[Security] Bump puma from 3.12.1 to 4.3.8

[dependabot-preview]

Bumps puma from 3.12.1 to 4.3.8. This update includes security fixes.

Vulnerabilities fixed

Sourced from The GitHub Security Advisory Database.

Moderate severity vulnerability that affects puma

Keepalive thread overload/DoS

Impact

A poorly-behaved client could use keepalive requests to monopolize Puma's reactor and create a denial of service attack.

If more keepalive connections to Puma are opened than there are threads available, additional connections will wait permanently if the attacker sends requests frequently enough.

Patches

This vulnerability is patched in Puma 4.3.1 and 3.12.2.

Workarounds

Reverse proxies in front of Puma could be configured to always allow less than X keepalive connections to a Puma cluster or process, where X is the number of threads configured in Puma's thread pool.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

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Affected versions: < 3.12.2

Sourced from The Ruby Advisory Database.

Keepalive thread overload/DoS in puma A poorly-behaved client could use keepalive requests to monopolize Puma's reactor and create a denial of service attack.

If more keepalive connections to Puma are opened than there are threads available, additional connections will wait permanently if the attacker sends requests frequently enough.

Patched versions: ~> 3.12.2; >= 4.3.1 Unaffected versions: none

Sourced from The GitHub Security Advisory Database.

Moderate severity vulnerability that affects puma In Puma (RubyGem) before 4.3.2 and 3.12.2, if an application using Puma allows untrusted input in a response header, an attacker can use newline characters (i.e. CR, LF or/r, /n) to end the header and inject malicious content, such as additional headers or an entirely new response body. This vulnerability is known as HTTP Response Splitting.

While not an attack in itself, response splitting is a vector for several other attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS).

This is related to CVE-2019-16254, which fixed this vulnerability for the WEBrick Ruby web server.

This has been fixed in versions 4.3.2 and 3.12.3 by checking all headers for line endings and rejecting headers with those characters.

Affected versions: < 3.12.3

Sourced from The Ruby Advisory Database.

HTTP Response Splitting vulnerability in puma If an application using Puma allows untrusted input in a response header, an attacker can use newline characters (i.e. CR, LF) to end the header and inject malicious content, such as additional headers or an entirely new response body. This vulnerability is known as HTTP Response Splitting.

While not an attack in itself, response splitting is a vector for several other attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS).

Patched versions: ~> 3.12.4; >= 4.3.3 Unaffected versions: none

Sourced from The GitHub Security Advisory Database.

Moderate severity vulnerability that affects puma

Impact

If an application using Puma allows untrusted input in an early-hints header, an attacker can use a carriage return character to end the header and inject malicious content, such as additional headers or an entirely new response body. This vulnerability is known as HTTP Response Splitting

While not an attack in itself, response splitting is a vector for several other attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS).

This is related to CVE-2020-5247, which fixed this vulnerability but only for regular responses.

Patches

This has been fixed in 4.3.3 and 3.12.4.

Workarounds

Users can not allow untrusted/user input in the Early Hints response header.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

• Open an issue in puma
• Email us a project maintainer. Email addresses are listed in our Code of Conduct.

Affected versions: < 3.12.4

Sourced from The GitHub Security Advisory Database.

HTTP Smuggling via Transfer-Encoding Header in Puma

Impact

This is a similar but different vulnerability to the one patched in 3.12.5 and 4.3.4.

A client could smuggle a request through a proxy, causing the proxy to send a response back to another unknown client.

If the proxy uses persistent connections and the client adds another request in via HTTP pipelining, the proxy may mistake it as the first request's body. Puma, however, would see it as two requests, and when processing the second request, send back a response that the proxy does not expect. If the proxy has reused the persistent connection to Puma to send another request for a different client, the second response from the first client will be sent to the second client.

Patches

The problem has been fixed in Puma 3.12.6 and Puma 4.3.5.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

• Open an issue in Puma
• See our security policy

Affected versions: < 3.12.6

Sourced from The GitHub Security Advisory Database.

HTTP Smuggling via Transfer-Encoding Header in Puma

Impact

By using an invalid transfer-encoding header, an attacker could smuggle an HTTP response.

Originally reported by @​ZeddYu, who has our thanks for the detailed report.

Patches

The problem has been fixed in Puma 3.12.5 and Puma 4.3.4.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

• Open an issue in Puma
• See our security policy

Affected versions: < 3.12.5

Sourced from The Ruby Advisory Database.

HTTP Smuggling via Transfer-Encoding Header in Puma

Impact

By using an invalid transfer-encoding header, an attacker could smuggle an HTTP response.

Patches

The problem has been fixed in Puma 3.12.5 and Puma 4.3.4.

Patched versions: ~> 3.12.5; >= 4.3.4 Unaffected versions: none

Sourced from The Ruby Advisory Database.

HTTP Smuggling via Transfer-Encoding Header in Puma

Impact

This is a similar but different vulnerability to the one patched in 3.12.5 and 4.3.4.

A client could smuggle a request through a proxy, causing the proxy to send a response back to another unknown client.

If the proxy uses persistent connections and the client adds another request in via HTTP pipelining, the proxy may mistake it as the first request's body. Puma, however, would see it as two requests, and when processing the second request, send back a response that the proxy does not expect. If the proxy has reused the persistent connection to Puma to send another request for a different client, the second response from the first client will be sent to the second client.

Patches

The problem has been fixed in Puma 3.12.6 and Puma 4.3.5.

Patched versions: ~> 3.12.6; >= 4.3.5 Unaffected versions: none

Sourced from The Ruby Advisory Database.

HTTP Response Splitting (Early Hints) in Puma

Impact

If an application using Puma allows untrusted input in an early-hints header, an attacker can use a carriage return character to end the header and inject malicious content, such as additional headers or an entirely new response body. This vulnerability is known as HTTP Response Splitting

While not an attack in itself, response splitting is a vector for several other attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS).

This is related to CVE-2020-5247, which fixed this vulnerability but only for regular responses.

Patches

This has been fixed in 4.3.3 and 3.12.4.

Workarounds

Users can not allow untrusted/user input in the Early Hints response header.

Patched versions: ~> 3.12.4; >= 4.3.3 Unaffected versions: none

Sourced from The Ruby Advisory Database.

HTTP Response Splitting vulnerability in puma If an application using Puma allows untrusted input in a response header, an attacker can use newline characters (i.e. CR, LF) to end the header and inject malicious content, such as additional headers or an entirely new response body. This vulnerability is known as HTTP Response Splitting.

While not an attack in itself, response splitting is a vector for several other attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS).

Patched versions: ~> 3.12.4; >= 4.3.3 Unaffected versions: none

Sourced from The GitHub Security Advisory Database.

Keepalive Connections Causing Denial Of Service in puma This vulnerability is related to CVE-2019-16770.

Impact

The fix for CVE-2019-16770 was incomplete. The original fix only protected existing connections that had already been accepted from having their requests starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in the same process. However, new connections may still be starved by greedy persistent-connections saturating all threads in all processes in the cluster.

A puma server which received more concurrent keep-alive connections than the server had threads in its threadpool would service only a subset of connections, denying service to the unserved connections.

Patches

This problem has been fixed in puma 4.3.8 and 5.3.1.

Workarounds

Setting queue_requests false also fixes the issue. This is not advised when using puma without a reverse proxy, such as nginx or apache, because you will open yourself to slow client attacks (e.g. slowloris).

The fix is very small. A git patch is available here for those using unsupported versions of Puma.

For more information

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Affected versions: <= 4.3.7

Release notes

Sourced from puma's releases.

v4.3.8

• Security
  • Close keepalive connections after the maximum number of fast inlined requests (#2625)

v4.3.6

puma/puma@v4.3.5...4.3.6

A quick fix for a build error on Mac OS and a JSON require fix for those using phased restart.

• Explicitly include ctype.h to fix compilation warning and build error on macOS with Xcode 12 (#2304)
• Don't require json at boot (#2269)

v4.3.0 - Mysterious Traveller

Mysterious Traveller

• Features

  • Strip whitespace at end of HTTP headers (#2010)
  • Optimize HTTP parser for JRuby (#2012)
  • Add SSL support for the control app and cli (#2046, #2052)

• Bugfixes

  • Fix Errno::EINVAL when SSL is enabled and browser rejects cert (#1564)
  • Fix pumactl defaulting puma to development if an environment was not specified (#2035)
  • Fix closing file stream when reading pid from pidfile (#2048)
  • Fix a typo in configuration option --extra_runtime_dependencies (#2050)

4.2.1

• 3 bugfixes
  • Fix socket activation of systemd (pre-existing) unix binder files (#1842, #1988)
  • Deal with multiple calls to bind correctly (#1986, #1994, #2006)
  • Accepts symbols for verify_mode (#1222)

4.2.0 - Distant Airhorns

• 6 features
  • Pumactl has a new -e environment option and reads config/puma/.rb config files (#1885)
  • Semicolons are now allowed in URL paths (MRI only), useful for Angular or Redmine (#1934)
  • Allow extra dependencies to be defined when using prune_bundler (#1105)
  • Puma now reports the correct port when binding to port 0, also reports other listeners when binding to localhost (#1786)
  • Sending SIGINFO to any Puma worker now prints currently active threads and their backtraces (#1320)
  • Puma threads all now have their name set on Ruby 2.3+ (#1968)
• 4 bugfixes
  • Fix some misbehavior with phased restart and externally SIGTERMed workers (#1908, #1952)
  • Fix socket closing on error (#1941)
  • Removed unnecessary SIGINT trap for JRuby that caused some race conditions (#1961)
  • Fix socket files being left around after process stopped (#1970)
• Absolutely thousands of lines of test improvements and fixes thanks to @​MSP-Greg

... (truncated)

Changelog

Sourced from puma's changelog.

4.3.8 / 2021-05-11

• Security
  • Close keepalive connections after the maximum number of fast inlined requests (#2625)

4.3.7 / 2020-11-30

• Bugfixes
  • Backport set CONTENT_LENGTH for chunked requests (Originally: #2287, backport: #2496)

4.3.6 / 2020-09-05

• Bugfixes
  • Explicitly include ctype.h to fix compilation warning and build error on macOS with Xcode 12 (#2304)
  • Don't require json at boot (#2269)

4.3.4/4.3.5 and 3.12.5/3.12.6 / 2020-05-22

Each patchlevel release contains a separate security fix. We recommend simply upgrading to 4.3.5/3.12.6.

• Security
  • Fix: Fixed two separate HTTP smuggling vulnerabilities that used the Transfer-Encoding header. CVE-2020-11076 and CVE-2020-11077.

4.3.3 and 3.12.4 / 2020-02-28

• Bugfixes
  • Fix: Fixes a problem where we weren't splitting headers correctly on newlines (#2132)
• Security
  • Fix: Prevent HTTP Response splitting via CR in early hints. CVE-2020-5249.

4.3.2 and 3.12.3 / 2020-02-27 (YANKED)

• Security
  • Fix: Prevent HTTP Response splitting via CR/LF in header values. CVE-2020-5247.

4.3.1 and 3.12.2 / 2019-12-05

• Security
  • Fix: a poorly-behaved client could use keepalive requests to monopolize Puma's reactor and create a denial of service attack. CVE-2019-16770.

4.3.0 / 2019-11-07

• Features

  • Strip whitespace at end of HTTP headers (#2010)
  • Optimize HTTP parser for JRuby (#2012)
  • Add SSL support for the control app and cli (#2046, #2052)

• Bugfixes

  • Fix Errno::EINVAL when SSL is enabled and browser rejects cert (#1564)
  • Fix pumactl defaulting puma to development if an environment was not specified (#2035)

... (truncated)

Commits

• b911c13 4.3.8 release note
• 09bb777 Bump version constant
• 8088950 Close keepalive connections after MAX_FAST_INLINE requests
• f3c95af 4.3.7
• 77a90ec Backport set CONTENT_LENGTH for chunked requests (#2496)
• a418e5c Updates to 4.3.6 to pass CI, adds Ubuntu 20.04 [changelog skip] (#2380)
• 3e3647a v4.3.6
• 73cfdf5 Merge pull request #2314 from venables/fix-include
• fa54f4d Merge pull request #2269 from MSP-Greg/json-require
• a24b51b Bump version
• Additional commits viewable in compare view

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