feat: refactor type system and add vector type, support stl index

[skyzh]

This pull request refactors the type system and supports more indexes in the system.

• binder,planner: support using when creating index. users can choose to create hash table index or btree index.
• index: add stl wrapper into the system. the btree wrapper and hash htable wrapper are now part of the starter code.
• binder: support bind float.
• type: add vector type
• type: refactor the system to represent a type by using Column. for example, VARCHAR(8) will have type id as varchar and the width is stored in the column struct. expressions and planner have been refactored to take this into account. fixed several bugs related to data width inference.
• add array expressions for vector type. see vector.slt on how to use them. i.e., SELECT ARRAY [1.0, 2.0];
• tuple: slightly change the tuple format and fix several size computation mistakes.

[AveryQi115]

u r crazy🤣🤣🤣🤣oh my gosh

[skyzh]

the vector thing is for my upcoming vector db tutorial... feel free to ask me to drop if it is not ready for you to maintain.

[AveryQi115]

the vector thing is for my upcoming vector db tutorial... feel free to ask me to drop if it is not ready for you to maintain.

No, it is definitely sooooo cool to have vector support in bustub! 🥹

[ChaosZhai]

Wanted to further refactor index creation this semester now it's done already 🤯👍

[yliang412]

Great! I will take a look later today.

[yliang412]

LGTM.