns everything.
let filter = IdentityFilter <&&> IdentityFilter
-- constructing the search object the searchByIndex function dispatches on.
let search = mkSearch (Just query) (Just filter)
-- you can also searchByType and specify the mapping name.
reply <- searchByIndex testServer testIndex search
let result = eitherDecode (responseBody reply) :: Either String (SearchResult Tweet)
λ> fmap (hits . searchHits) result
Right [Hit {hitIndex = IndexName "twitter"
, hitType = MappingName "tweet"
, hitDocId = DocId "1"
, hitScore = 0.30685282
, hitSource = Tweet {user = "bitemyapp"
, postDate = 2009-06-18 00:00:10 UTC
, message = "Use haskell!"
, age = 10000
, location = Location {lat = 40.12, lon = -71.34}}}]
let query = QueryMatchQuery $ mkMatchQuery (FieldName "user") (QueryString "bitemyapp")
let search = mkSearch (Just query) Nothing
let fields = [FieldName "user", FieldName "message"]
let query = QueryMultiMatchQuery $ mkMultiMatchQuery fields (QueryString "bitemyapp")
let search = mkSearch (Just query) Nothing
let innerQuery = QueryMatchQuery $
mkMatchQuery (FieldName "user") (QueryString "bitemyapp")
let query = QueryBoolQuery $
mkBoolQuery [innerQuery] [] []
let search = mkSearch (Just query) Nothing
let posQuery = QueryMatchQuery $
mkMatchQuery (FieldName "user") (QueryString "bitemyapp")
let negQuery = QueryMatchQuery $
mkMatchQuery (FieldName "user") (QueryString "notmyapp")
let query = QueryBoostingQuery $
BoostingQuery posQuery negQuery (Boost 0.2)
Just follow the pattern you’ve seen here and check the Hackage API documentation.
let sortSpec = DefaultSortSpec $ mkSort (FieldName "age") Ascending
-- mkSort is a shortcut function that takes a FieldName and a SortOrder
-- to generate a vanilla DefaultSort.
-- checkt the DefaultSort type for the full list of customizable options.
-- From and size are integers for pagination.
-- When sorting on a field, scores are not computed. By setting TrackSortScores to true, scores will still be computed and tracked.
-- type Sort = [SortSpec]
-- type TrackSortScores = Bool
-- type From = Int
-- type Size = Int
-- Search takes Maybe Query
-- -> Maybe Filter
-- -> Maybe Sort
-- -> TrackSortScores
-- -> From -> Size
-- just add more sortspecs to the list if you want tie-breakers.
let search = Search Nothing (Just IdentityFilter) (Just [sortSpec]) False 0 10
Filters form a monoid and seminearring.
instance Monoid Filter where
mempty = IdentityFilter
mappend a b = AndFilter [a, b] defaultCache
instance Seminearring Filter where
a <||> b = OrFilter [a, b] defaultCache
-- AndFilter and OrFilter take [Filter] as an argument.
-- This will return anything, because IdentityFilter returns everything
OrFilter [IdentityFilter, someOtherFilter] False
-- This will return exactly what someOtherFilter returns
AndFilter [IdentityFilter, someOtherFilter] False
-- Thanks to the seminearring and monoid, the above can be expressed as:
-- "and"
IdentityFilter <&&> someOtherFilter
-- "or"
IdentityFilter <||> someOtherFilter
-- Also there is a NotFilter, it only accepts a single filter, not a list.
NotFilter someOtherFilter False
-- And'ing two Identity
let queryFilter = IdentityFilter <&&> IdentityFilter
let search = mkSearch Nothing (Just queryFilter)
reply <- searchByType testServer testIndex testMapping search
Similar to boolean queries.
-- Will return only items whose "user" field contains the term "bitemyapp"
let queryFilter = BoolFilter (MustMatch (Term "user" "bitemyapp") False)
-- Will return only items whose "user" field does not contain the term "bitemyapp"
let queryFilter = BoolFilter (MustNotMatch (Term "user" "bitemyapp") False)
-- The clause (query) should appear in the matching document.
-- In a boolean query with no must clauses, one or more should
-- clauses must match a document. The minimum number of should
-- clauses to match can be set using the minimum_should_match parameter.
let queryFilter = BoolFilter (ShouldMatch [(Term "user" "bitemyapp")] False)
-- Will filter for documents that have the field "user"
let existsFilter = ExistsFilter (FieldName "user")
-- topLeft and bottomRight
let box = GeoBoundingBox (LatLon 40.73 (-74.1)) (LatLon 40.10 (-71.12))
let constraint = GeoBoundingBoxConstraint (FieldName "tweet.location") box False GeoFilterMemory
let geoPoint = GeoPoint (FieldName "tweet.location") (LatLon 40.12 (-71.34))
-- coefficient and units
let distance = Distance 10.0 Miles
-- GeoFilterType or NoOptimizeBbox
let optimizeBbox = OptimizeGeoFilterType GeoFilterMemory
-- SloppyArc is the usual/default optimization in Elasticsearch today
-- but pre-1.0 versions will need to pick Arc or Plane.
let geoFilter = GeoDistanceFilter geoPoint distance SloppyArc optimizeBbox False
Think of a donut and you won’t be far off.
let geoPoint = GeoPoint (FieldName "tweet.location") (LatLon 40.12 (-71.34))
let distanceRange = DistanceRange (Distance 0.0 Miles) (Distance 10.0 Miles)
let geoFilter = GeoDistanceRangeFilter geoPoint distanceRange
-- I think I drew a square here.
let points = [LatLon 40.0 (-70.00),
LatLon 40.0 (-72.00),
LatLon 41.0 (-70.00),
LatLon 41.0 (-72.00)]
let geoFilter = GeoPolygonFilter (FieldName "tweet.location") points
-- takes a mapping name and a list of DocIds
IdsFilter (MappingName "tweet") [DocId "1"]
-- RangeFilter :: FieldName
-- -> Either HalfRange Range
-- -> RangeExecution
-- -> Cache -> Filter
let filter = RangeFilter (FieldName "age")
(Right (RangeLtGt (LessThan 100000.0) (GreaterThan 1000.0)))
RangeExecutionIndex False
let filter = RangeFilter (FieldName "age")
(Left (HalfRangeLt (LessThan 100000.0)))
RangeExecutionIndex False
-- RegexpFilter
-- :: FieldName
-- -> Regexp
-- -> RegexpFlags
-- -> CacheName
-- -> Cache
-- -> CacheKey
-- -> Filter
let filter = RegexpFilter (FieldName "user") (Regexp "bite.*app")
AllRegexpFlags (CacheName "test") False (CacheKey "key")
-- n.b.
-- data RegexpFlags = AllRegexpFlags
-- | NoRegexpFlags
-- | SomeRegexpFlags (NonEmpty RegexpFlag) deriving (Eq, Show)
-- data RegexpFlag = AnyString
-- | Automaton
-- | Complement
-- | Empty
-- | Intersection
-- | Interval deriving (Eq, Show)
Beginning here: http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-span-first-query.html
Might require TCP support.
Pretend to be a transport client?
Might require making a lucene index on disk with the appropriate format.
http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-geo-shape-query.html
http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-indices-filter.html
http://www.elasticsearch.org/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/query-dsl-query-filter.html
The Seminearring instance, if deeply nested can possibly produce nested structure that is redundant. Depending on how this affects ES perforamnce, reducing this structure might be valuable.
check for n > 1 occurrences in DFS:
http://hackage.haskell.org/package/stable-maps-0.0.5/docs/System-Mem-StableName-Dynamic.html
http://hackage.haskell.org/package/stable-maps-0.0.5/docs/System-Mem-StableName-Dynamic-Map.html
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