EnvironmentObject.h

/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*-
 * vim: set ts=8 sts=2 et sw=2 tw=80:
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

#ifndef vm_EnvironmentObject_h
#define vm_EnvironmentObject_h

#include "builtin/ModuleObject.h"
#include "frontend/NameAnalysisTypes.h"
#include "gc/Barrier.h"
#include "gc/WeakMap.h"
#include "js/GCHashTable.h"
#include "vm/ArgumentsObject.h"
#include "vm/GeneratorObject.h"
#include "vm/GlobalObject.h"
#include "vm/JSContext.h"
#include "vm/JSObject.h"
#include "vm/ProxyObject.h"
#include "vm/Scope.h"

namespace js {

class ModuleObject;
using HandleModuleObject = Handle<ModuleObject*>;

/*
 * Return a shape representing the static scope containing the variable
 * accessed by the ALIASEDVAR op at 'pc'.
 */
extern Shape* EnvironmentCoordinateToEnvironmentShape(JSScript* script,
                                                      jsbytecode* pc);

// Return the name being accessed by the given ALIASEDVAR op. This function is
// relatively slow so it should not be used on hot paths.
extern PropertyName* EnvironmentCoordinateNameSlow(JSScript* script,
                                                   jsbytecode* pc);

/*** Environment objects ****************************************************/

// clang-format off
/*
 * [SMDOC] Environment Objects
 *
 * About environments
 * ------------------
 *
 * (See also: ecma262 rev c7952de (19 Aug 2016) 8.1 "Lexical Environments".)
 *
 * Scoping in ES is specified in terms of "Environment Records". There's a
 * global Environment Record per realm, and a new Environment Record is created
 * whenever control enters a function, block, or other scope.
 *
 * A "Lexical Environment" is a list of nested Environment Records, innermost
 * first: everything that's in scope. Throughout SpiderMonkey, "environment"
 * means a Lexical Environment.
 *
 * N.B.: "Scope" means something different: a static scope, the compile-time
 * analogue of an environment. See Scope.h.
 *
 * How SpiderMonkey represents environments
 * ----------------------------------------
 *
 * Some environments are stored as JSObjects. Several kinds of objects
 * represent environments:
 *
 *   JSObject
 *    |
 *    +--NativeObject
 *    |   |
 *    |   +--EnvironmentObject             Engine-internal environment
 *    |   |   |
 *    |   |   +--CallObject                    Environment of entire function
 *    |   |   |
 *    |   |   +--ModuleEnvironmentObject       Module top-level environment
 *    |   |   |
 *    |   |   +--LexicalEnvironmentObject      Lexical (block) environment
 *    |   |   |   |
 *    |   |   |   +--NamedLambdaObject             Environment for `(function f(){...})`
 *    |   |   |                                        containing only a binding for `f`
 *    |   |   +--VarEnvironmentObject          See VarScope in Scope.h.
 *    |   |   |
 *    |   |   +--WithEnvironmentObject         Presents object properties as bindings
 *    |   |   |
 *    |   |   +--NonSyntacticVariablesObject   See "Non-syntactic environments" below
 *    |   |
 *    |   +--GlobalObject                  The global environment
 *    |
 *    +--ProxyObject
 *        |
 *        +--DebugEnvironmentProxy         Environment for debugger eval-in-frame
 *
 * EnvironmentObjects are technically real JSObjects but only belong on the
 * environment chain (that is, fp->environmentChain() or fun->environment()).
 * They are never exposed to scripts.
 *
 * Note that reserved slots in any base classes shown above are fixed for all
 * derived classes. So e.g. EnvironmentObject::enclosingEnvironment() can
 * simply access a fixed slot without further dynamic type information.
 *
 * When the current environment is represented by an object, the stack frame
 * has a pointer to that object (see AbstractFramePtr::environmentChain()).
 * However, that isn't always the case. Where possible, we store binding values
 * in JS stack slots. For block and function scopes where all bindings can be
 * stored in stack slots, nothing is allocated in the heap; there is no
 * environment object.
 *
 * Full information about the environment chain is always recoverable:
 * EnvironmentIter can do it, and we construct a fake environment for debugger
 * eval-in-frame (see "Debug environment objects" below).
 *
 * Syntactic Environments
 * ----------------------
 *
 * Environments may be syntactic, i.e., corresponding to source text, or
 * non-syntactic, i.e., specially created by embedding. The distinction is
 * necessary to maintain invariants about the environment chain: non-syntactic
 * environments may not occur in arbitrary positions in the chain.
 *
 * CallObject, ModuleEnvironmentObject, and LexicalEnvironmentObject always
 * represent syntactic environments. (CallObject is considered syntactic even
 * when it's used as the scope of strict eval code.) WithEnvironmentObject is
 * syntactic when it's used to represent the scope of a `with` block.
 *
 *
 * Non-syntactic Environments
 * --------------------------
 *
 * A non-syntactic environment is one that was not created due to JS source
 * code. On the scope chain, a single NonSyntactic GlobalScope maps to 0+
 * non-syntactic environment objects. This is contrasted with syntactic
 * environments, where each scope corresponds to 0 or 1 environment object.
 *
 * There are 3 kinds of dynamic environment objects:
 *
 * 1. WithEnvironmentObject
 *
 *    When the embedding compiles or executes a script, it has the option to
 *    pass in a vector of objects to be used as the initial env chain, ordered
 *    from outermost env to innermost env. Each of those objects is wrapped by
 *    a WithEnvironmentObject.
 *
 *    The innermost object passed in by the embedding becomes a qualified
 *    variables object that captures 'var' bindings. That is, it wraps the
 *    holder object of 'var' bindings.
 *
 *    Does not hold 'let' or 'const' bindings.
 *
 * 2. NonSyntacticVariablesObject
 *
 *    When the embedding wants qualified 'var' bindings and unqualified
 *    bareword assignments to go on a different object than the global
 *    object. While any object can be made into a qualified variables object,
 *    only the GlobalObject and NonSyntacticVariablesObject are considered
 *    unqualified variables objects.
 *
 *    Unlike WithEnvironmentObjects that delegate to the object they wrap,
 *    this object is itself the holder of 'var' bindings.
 *
 *    Does not hold 'let' or 'const' bindings.
 *
 * 3. LexicalEnvironmentObject
 *
 *    Each non-syntactic object used as a qualified variables object needs to
 *    enclose a non-syntactic LexicalEnvironmentObject to hold 'let' and
 *    'const' bindings. There is a bijection per realm between the non-syntactic
 *    variables objects and their non-syntactic LexicalEnvironmentObjects.
 *
 *    Does not hold 'var' bindings.
 *
 * The embedding (Gecko) uses non-syntactic envs for various things, some of
 * which are detailed below. All env chain listings below are, from top to
 * bottom, outermost to innermost.
 *
 * A. Component loading
 *
 * Components may be loaded in a shared global mode where most JSMs share a
 * single global in order to save on memory and avoid CCWs. To support this, a
 * NonSyntacticVariablesObject is used for each JSM to provide a basic form of
 * isolation. They have the following env chain:
 *
 *   BackstagePass global
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=global]
 *       |
 *   NonSyntacticVariablesObject
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=nsvo]
 *
 * B.1 Subscript loading
 *
 * Subscripts may be loaded into a target object and it's associated global.
 * They have the following env chain:
 *
 *   Target object's global
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=global]
 *       |
 *   WithEnvironmentObject wrapping target
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=target]
 *
 * B.2 Subscript loading (Shared-global JSM)
 *
 * The target object of a subscript load may be in a JSM with a shared global,
 * in which case we will also have the NonSyntacticVariablesObject on the
 * chain.
 *
 *   Target object's global
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=global]
 *       |
 *   NonSyntacticVariablesObject
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=nsvo]
 *       |
 *   WithEnvironmentObject wrapping target
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=target]
 *
 * D. Frame scripts
 *
 * XUL frame scripts are loaded in the same global as components, with a
 * NonSyntacticVariablesObject as a "polluting global", and a with environment
 * wrapping a message manager object. This is done exclusively in
 * js::ExecuteInScopeChainAndReturnNewScope.
 *
 *   BackstagePass global
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=global]
 *       |
 *   NonSyntacticVariablesObject
 *       |
 *   WithEnvironmentObject wrapping messageManager
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject[this=messageManager]
 *
 * D. XBL and DOM event handlers
 *
 * XBL methods are compiled as functions with XUL elements on the env chain,
 * and DOM event handlers are compiled as functions with HTML elements on the
 * env chain. For a chain of elements e0,e1,...:
 *
 *      ...
 *       |
 *   WithEnvironmentObject wrapping e1
 *       |
 *   WithEnvironmentObject wrapping e0
 *       |
 *   LexicalEnvironmentObject
 *
 */
// clang-format on

enum class IsSingletonEnv { Yes, No };

class EnvironmentObject : public NativeObject {
 protected:
  // The enclosing environment. Either another EnvironmentObject, a
  // GlobalObject, or a non-syntactic environment object.
  static const uint32_t ENCLOSING_ENV_SLOT = 0;

  inline void setAliasedBinding(JSContext* cx, uint32_t slot, const Value& v);

  void setEnclosingEnvironment(JSObject* enclosing) {
    setReservedSlot(ENCLOSING_ENV_SLOT, ObjectOrNullValue(enclosing));
  }

 public:
  // Since every env chain terminates with a global object, whether
  // GlobalObject or a non-syntactic one, and since those objects do not
  // derive EnvironmentObject (they have completely different layouts), the
  // enclosing environment of an EnvironmentObject is necessarily non-null.
  JSObject& enclosingEnvironment() const {
    return getReservedSlot(ENCLOSING_ENV_SLOT).toObject();
  }

  void initEnclosingEnvironment(JSObject* enclosing) {
    initReservedSlot(ENCLOSING_ENV_SLOT, ObjectOrNullValue(enclosing));
  }

  static bool nonExtensibleIsFixedSlot(EnvironmentCoordinate ec) {
    // For non-extensible environment objects isFixedSlot(slot) is equivalent to
    // slot < MAX_FIXED_SLOTS.
    return ec.slot() < MAX_FIXED_SLOTS;
  }
  static size_t nonExtensibleDynamicSlotIndex(EnvironmentCoordinate ec) {
    MOZ_ASSERT(!nonExtensibleIsFixedSlot(ec));
    return ec.slot() - MAX_FIXED_SLOTS;
  }

  // Get or set a name contained in this environment.
  inline const Value& aliasedBinding(EnvironmentCoordinate ec);

  const Value& aliasedBinding(const BindingIter& bi) {
    MOZ_ASSERT(bi.location().kind() == BindingLocation::Kind::Environment);
    return getSlot(bi.location().slot());
  }

  inline void setAliasedBinding(JSContext* cx, EnvironmentCoordinate ec,
                                const Value& v);

  inline void setAliasedBinding(JSContext* cx, const BindingIter& bi,
                                const Value& v);

  // For JITs.
  static size_t offsetOfEnclosingEnvironment() {
    return getFixedSlotOffset(ENCLOSING_ENV_SLOT);
  }

  static uint32_t enclosingEnvironmentSlot() { return ENCLOSING_ENV_SLOT; }
};

class CallObject : public EnvironmentObject {
 protected:
  static const uint32_t CALLEE_SLOT = 1;

  static CallObject* create(JSContext* cx, HandleScript script,
                            HandleFunction callee, HandleObject enclosing);

 public:
  static const uint32_t RESERVED_SLOTS = 2;
  static const JSClass class_;

  /* These functions are internal and are exposed only for JITs. */

  /*
   * Construct a bare-bones call object given a shape and a group.
   * The call object must be further initialized to be usable.
   */
  static CallObject* create(JSContext* cx, HandleShape shape,
                            HandleObjectGroup group);

  static CallObject* createTemplateObject(JSContext* cx, HandleScript script,
                                          HandleObject enclosing,
                                          gc::InitialHeap heap);

  static CallObject* create(JSContext* cx, HandleFunction callee,
                            HandleObject enclosing);
  static CallObject* create(JSContext* cx, AbstractFramePtr frame);

  static CallObject* createHollowForDebug(JSContext* cx, HandleFunction callee);

  /*
   * When an aliased formal (var accessed by nested closures) is also
   * aliased by the arguments object, it must of course exist in one
   * canonical location and that location is always the CallObject. For this
   * to work, the ArgumentsObject stores special MagicValue in its array for
   * forwarded-to-CallObject variables. This MagicValue's payload is the
   * slot of the CallObject to access.
   */
  const Value& aliasedFormalFromArguments(const Value& argsValue) {
    return getSlot(ArgumentsObject::SlotFromMagicScopeSlotValue(argsValue));
  }
  inline void setAliasedFormalFromArguments(JSContext* cx,
                                            const Value& argsValue, jsid id,
                                            const Value& v);

  JSFunction& callee() const {
    return getReservedSlot(CALLEE_SLOT).toObject().as<JSFunction>();
  }

  /* For jit access. */
  static size_t offsetOfCallee() { return getFixedSlotOffset(CALLEE_SLOT); }

  static size_t calleeSlot() { return CALLEE_SLOT; }
};

class VarEnvironmentObject : public EnvironmentObject {
  static const uint32_t SCOPE_SLOT = 1;

  static VarEnvironmentObject* create(JSContext* cx, HandleShape shape,
                                      HandleObject enclosing,
                                      gc::InitialHeap heap);

  void initScope(Scope* scope) {
    initReservedSlot(SCOPE_SLOT, PrivateGCThingValue(scope));
  }

 public:
  static const uint32_t RESERVED_SLOTS = 2;
  static const JSClass class_;

  static VarEnvironmentObject* create(JSContext* cx, HandleScope scope,
                                      AbstractFramePtr frame);
  static VarEnvironmentObject* createHollowForDebug(JSContext* cx,
                                                    Handle<VarScope*> scope);

  Scope& scope() const {
    Value v = getReservedSlot(SCOPE_SLOT);
    MOZ_ASSERT(v.isPrivateGCThing());
    Scope& s = *static_cast<Scope*>(v.toGCThing());
    MOZ_ASSERT(s.is<VarScope>() || s.is<EvalScope>());
    return s;
  }

  bool isForEval() const { return scope().is<EvalScope>(); }
};

class ModuleEnvironmentObject : public EnvironmentObject {
  static const uint32_t MODULE_SLOT = 1;

  static const ObjectOps objectOps_;
  static const JSClassOps classOps_;

 public:
  static const JSClass class_;

  static const uint32_t RESERVED_SLOTS = 2;

  static ModuleEnvironmentObject* create(JSContext* cx,
                                         HandleModuleObject module);
  ModuleObject& module() const;
  IndirectBindingMap& importBindings() const;

  bool createImportBinding(JSContext* cx, HandleAtom importName,
                           HandleModuleObject module, HandleAtom exportName);

  bool hasImportBinding(HandlePropertyName name);

  bool lookupImport(jsid name, ModuleEnvironmentObject** envOut,
                    Shape** shapeOut);

  void fixEnclosingEnvironmentAfterRealmMerge(GlobalObject& global);

 private:
  static bool lookupProperty(JSContext* cx, HandleObject obj, HandleId id,
                             MutableHandleObject objp,
                             MutableHandle<PropertyResult> propp);
  static bool hasProperty(JSContext* cx, HandleObject obj, HandleId id,
                          bool* foundp);
  static bool getProperty(JSContext* cx, HandleObject obj, HandleValue receiver,
                          HandleId id, MutableHandleValue vp);
  static bool setProperty(JSContext* cx, HandleObject obj, HandleId id,
                          HandleValue v, HandleValue receiver,
                          JS::ObjectOpResult& result);
  static bool getOwnPropertyDescriptor(JSContext* cx, HandleObject obj,
                                       HandleId id,
                                       MutableHandle<PropertyDescriptor> desc);
  static bool deleteProperty(JSContext* cx, HandleObject obj, HandleId id,
                             ObjectOpResult& result);
  static bool newEnumerate(JSContext* cx, HandleObject obj,
                           MutableHandleIdVector properties,
                           bool enumerableOnly);
};

using RootedModuleEnvironmentObject = Rooted<ModuleEnvironmentObject*>;
using HandleModuleEnvironmentObject = Handle<ModuleEnvironmentObject*>;
using MutableHandleModuleEnvironmentObject =
    MutableHandle<ModuleEnvironmentObject*>;

class WasmInstanceEnvironmentObject : public EnvironmentObject {
  // Currently WasmInstanceScopes do not use their scopes in a
  // meaningful way. However, it is an invariant of DebugEnvironments that
  // environments kept in those maps have live scopes, thus this strong
  // reference.
  static const uint32_t SCOPE_SLOT = 1;

 public:
  static const JSClass class_;

  static const uint32_t RESERVED_SLOTS = 2;

  static WasmInstanceEnvironmentObject* createHollowForDebug(
      JSContext* cx, Handle<WasmInstanceScope*> scope);
  WasmInstanceScope& scope() const {
    Value v = getReservedSlot(SCOPE_SLOT);
    MOZ_ASSERT(v.isPrivateGCThing());
    return *static_cast<WasmInstanceScope*>(v.toGCThing());
  }
};

class WasmFunctionCallObject : public EnvironmentObject {
  // Currently WasmFunctionCallObjects do not use their scopes in a
  // meaningful way. However, it is an invariant of DebugEnvironments that
  // environments kept in those maps have live scopes, thus this strong
  // reference.
  static const uint32_t SCOPE_SLOT = 1;

 public:
  static const JSClass class_;

  static const uint32_t RESERVED_SLOTS = 2;

  static WasmFunctionCallObject* createHollowForDebug(
      JSContext* cx, HandleObject enclosing, Handle<WasmFunctionScope*> scope);
  WasmFunctionScope& scope() const {
    Value v = getReservedSlot(SCOPE_SLOT);
    MOZ_ASSERT(v.isPrivateGCThing());
    return *static_cast<WasmFunctionScope*>(v.toGCThing());
  }
};

class LexicalEnvironmentObject : public EnvironmentObject {
  // Global and non-syntactic lexical environments need to store a 'this'
  // value and all other lexical environments have a fixed shape and store a
  // backpointer to the LexicalScope.
  //
  // Since the two sets are disjoint, we only use one slot to save space.
  static const unsigned THIS_VALUE_OR_SCOPE_SLOT = 1;

 public:
  static const unsigned RESERVED_SLOTS = 2;
  static const JSClass class_;

 private:
  static LexicalEnvironmentObject* createTemplateObject(
      JSContext* cx, HandleShape shape, HandleObject enclosing,
      gc::InitialHeap heap, IsSingletonEnv isSingleton);

  void initThisValue(JSObject* obj) {
    MOZ_ASSERT(isGlobal() || !isSyntactic());
    initReservedSlot(THIS_VALUE_OR_SCOPE_SLOT, GetThisValue(obj));
  }

  void initScopeUnchecked(LexicalScope* scope) {
    initReservedSlot(THIS_VALUE_OR_SCOPE_SLOT, PrivateGCThingValue(scope));
  }

  void initScope(LexicalScope* scope) {
    MOZ_ASSERT(!isGlobal());
    MOZ_ASSERT(isSyntactic());
    initScopeUnchecked(scope);
  }

 public:
  static LexicalEnvironmentObject* create(JSContext* cx,
                                          Handle<LexicalScope*> scope,
                                          HandleObject enclosing,
                                          gc::InitialHeap heap);
  static LexicalEnvironmentObject* createForFrame(JSContext* cx,
                                                  Handle<LexicalScope*> scope,
                                                  AbstractFramePtr frame);
  static LexicalEnvironmentObject* createGlobal(JSContext* cx,
                                                Handle<GlobalObject*> global);
  static LexicalEnvironmentObject* createNonSyntactic(JSContext* cx,
                                                      HandleObject enclosing,
                                                      HandleObject thisv);
  static LexicalEnvironmentObject* createHollowForDebug(
      JSContext* cx, Handle<LexicalScope*> scope);

  // Create a new LexicalEnvironmentObject with the same enclosing env and
  // variable values as this.
  static LexicalEnvironmentObject* clone(JSContext* cx,
                                         Handle<LexicalEnvironmentObject*> env);

  // Create a new LexicalEnvironmentObject with the same enclosing env as
  // this, with all variables uninitialized.
  static LexicalEnvironmentObject* recreate(
      JSContext* cx, Handle<LexicalEnvironmentObject*> env);

  // For non-extensible lexical environments, the LexicalScope that created
  // this environment. Otherwise asserts.
  LexicalScope& scope() const {
    Value v = getReservedSlot(THIS_VALUE_OR_SCOPE_SLOT);
    MOZ_ASSERT(!isExtensible() && v.isPrivateGCThing());
    return *static_cast<LexicalScope*>(v.toGCThing());
  }

  // Is this the global lexical scope?
  bool isGlobal() const { return enclosingEnvironment().is<GlobalObject>(); }

  GlobalObject& global() const {
    return enclosingEnvironment().as<GlobalObject>();
  }

  void setWindowProxyThisValue(JSObject* obj);

  // Global and non-syntactic lexical scopes are extensible. All other
  // lexical scopes are not.
  bool isExtensible() const;

  // Is this a syntactic (i.e. corresponds to a source text) lexical
  // environment?
  bool isSyntactic() const { return !isExtensible() || isGlobal(); }

  // For extensible lexical environments, the 'this' value for its
  // scope. Otherwise asserts.
  Value thisValue() const;

  static constexpr size_t offsetOfThisValueOrScopeSlot() {
    return getFixedSlotOffset(THIS_VALUE_OR_SCOPE_SLOT);
  }
};

class NamedLambdaObject : public LexicalEnvironmentObject {
  static NamedLambdaObject* create(JSContext* cx, HandleFunction callee,
                                   HandleFunction replacement,
                                   HandleObject enclosing,
                                   gc::InitialHeap heap);

 public:
  static NamedLambdaObject* createTemplateObject(JSContext* cx,
                                                 HandleFunction callee,
                                                 gc::InitialHeap heap);

  static NamedLambdaObject* create(JSContext* cx, AbstractFramePtr frame);

  // For JITs.
  static size_t lambdaSlot();
};

// A non-syntactic dynamic scope object that captures non-lexical
// bindings. That is, a scope object that captures both qualified var
// assignments and unqualified bareword assignments. Its parent is always the
// global lexical environment.
//
// This is used in ExecuteInGlobalAndReturnScope and sits in front of the
// global scope to store 'var' bindings, and to store fresh properties created
// by assignments to undeclared variables that otherwise would have gone on
// the global object.
class NonSyntacticVariablesObject : public EnvironmentObject {
 public:
  static const unsigned RESERVED_SLOTS = 1;
  static const JSClass class_;

  static NonSyntacticVariablesObject* create(JSContext* cx);
};

extern bool CreateNonSyntacticEnvironmentChain(JSContext* cx,
                                               JS::HandleObjectVector envChain,
                                               MutableHandleObject env,
                                               MutableHandleScope scope);

// With environment objects on the run-time environment chain.
class WithEnvironmentObject : public EnvironmentObject {
  static const unsigned OBJECT_SLOT = 1;
  static const unsigned THIS_SLOT = 2;
  static const unsigned SCOPE_SLOT = 3;

 public:
  static const unsigned RESERVED_SLOTS = 4;
  static const JSClass class_;

  static WithEnvironmentObject* create(JSContext* cx, HandleObject object,
                                       HandleObject enclosing,
                                       Handle<WithScope*> scope);
  static WithEnvironmentObject* createNonSyntactic(JSContext* cx,
                                                   HandleObject object,
                                                   HandleObject enclosing);

  /* Return the 'o' in 'with (o)'. */
  JSObject& object() const;

  /* Return object for GetThisValue. */
  JSObject* withThis() const;

  /*
   * Return whether this object is a syntactic with object.  If not, this is
   * a With object we inserted between the outermost syntactic scope and the
   * global object to wrap the environment chain someone explicitly passed
   * via JSAPI to CompileFunction or script evaluation.
   */
  bool isSyntactic() const;

  // For syntactic with environment objects, the with scope.
  WithScope& scope() const;

  static inline size_t objectSlot() { return OBJECT_SLOT; }

  static inline size_t thisSlot() { return THIS_SLOT; }
};

// Internal scope object used by JSOp::BindName upon encountering an
// uninitialized lexical slot or an assignment to a 'const' binding.
//
// ES6 lexical bindings cannot be accessed in any way (throwing
// ReferenceErrors) until initialized. Normally, NAME operations
// unconditionally check for uninitialized lexical slots. When getting or
// looking up names, this can be done without slowing down normal operations
// on the return value. When setting names, however, we do not want to pollute
// all set-property paths with uninitialized lexical checks. For setting names
// (i.e. JSOp::SetName), we emit an accompanying, preceding JSOp::BindName which
// finds the right scope on which to set the name. Moreover, when the name on
// the scope is an uninitialized lexical, we cannot throw eagerly, as the spec
// demands that the error be thrown after evaluating the RHS of
// assignments. Instead, this sentinel scope object is pushed on the stack.
// Attempting to access anything on this scope throws the appropriate
// ReferenceError.
//
// ES6 'const' bindings induce a runtime error when assigned to outside
// of initialization, regardless of strictness.
class RuntimeLexicalErrorObject : public EnvironmentObject {
  static const unsigned ERROR_SLOT = 1;

 public:
  static const unsigned RESERVED_SLOTS = 2;
  static const JSClass class_;

  static RuntimeLexicalErrorObject* create(JSContext* cx,
                                           HandleObject enclosing,
                                           unsigned errorNumber);

  unsigned errorNumber() { return getReservedSlot(ERROR_SLOT).toInt32(); }
};

/****************************************************************************/

// A environment iterator describes the active environments starting from an
// environment, scope pair. This pair may be derived from the current point of
// execution in a frame. If derived in such a fashion, the EnvironmentIter
// tracks whether the current scope is within the extent of this initial
// frame.  Here, "frame" means a single activation of: a function, eval, or
// global code.
class MOZ_RAII EnvironmentIter {
  Rooted<ScopeIter> si_;
  RootedObject env_;
  AbstractFramePtr frame_;

  void incrementScopeIter();
  void settle();

  // No value semantics.
  EnvironmentIter(const EnvironmentIter& ei) = delete;

 public:
  // Constructing from a copy of an existing EnvironmentIter.
  EnvironmentIter(JSContext* cx,
                  const EnvironmentIter& ei MOZ_GUARD_OBJECT_NOTIFIER_PARAM);

  // Constructing from an environment, scope pair. All environments
  // considered not to be withinInitialFrame, since no frame is given.
  EnvironmentIter(JSContext* cx, JSObject* env,
                  Scope* scope MOZ_GUARD_OBJECT_NOTIFIER_PARAM);

  // Constructing from a frame. Places the EnvironmentIter on the innermost
  // environment at pc.
  EnvironmentIter(JSContext* cx, AbstractFramePtr frame,
                  jsbytecode* pc MOZ_GUARD_OBJECT_NOTIFIER_PARAM);

  // Constructing from an environment, scope and frame. The frame is given
  // to initialize to proper enclosing environment/scope.
  EnvironmentIter(JSContext* cx, JSObject* env, Scope* scope,
                  AbstractFramePtr frame MOZ_GUARD_OBJECT_NOTIFIER_PARAM);

  bool done() const { return si_.done(); }

  explicit operator bool() const { return !done(); }

  void operator++(int) {
    if (hasAnyEnvironmentObject()) {
      env_ = &env_->as<EnvironmentObject>().enclosingEnvironment();
    }
    incrementScopeIter();
    settle();
  }

  EnvironmentIter& operator++() {
    operator++(1);
    return *this;
  }

  // If done():
  JSObject& enclosingEnvironment() const;

  // If !done():
  bool hasNonSyntacticEnvironmentObject() const;

  bool hasSyntacticEnvironment() const { return si_.hasSyntacticEnvironment(); }

  bool hasAnyEnvironmentObject() const {
    return hasNonSyntacticEnvironmentObject() || hasSyntacticEnvironment();
  }

  EnvironmentObject& environment() const {
    MOZ_ASSERT(hasAnyEnvironmentObject());
    return env_->as<EnvironmentObject>();
  }

  Scope& scope() const { return *si_.scope(); }

  Scope* maybeScope() const {
    if (si_) {
      return si_.scope();
    }
    return nullptr;
  }

  JSFunction& callee() const { return env_->as<CallObject>().callee(); }

  bool withinInitialFrame() const { return !!frame_; }

  AbstractFramePtr initialFrame() const {
    MOZ_ASSERT(withinInitialFrame());
    return frame_;
  }

  AbstractFramePtr maybeInitialFrame() const { return frame_; }

  MOZ_DECL_USE_GUARD_OBJECT_NOTIFIER
};

// The key in MissingEnvironmentMap. For live frames, maps live frames to
// their synthesized environments. For completely optimized-out environments,
// maps the Scope to their synthesized environments. The env we synthesize for
// Scopes are read-only, and we never use their parent links, so they don't
// need to be distinct.
//
// That is, completely optimized out environments can't be distinguished by
// frame. Note that even if the frame corresponding to the Scope is live on
// the stack, it is unsound to synthesize an environment from that live
// frame. In other words, the provenance of the environment chain is from
// allocated closures (i.e., allocation sites) and is irrecoverable from
// simple stack inspection (i.e., call sites).
class MissingEnvironmentKey {
  friend class LiveEnvironmentVal;

  AbstractFramePtr frame_;
  Scope* scope_;

 public:
  explicit MissingEnvironmentKey(const EnvironmentIter& ei)
      : frame_(ei.maybeInitialFrame()), scope_(ei.maybeScope()) {}

  MissingEnvironmentKey(AbstractFramePtr frame, Scope* scope)
      : frame_(frame), scope_(scope) {}

  AbstractFramePtr frame() const { return frame_; }
  Scope* scope() const { return scope_; }

  void updateScope(Scope* scope) { scope_ = scope; }
  void updateFrame(AbstractFramePtr frame) { frame_ = frame; }

  // For use as hash policy.
  using Lookup = MissingEnvironmentKey;
  static HashNumber hash(MissingEnvironmentKey sk);
  static bool match(MissingEnvironmentKey sk1, MissingEnvironmentKey sk2);
  bool operator!=(const MissingEnvironmentKey& other) const {
    return frame_ != other.frame_ || scope_ != other.scope_;
  }
  static void rekey(MissingEnvironmentKey& k,
                    const MissingEnvironmentKey& newKey) {
    k = newKey;
  }
};

// The value in LiveEnvironmentMap, mapped from by live environment objects.
class LiveEnvironmentVal {
  friend class DebugEnvironments;
  friend class MissingEnvironmentKey;

  AbstractFramePtr frame_;
  HeapPtr<Scope*> scope_;

  static void staticAsserts();

 public:
  explicit LiveEnvironmentVal(const EnvironmentIter& ei)
      : frame_(ei.initialFrame()), scope_(ei.maybeScope()) {}

  AbstractFramePtr frame() const { return frame_; }
  Scope* scope() const { return scope_; }

  void updateFrame(AbstractFramePtr frame) { frame_ = frame; }

  bool needsSweep();
};

/****************************************************************************/

/*
 * Debug environment objects
 *
 * The debugger effectively turns every opcode into a potential direct eval.
 * Naively, this would require creating a EnvironmentObject for every
 * call/block scope and using JSOp::GetAliasedVar for every access. To optimize
 * this, the engine assumes there is no debugger and optimizes scope access
 * and creation accordingly. When the debugger wants to perform an unexpected
 * eval-in-frame (or other, similar environment-requiring operations),
 * fp->environmentChain is now incomplete.
 *
 * To resolve this, the debugger first calls GetDebugEnvironmentFor* to
 * synthesize a "debug env chain". A debug env chain is just a chain of
 * objects that fill in missing environments and protect the engine from
 * unexpected access. (The latter means that some debugger operations, like
 * redefining a lexical binding, can fail when a true eval would succeed.) To
 * do both of these things, GetDebugEnvironmentFor* creates a new proxy
 * DebugEnvironmentProxy to sit in front of every existing EnvironmentObject.
 *
 * GetDebugEnvironmentFor* ensures the invariant that the same
 * DebugEnvironmentProxy is always produced for the same underlying
 * environment (optimized or not!). This is maintained by some bookkeeping
 * information stored in DebugEnvironments.
 */

extern JSObject* GetDebugEnvironmentForFunction(JSContext* cx,
                                                HandleFunction fun);

extern JSObject* GetDebugEnvironmentForSuspendedGenerator(
    JSContext* cx, JSScript* script, AbstractGeneratorObject& genObj);

extern JSObject* GetDebugEnvironmentForFrame(JSContext* cx,
                                             AbstractFramePtr frame,
                                             jsbytecode* pc);

extern JSObject* GetDebugEnvironmentForGlobalLexicalEnvironment(JSContext* cx);
extern Scope* GetEnvironmentScope(const JSObject& env);

/* Provides debugger access to a environment. */
class DebugEnvironmentProxy : public ProxyObject {
  /*
   * The enclosing environment on the dynamic environment chain. This slot is
   * analogous to the ENCLOSING_ENV_SLOT of a EnvironmentObject.
   */
  static const unsigned ENCLOSING_SLOT = 0;

  /*
   * NullValue or a dense array holding the unaliased variables of a function
   * frame that has been popped.
   */
  static const unsigned SNAPSHOT_SLOT = 1;

 public:
  static DebugEnvironmentProxy* create(JSContext* cx, EnvironmentObject& env,
                                       HandleObject enclosing);

  // NOTE: The environment may be a debug hollow with invalid
  // enclosingEnvironment. Always use the enclosingEnvironment accessor on
  // the DebugEnvironmentProxy in order to walk the environment chain.
  EnvironmentObject& environment() const;
  JSObject& enclosingEnvironment() const;

  /* May only be called for proxies to function call objects. */
  ArrayObject* maybeSnapshot() const;
  void initSnapshot(ArrayObject& snapshot);

  // Currently, the 'declarative' environments are function, module, and
  // lexical environments.
  bool isForDeclarative() const;

  // Get a property by 'id', but returns sentinel values instead of throwing
  // on exceptional cases.
  static bool getMaybeSentinelValue(JSContext* cx,
                                    Handle<DebugEnvironmentProxy*> env,
                                    HandleId id, MutableHandleValue vp);

  // Returns true iff this is a function environment with its own this-binding
  // (all functions except arrow functions).
  bool isFunctionEnvironmentWithThis();

  // Does this debug environment not have a real counterpart or was never
  // live (and thus does not have a synthesized EnvironmentObject or a
  // snapshot)?
  bool isOptimizedOut() const;
};

/* Maintains per-realm debug environment bookkeeping information. */
class DebugEnvironments {
  Zone* zone_;

  /* The map from (non-debug) environments to debug environments. */
  ObjectWeakMap proxiedEnvs;

  /*
   * The map from live frames which have optimized-away environments to the
   * corresponding debug environments.
   */
  typedef HashMap<MissingEnvironmentKey, WeakHeapPtrDebugEnvironmentProxy,
                  MissingEnvironmentKey, ZoneAllocPolicy>
      MissingEnvironmentMap;
  MissingEnvironmentMap missingEnvs;

  /*
   * The map from environment objects of live frames to the live frame. This
   * map updated lazily whenever the debugger needs the information. In
   * between two lazy updates, liveEnvs becomes incomplete (but not invalid,
   * onPop* removes environments as they are popped). Thus, two consecutive
   * debugger lazy updates of liveEnvs need only fill in the new
   * environments.
   */
  typedef GCHashMap<WeakHeapPtr<JSObject*>, LiveEnvironmentVal,
                    MovableCellHasher<WeakHeapPtr<JSObject*>>, ZoneAllocPolicy>
      LiveEnvironmentMap;
  LiveEnvironmentMap liveEnvs;

 public:
  DebugEnvironments(JSContext* cx, Zone* zone);
  ~DebugEnvironments();

  Zone* zone() const { return zone_; }

 private:
  static DebugEnvironments* ensureRealmData(JSContext* cx);

  template <typename Environment, typename Scope>
  static void onPopGeneric(JSContext* cx, const EnvironmentIter& ei);

 public:
  void trace(JSTracer* trc);
  void sweep();
  void finish();
#ifdef JS_GC_ZEAL
  void checkHashTablesAfterMovingGC();
#endif

  // If a live frame has a synthesized entry in missingEnvs, make sure it's not
  // collected.
  void traceLiveFrame(JSTracer* trc, AbstractFramePtr frame);

  static DebugEnvironmentProxy* hasDebugEnvironment(JSContext* cx,
                                                    EnvironmentObject& env);
  static bool addDebugEnvironment(JSContext* cx, Handle<EnvironmentObject*> env,
                                  Handle<DebugEnvironmentProxy*> debugEnv);

  static DebugEnvironmentProxy* hasDebugEnvironment(JSContext* cx,
                                                    const EnvironmentIter& ei);
  static bool addDebugEnvironment(JSContext* cx, const EnvironmentIter& ei,
                                  Handle<DebugEnvironmentProxy*> debugEnv);

  static bool updateLiveEnvironments(JSContext* cx);
  static LiveEnvironmentVal* hasLiveEnvironment(EnvironmentObject& env);
  static void unsetPrevUpToDateUntil(JSContext* cx, AbstractFramePtr frame);

  // When a frame bails out from Ion to Baseline, there might be missing
  // envs keyed on, and live envs containing, the old
  // RematerializedFrame. Forward those values to the new BaselineFrame.
  static void forwardLiveFrame(JSContext* cx, AbstractFramePtr from,
                               AbstractFramePtr to);

  // When an environment is popped, we store a snapshot of its bindings that
  // live on the frame.
  //
  // This is done during frame unwinding, which cannot handle errors
  // gracefully. Errors result in no snapshot being set on the
  // DebugEnvironmentProxy.
  static void takeFrameSnapshot(JSContext* cx,
                                Handle<DebugEnvironmentProxy*> debugEnv,
                                AbstractFramePtr frame);

  // In debug-mode, these must be called whenever exiting a scope that might
  // have stack-allocated locals.
  static void onPopCall(JSContext* cx, AbstractFramePtr frame);
  static void onPopVar(JSContext* cx, const EnvironmentIter& ei);
  static void onPopLexical(JSContext* cx, const EnvironmentIter& ei);
  static void onPopLexical(JSContext* cx, AbstractFramePtr frame,
                           jsbytecode* pc);
  static void onPopWith(AbstractFramePtr frame);
  static void onPopModule(JSContext* cx, const EnvironmentIter& ei);
  static void onRealmUnsetIsDebuggee(Realm* realm);
};

} /* namespace js */

template <>
inline bool JSObject::is<js::EnvironmentObject>() const {
  return is<js::CallObject>() || is<js::VarEnvironmentObject>() ||
         is<js::ModuleEnvironmentObject>() ||
         is<js::WasmInstanceEnvironmentObject>() ||
         is<js::WasmFunctionCallObject>() ||
         is<js::LexicalEnvironmentObject>() ||
         is<js::WithEnvironmentObject>() ||
         is<js::NonSyntacticVariablesObject>() ||
         is<js::RuntimeLexicalErrorObject>();
}

template <>
bool JSObject::is<js::DebugEnvironmentProxy>() const;

namespace js {

inline bool IsSyntacticEnvironment(JSObject* env) {
  if (!env->is<EnvironmentObject>()) {
    return false;
  }

  if (env->is<WithEnvironmentObject>()) {
    return env->as<WithEnvironmentObject>().isSyntactic();
  }

  if (env->is<LexicalEnvironmentObject>()) {
    return env->as<LexicalEnvironmentObject>().isSyntactic();
  }

  if (env->is<NonSyntacticVariablesObject>()) {
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

inline bool IsExtensibleLexicalEnvironment(JSObject* env) {
  return env->is<LexicalEnvironmentObject>() &&
         env->as<LexicalEnvironmentObject>().isExtensible();
}

inline bool IsGlobalLexicalEnvironment(JSObject* env) {
  return env->is<LexicalEnvironmentObject>() &&
         env->as<LexicalEnvironmentObject>().isGlobal();
}

inline bool IsNSVOLexicalEnvironment(JSObject* env) {
  return env->is<LexicalEnvironmentObject>() &&
         env->as<LexicalEnvironmentObject>()
             .enclosingEnvironment()
             .is<NonSyntacticVariablesObject>();
}

inline JSObject* MaybeUnwrapWithEnvironment(JSObject* env) {
  if (env->is<WithEnvironmentObject>()) {
    return &env->as<WithEnvironmentObject>().object();
  }
  return env;
}

template <typename SpecificEnvironment>
inline bool IsFrameInitialEnvironment(AbstractFramePtr frame,
                                      SpecificEnvironment& env) {
  // A frame's initial environment is the innermost environment
  // corresponding to the scope chain from frame.script()->bodyScope() to
  // frame.script()->outermostScope(). This environment must be on the chain
  // for the frame to be considered initialized. That is, it must be on the
  // chain for the environment chain to fully match the scope chain at the
  // start of execution in the frame.
  //
  // This logic must be in sync with the HAS_INITIAL_ENV logic in
  // InitFromBailout.

  // A function frame's CallObject, if present, is always the initial
  // environment.
  if (mozilla::IsSame<SpecificEnvironment, CallObject>::value) {
    return true;
  }

  // For an eval frame, the VarEnvironmentObject, if present, is always the
  // initial environment.
  if (mozilla::IsSame<SpecificEnvironment, VarEnvironmentObject>::value &&
      frame.isEvalFrame()) {
    return true;
  }

  // For named lambda frames without CallObjects (i.e., no binding in the
  // body of the function was closed over), the LexicalEnvironmentObject
  // corresponding to the named lambda scope is the initial environment.
  if (mozilla::IsSame<SpecificEnvironment, NamedLambdaObject>::value &&
      frame.isFunctionFrame() &&
      frame.callee()->needsNamedLambdaEnvironment() &&
      !frame.callee()->needsCallObject()) {
    LexicalScope* namedLambdaScope = frame.script()->maybeNamedLambdaScope();
    return &env.template as<LexicalEnvironmentObject>().scope() ==
           namedLambdaScope;
  }

  return false;
}

extern bool CreateObjectsForEnvironmentChain(JSContext* cx,
                                             HandleObjectVector chain,
                                             HandleObject terminatingEnv,
                                             MutableHandleObject envObj);

ModuleObject* GetModuleObjectForScript(JSScript* script);

ModuleEnvironmentObject* GetModuleEnvironmentForScript(JSScript* script);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool GetThisValueForDebuggerFrameMaybeOptimizedOut(
    JSContext* cx, AbstractFramePtr frame, jsbytecode* pc,
    MutableHandleValue res);
MOZ_MUST_USE bool GetThisValueForDebuggerSuspendedGeneratorMaybeOptimizedOut(
    JSContext* cx, AbstractGeneratorObject& genObj, JSScript* script,
    MutableHandleValue res);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool CheckVarNameConflict(
    JSContext* cx, Handle<LexicalEnvironmentObject*> lexicalEnv,
    HandlePropertyName name);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool CheckCanDeclareGlobalBinding(JSContext* cx,
                                               Handle<GlobalObject*> global,
                                               HandlePropertyName name,
                                               bool isFunction);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool CheckLexicalNameConflict(
    JSContext* cx, Handle<LexicalEnvironmentObject*> lexicalEnv,
    HandleObject varObj, HandlePropertyName name);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool CheckGlobalDeclarationConflicts(
    JSContext* cx, HandleScript script,
    Handle<LexicalEnvironmentObject*> lexicalEnv, HandleObject varObj);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool CheckGlobalOrEvalDeclarationConflicts(JSContext* cx,
                                                        HandleObject envChain,
                                                        HandleScript script);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool InitFunctionEnvironmentObjects(JSContext* cx,
                                                 AbstractFramePtr frame);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool PushVarEnvironmentObject(JSContext* cx, HandleScope scope,
                                           AbstractFramePtr frame);

MOZ_MUST_USE bool GetFrameEnvironmentAndScope(JSContext* cx,
                                              AbstractFramePtr frame,
                                              jsbytecode* pc,
                                              MutableHandleObject env,
                                              MutableHandleScope scope);

void GetSuspendedGeneratorEnvironmentAndScope(AbstractGeneratorObject& genObj,
                                              JSScript* script,
                                              MutableHandleObject env,
                                              MutableHandleScope scope);

#ifdef DEBUG
bool AnalyzeEntrainedVariables(JSContext* cx, HandleScript script);
#endif

}  // namespace js

#endif /* vm_EnvironmentObject_h */