Use UTF-8 when using getBytes

core/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/core/data/PojoCloudEventDataTest.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package io.cloudevents.core.data;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -8,23 +10,23 @@ class PojoCloudEventDataTest {
 
     @Test
     void testWrapAndMemoization() {
-        PojoCloudEventData<Integer> data = PojoCloudEventData.wrap(10, i -> i.toString().getBytes());
+        PojoCloudEventData<Integer> data = PojoCloudEventData.wrap(10, i -> i.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
 
         assertThat(data.getValue())
             .isEqualTo(10);
 
         byte[] firstConversion = data.toBytes();
 
         assertThat(firstConversion)
-            .isEqualTo("10".getBytes());
+            .isEqualTo("10".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
 
         assertThat(data.toBytes())
             .isSameAs(firstConversion);
     }
 
     @Test
     void testAlreadySerializedValue() {
-        byte[] serialized = "10".getBytes();
+        byte[] serialized = "10".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
         PojoCloudEventData<Integer> data = PojoCloudEventData.wrap(10, v -> serialized);
 
         assertThat(data.getValue())

core/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/core/mock/CSVFormat.java

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public byte[] serialize(CloudEvent event) {
             event.getData() != null
                 ? new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(event.getData().toBytes()), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
                 : "null"
-        ).getBytes();
+        ).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public CloudEvent deserialize(byte[] bytes, CloudEventDataMapper mapper) {
         URI dataschema = splitted[5].equals("null") ? null : URI.create(splitted[5]);
         String subject = splitted[6].equals("null") ? null : splitted[6];
         OffsetDateTime time = splitted[7].equals("null") ? null : Time.parseTime(splitted[7]);
-        byte[] data = splitted[8].equals("null") ? null : Base64.getDecoder().decode(splitted[8].getBytes());
+        byte[] data = splitted[8].equals("null") ? null : Base64.getDecoder().decode(splitted[8].getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
 
         CloudEventBuilder builder = CloudEventBuilder.fromSpecVersion(sv)
             .withId(id)

core/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/core/mock/MyCloudEventData.java

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package io.cloudevents.core.mock;
 
 import io.cloudevents.CloudEventData;
-
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 public class MyCloudEventData implements CloudEventData {
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public MyCloudEventData(int value) {
 
     @Override
     public byte[] toBytes() {
-        return Integer.toString(value).getBytes();
+        return Integer.toString(value).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     }
 
     public int getValue() {

core/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/core/test/Data.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
@@ -39,9 +40,9 @@ public class Data {
     public static final String SUBJECT = "sub";
     public static final OffsetDateTime TIME = Time.parseTime("2018-04-26T14:48:09+02:00");
 
-    public static byte[] DATA_JSON_SERIALIZED = "{}".getBytes();
-    public static byte[] DATA_XML_SERIALIZED = "<stuff></stuff>".getBytes();
-    public static byte[] DATA_TEXT_SERIALIZED = "Hello World Lorena!".getBytes();
+    public static byte[] DATA_JSON_SERIALIZED = "{}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    public static byte[] DATA_XML_SERIALIZED = "<stuff></stuff>".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    public static byte[] DATA_TEXT_SERIALIZED = "Hello World Lorena!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     public static byte[] BINARY_VALUE = { (byte) 0xE0, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0xAA }; // Base64: 4P8ARKo=
 
     public static final CloudEvent V1_MIN = CloudEventBuilder.v1()

docs/core.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ final CloudEvent event = CloudEventBuilder.v1()
     .withId("000")
     .withType("example.demo")
     .withSource(URI.create("http://example.com"))
-    .withData("text/plain","Hello world!".getBytes())
+    .withData("text/plain","Hello world!".getBytes("UTF-8"))
     .build();
 ```
 

examples/amqp-proton/src/main/java/io/cloudevents/examples/amqp/vertx/AmqpClient.java

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
 /**
  * A example vertx-based AMQP client that interacts with a remote AMQP server to send and receive CloudEvent messages.
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ private static void sendMessage() {
                 .withSource(URI.create("http://127.0.0.1/amqp-client"))
                 .withType("com.example.sampletype1")
                 .withTime(Time.parseTime("2020-11-06T21:47:12.037467+00:00"))
-                    .withData(payload.toString().getBytes())
+                    .withData(payload.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                     .build();
 
             final Message message = ProtonAmqpMessageFactory.createWriter().writeBinary(event);

examples/amqp-proton/src/main/java/io/cloudevents/examples/amqp/vertx/AmqpServer.java

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ private static void onConnectRequest(final ProtonConnection con) {
                         .withType("com.example.sampletype1")
                         .withSource(URI.create("http://127.0.0.1/amqp-server"))
                         .withTime(OffsetDateTime.now())
-                        .withData("{\"temp\": 5}".getBytes())
+                        .withData("{\"temp\": 5}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                         .build();
 
                 final Message message = writer.writeBinary(event);

examples/kafka/src/main/java/io/cloudevents/examples/kafka/SampleProducer.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
 
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
                 // Create the event starting from the template
                 CloudEvent event = eventTemplate.newBuilder()
                     .withId(id)
-                    .withData("text/plain", data.getBytes())
+                    .withData("text/plain", data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                     .build();
 
                 // Send the record

examples/restful-ws-microprofile-liberty/src/main/java/io/cloudevents/examples/microprofile/CloudEventsJaxrsService.java

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ public class CloudEventsJaxrsService {
     public CloudEvent retrieveEvent(){
         System.out.println("Received request for an event");
         return CloudEventBuilder.v1()
-                .withData("{\"message\":\"Welcome to this Cloudevents + Microprofile example\"}".getBytes())
+                .withData("{\"message\":\"Welcome to this Cloudevents + Microprofile example\"}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                 .withDataContentType("application/json")
                 .withId("hello")
                 .withType("example.http")
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public Response postEvent(CloudEvent event){
     @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
     public CloudEvent echo(CloudEvent event){
         return CloudEventBuilder.v1()
-                .withData("application/json", ("{\"echo\": \"" + new String(event.getData().toBytes(),StandardCharsets.UTF_8) + "\"}").getBytes())
+                .withData("application/json", ("{\"echo\": \"" + new String(event.getData().toBytes(),StandardCharsets.UTF_8) + "\"}").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                 .withId("echo")
                 .withType("echo.http")
                 .withSource(URI.create("http://localhost"))

examples/spring-reactive/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/examples/spring/DemoApplicationTests.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package io.cloudevents.examples.spring;
 
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ void structuredRequestResponseCloudEventToString() {
                 .bodyValue(CloudEventBuilder.v1() //
                         .withId("12345") //
                         .withType("io.spring.event") //
-                        .withSource(URI.create("https://spring.io/events")).withData("{\"value\":\"Dave\"}".getBytes()) //
+                        .withSource(URI.create("https://spring.io/events")).withData("{\"value\":\"Dave\"}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) //
                         .build()) //
                 .exchange() //
                 .expectStatus().isOk() //
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ void structuredRequestResponseCloudEventToCloudEvent() {
                         .withId("12345") //
                         .withType("io.spring.event") //
                         .withSource(URI.create("https://spring.io/events")) //
-                        .withData("{\"value\":\"Dave\"}".getBytes()) //
+                        .withData("{\"value\":\"Dave\"}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) //
                         .build()) //
                 .exchange() //
                 .expectStatus().isOk() //

examples/spring-reactive/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/examples/spring/WebClientTests.java

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ void setUp() {
                 .withId("12345") //
                 .withSource(URI.create("https://spring.io/events")) //
                 .withType("io.spring.event") //
-                .withData("{\"value\":\"Dave\"}".getBytes()) //
+                .withData("{\"value\":\"Dave\"}".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) //
                 .build();
     }
 

examples/vertx/src/main/java/io/cloudevents/examples/vertx/SampleHTTPClient.java

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 import io.vertx.ext.web.client.WebClient;
 
 import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
 public class SampleHTTPClient {
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
             // Create the event starting from the template
             final CloudEvent event = eventTemplate.newBuilder()
                 .withId(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
-                .withData("text/plain", data.getBytes())
+                .withData("text/plain", data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                 .build();
 
             Future<HttpResponse<Buffer>> responseFuture;

formats/json-jackson/src/main/java/io/cloudevents/jackson/CloudEventDeserializer.java

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import io.cloudevents.core.data.BytesCloudEventData;
 import io.cloudevents.rw.*;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /**
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ public <T extends CloudEventWriter<V>, V> V read(CloudEventWriterFactory<T, V> w
                                 } else {
                                     JsonNode dataNode = node.remove("data");
                                     assertNodeType(dataNode, JsonNodeType.STRING, "data", "Because content type is not a json, only a string is accepted as data");
-                                    data = BytesCloudEventData.wrap(dataNode.asText().getBytes());
+                                    data = BytesCloudEventData.wrap(dataNode.asText().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ public <T extends CloudEventWriter<V>, V> V read(CloudEventWriterFactory<T, V> w
                             } else {
                                 JsonNode dataNode = node.remove("data");
                                 assertNodeType(dataNode, JsonNodeType.STRING, "data", "Because content type is not a json, only a string is accepted as data");
-                                data = BytesCloudEventData.wrap(dataNode.asText().getBytes());
+                                data = BytesCloudEventData.wrap(dataNode.asText().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                             }
                         }
                 }

formats/json-jackson/src/main/java/io/cloudevents/jackson/JsonCloudEventData.java

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 import io.cloudevents.CloudEventData;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ public JsonCloudEventData(JsonNode node) {
 
     @Override
     public byte[] toBytes() {
-        return node.toString().getBytes();
+        return node.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
     }
 
     /**

formats/json-jackson/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/jackson/JsonFormatTest.java

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ private static byte[] loadFile(String input) {
             return String.join(
                 "",
                 Files.readAllLines(Paths.get(Objects.requireNonNull(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource(input)).toURI()), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
-            ).getBytes();
+            ).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
         } catch (IOException | URISyntaxException e) {
             throw new RuntimeException(e);
         }

formats/json-jackson/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/jackson/PojoCloudEventDataMapperTest.java

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ public class PojoCloudEventDataMapperTest {
     public void testWithBytes(PojoCloudEventDataMapper<MyPojo> mapper) {
 
         CloudEvent event = CloudEventBuilder.v1(Data.V1_MIN)
-            .withData("application/json", myPojoSerialized.getBytes())
+            .withData("application/json", myPojoSerialized.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
             .build();
 
         PojoCloudEventData<MyPojo> mappedData = CloudEventUtils.mapData(

kafka/src/main/java/io/cloudevents/kafka/impl/BaseKafkaMessageWriterImpl.java

@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 import io.cloudevents.core.message.MessageWriter;
 import io.cloudevents.rw.CloudEventRWException;
 import io.cloudevents.rw.CloudEventWriter;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
 import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Headers;
 import org.apache.kafka.common.header.internals.RecordHeader;
 
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ public BaseKafkaMessageWriterImpl<R> withContextAttribute(String name, String va
         if (headerName == null) {
             headerName = KafkaHeaders.CE_PREFIX + name;
         }
-        headers.add(new RecordHeader(headerName, value.getBytes()));
+        headers.add(new RecordHeader(headerName, value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ public R end(CloudEventData value) throws CloudEventRWException {
 
     @Override
     public R setEvent(EventFormat format, byte[] value) throws CloudEventRWException {
-        this.headers.add(new RecordHeader(KafkaHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, format.serializedContentType().getBytes()));
+        this.headers.add(new RecordHeader(KafkaHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, format.serializedContentType().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
         this.value = value;
         return this.end();
     }

kafka/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/kafka/CloudEventDeserializerTest.java

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import org.apache.kafka.common.header.Headers;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ public void deserializerWithMapper() {
         testDeserialize(
             deserializer,
             CloudEventBuilder.v1(Data.V1_MIN)
-                .withData("application/json", "10".getBytes())
+                .withData("application/json", "10".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
                 .build(),
             CloudEventBuilder.v1(Data.V1_MIN)
                 .withData("application/json", new MyCloudEventData(10))

kafka/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/kafka/KafkaMessageFactoryTest.java

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static io.cloudevents.core.test.Data.*;
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ public void readStructured(CloudEvent event) {
         byte[] serializedEvent = CSVFormat.INSTANCE.serialize(event);
 
         MessageReader message = KafkaMessageFactory.createReader(
-            new RecordHeaders().add("content-type", (CSVFormat.INSTANCE.serializedContentType() + "; charset=utf8").getBytes()),
+            new RecordHeaders().add("content-type", (CSVFormat.INSTANCE.serializedContentType() + "; charset=utf8").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)),
             serializedEvent
         );
 

kafka/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/kafka/KafkaProducerMessageWriterTest.java

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static io.cloudevents.core.test.Data.*;
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ void testRequestWithStructured(CloudEvent event) {
         assertThat(producerRecord.key())
             .isEqualTo(key);
         assertThat(producerRecord.headers())
-            .containsExactly(new RecordHeader(KafkaHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, expectedContentType.getBytes()));
+            .containsExactly(new RecordHeader(KafkaHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, expectedContentType.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
         assertThat(producerRecord.value())
             .isEqualTo(expectedBuffer);
     }

kafka/src/test/java/io/cloudevents/kafka/KafkaUtils.java

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 package io.cloudevents.kafka;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
 import org.apache.kafka.common.header.internals.RecordHeader;
 import org.apache.kafka.common.header.internals.RecordHeaders;
 
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ static RecordHeaders kafkaHeaders(RecordHeader... headers) {
     }
 
     static RecordHeader header(String key, String value) {
-        return new RecordHeader(key, value.getBytes());
+        return new RecordHeader(key, value.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
     }
 
 }