sql: fix literal integer expression typing

[mgartner]

A recent change in #73762 ensures that a literal integer does not exceed the minimum or maximum value of its type. This caused a subtle regression in default expressions. The table below should be successfully created, even though the default value exceeds the columns maximum value.

CREATE TABLE t (i INT2 DEFAULT 99999999)

Currently we type the default expression as an INT2, but to make this behavior work, I think we'll have to type the expression as an INT8.

Jira issue: CRDB-11913

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