Backport #31887 to 21.10: Parse partition key value from partition_id when need to create part in empty partition

[robot-clickhouse]

Original pull-request #31887
Cherry-pick pull-request #32068

This pull-request is a last step of an automated backporting.
Treat it as a standard pull-request: look at the checks and resolve conflicts.
Merge it only if you intend to backport changes to the target branch, otherwise just close it.

[tavplubix]

Stress test (thread, actions) - data race in rocksdb, probably fixed in ClickHouse/rocksdb#13
Stateless tests (address, actions) - 00646_url_engine and 01854_HTTP_dict_decompression - Address family for hostname not supported, broken in 21.10
Stateless tests (address, actions) - 01165_lost_part_empty_partition - cannot parse complex partition key:

Going to replace lost part 89-838221984-20211201-1638393541_0_0_0 with empty part
Cannot parse number with multiple sign (+/-) characters or intermediate sign character

Seems like it's fixed in #24475. Let's just disable this part of test.