Sketch of the new Clever syntax

reference/syntax.rst

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+=======================
+Clever Syntax Reference
+=======================
+
+This document specifies the language's syntax by showing some code examples.
+
+Comments
+--------
+
+- Single line
+Everything in a line after `//` is considered comment and it is discarded by the Clever interpreter.
+
+``// Comment``
+``y = x; // Performs a copy``
+
+- Multi-line
+Multi-line comments are similar to the C one.
+
+``
+/* This comment can be
+   splitted in several lines. */
+``
+
+Variables
+---------
+
+- Clever is a dynamic typed language, so the type of a variable is bound in runtime. Use the keyword `var` to declare a variable.
+
+``var a = 'foo'; // get_type(a) == String``
+``a = Foo(arg1, arg2); // get_type(a) == Foo``
+
+- Unitialized variables have value of `Null`
+
+``
+var foo;
+assert(foo == Null);
+``
+
+- Use the `const` qualifier to ensure that it will not be changed (i.e: assigned with other value)
+
+``
+const foo = 'bar';
+foo = 'baz'; // throws a RunTimeException
+``
+
+Functions
+---------
+
+- Functions are created with the `function` keyword
+
+``
+function add(x, y) {
+	return x + y;
+}
+``
+
+- Functions are objects and they can be assigned to variables
+
+``var myfunction = function(x, y) { return x + y; };``
+
+- Function call
+
+``var foo = doFoo();``
+``var sum = add(1, 3);``
+
+Native Data Types
+-----------------
+
+Examples of construction of native data types in Clever. For full reference (methods, properties, etc) please refer to: // TODO(muriloadriano): url here
+
+- String
+
+``var str = 'fooo';``
+
+- Numeric
+
+``
+var myint = 1;
+var otherint = 0xC1E4E8;
+var adouble = 3.141517;
+var biginteger = 1234567891011121314151617181920;
+``
+
+- Boolean
+
+`` var boolean = (true || false);``
+
+- Array
+
+``var arr = [1, 'foo', true, Foo(x)];``
+
+-- Element access
+
+``var x = arr[0];``
+
+-- Write
+
+``arr[2] = false;``
+
+- Map
+
+``var map = {'name': 'Clever', 2: 'foo'};``
+
+-- Access
+
+``var name = map['name']; // Null if an element with key 'name' doesn't exists
+
+-- Set
+
+``map[3.1415] = 'pi';``
+
+Flow Control
+------------
+
+- If statements
+
+`` 
+if (x + y < z) {
+	foo();
+}
+else if (y + z < w) {
+	bar();
+}
+else {
+	baz();
+}
+``
+
+- While
+
+``
+while (foo() || bar()) {
+	doBaz();
+}
+``
+
+- For
+for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+	update(i);
+}