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<html dir="ltr" lang="en"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<!-- base href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script" --><title>Script - Bitcoin</title><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.19alpha"><meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""></head><body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Script action-view skin-vector"><div style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: -1px -1px 0pt; padding: 0pt;"><div style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(221, 221, 221); border: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font: 13px arial,sans-serif; margin: 12px; padding: 8px; text-align: left;">Dies ist der Cache von Google von <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script</a>. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Abbild der Seite, wie diese am 20. Okt. 2011 16:27:03 GMT angezeigt wurde. Die <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">aktuelle Seite</a> sieht mittlerweile eventuell anders aus. <a href="http://www.google.com/intl/de/help/features_list.html#cached" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Weitere Informationen</a><br><br><div style="float: right;"><a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:isSyIy2stOMJ:https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Script+bitcoin+script&hl=de&strip=0" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 0, 204);">Vollständige Version</a></div>
<div>Diese Suchbegriffe sind markiert: <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 102); color: black; font-weight: bold;">bitcoin</span> <span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(160, 255, 255); color: black; font-weight: bold;">script</span> </div></div></div><div style="position: relative;">
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"><b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">Script</b></h1>
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<div dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en"><p><b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Bitcoin</b> uses a scripting system for <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Transactions" title="Transactions">transactions</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORTH" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:FORTH">Forth</a>-like, <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">Script</b> is simple, stack-based, and processed from left to right. It is purposefully not Turing-complete, with no loops or nesting <i>if</i> statements.
</p><p>A <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">script</b>
is essentially a list of instructions recorded with each transaction
that describe how the next person wanting to spend the Bitcoins being
transferred can gain access to them. The <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">script</b> for a typical <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Bitcoin</b> transfer to destination <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Bitcoin</b> address D simply encumbers future spending of the bitcoins with two things: the spender must provide
</p>
<ol><li> a public key that, when hashed, yields destination address D embedded in the <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">script</b>, and
</li><li> a signature to show evidence of the private key corresponding to the public key just provided.
</li></ol>
<p>Scripting provides the flexibility to change the parameters of what's
needed to spend transferred Bitcoins. For example, the scripting
system could be used to require two private keys, or a combination of
several, or even no keys at all.
</p><p>A transaction is valid if nothing in the combined <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">script</b> triggers failure and the top stack item is true (1). The party who originally <i>sent</i> the Bitcoins now being spent, dictates the <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">script</b> operations that will occur <i>last</i>
in order to release them for use in another transaction. The party
wanting to spend them must provide the input(s) to the previously
recorded <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">script</b> that results in those operations occurring last leaving behind true (1).
</p><p>Scripts are big-endian. (Is all data, also?)
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Words">1 Words</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Constants">1.1 Constants</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Flow_control">1.2 Flow control</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Stack">1.3 Stack</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Splice">1.4 Splice</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Bitwise_logic">1.5 Bitwise logic</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Arithmetic">1.6 Arithmetic</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Crypto">1.7 Crypto</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Pseudo-words">1.8 Pseudo-words</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Reserved_words">1.9 Reserved words</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Scripts">2 Scripts</a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Standard_Transaction_to_Bitcoin_address">2.1 Standard Transaction to <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Bitcoin</b> address</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Standard_Generation_.2F_transaction_to_IP_address">2.2 Standard Generation / transaction to IP address</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Transaction_with_a_message">2.3 Transaction with a message</a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Example_non_standard_transaction_on_Testnet">2.4 Example non standard transaction on Testnet</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_Also">3 See Also</a></li>
</ul>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2>[<a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Words">edit</a>] Words </h2>
<p>This is a list of all <b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(160, 255, 255);">Script</b> words (commands/functions). Some are currently disabled for security reasons.
</p><p>True=1 and False=0.
</p>
<h3>[<a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Constants">edit</a>] Constants </h3>
<p>When talking about scripts, these value-pushing words are usually omitted.
</p>
Word
Opcode
Input
Output
Description
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody>
<tr>
<td>OP_0, OP_FALSE
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>Nothing.
</td>
<td>0
</td>
<td>The number 0 is pushed onto the stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>N/A
</td>
<td>1-75
</td>
<td>(special)
</td>
<td>data
</td>
<td>The next <i>opcode</i> bytes is data to be pushed onto the stack
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_PUSHDATA1
</td>
<td>76
</td>
<td>(special)
</td>
<td>data
</td>
<td>The next byte contains the number of bytes to be pushed onto the stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_PUSHDATA2
</td>
<td>77
</td>
<td>(special)
</td>
<td>data
</td>
<td>The next two bytes contain the number of bytes to be pushed onto the stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_PUSHDATA4
</td>
<td>78
</td>
<td>(special)
</td>
<td>data
</td>
<td>The next four bytes contain the number of bytes to be pushed onto the stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_1NEGATE
</td>
<td>79
</td>
<td>Nothing.
</td>
<td>-1
</td>
<td>The number -1 is pushed onto the stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_1, OP_TRUE
</td>
<td>81
</td>
<td>Nothing.
</td>
<td>1
</td>
<td>The number 1 is pushed onto the stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_2-OP_16
</td>
<td>82-96
</td>
<td>Nothing.
</td>
<td>2-16
</td>
<td>The number in the word name (2-16) is pushed onto the stack.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
<h3>[<a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flow control">edit</a>] Flow control </h3>
Word
Opcode
Input
Output
Description
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody>
<tr>
<td>OP_NOP
</td>
<td>97
</td>
<td>Nothing
</td>
<td>Nothing
</td>
<td>Does nothing.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_IF
</td>
<td>99
</td>
<td colspan="2"><expression> if [statements] [else [statements]] endif
</td>
<td>If the top stack value is 1, the statements are executed. The top stack value is removed.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_NOTIF
</td>
<td>100
</td>
<td colspan="2"><expression> if [statements] [else [statements]] endif
</td>
<td>If the top stack value is 0, the statements are executed. The top stack value is removed.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_ELSE
</td>
<td>103
</td>
<td colspan="2"><expression> if [statements] [else [statements]] endif
</td>
<td>If the preceding OP_IF or OP_NOTIF was not executed then these statements are.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_ENDIF
</td>
<td>104
</td>
<td colspan="2"><expression> if [statements] [else [statements]] endif
</td>
<td>Ends an if/else block.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_VERIFY
</td>
<td>105
</td>
<td>True / false
</td>
<td>Nothing / False
</td>
<td><b>Marks transaction as invalid</b> if top stack value is not true. True is removed, but false is not.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_RETURN
</td>
<td>106
</td>
<td>Nothing
</td>
<td>Nothing
</td>
<td><b>Marks transaction as invalid</b>.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
<h3>[<a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stack">edit</a>] Stack </h3>
Word
Opcode
Input
Output
Description
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody>
<tr>
<td>OP_TOALTSTACK
</td>
<td>107
</td>
<td>x1
</td>
<td>(alt)x1
</td>
<td>Puts the input onto the top of the alt stack. Removes it from the main stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_FROMALTSTACK
</td>
<td>108
</td>
<td>(alt)x1
</td>
<td>x1
</td>
<td>Puts the input onto the top of the main stack. Removes it from the alt stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_IFDUP
</td>
<td>115
</td>
<td>x
</td>
<td>x / x x
</td>
<td>If the input is true or false, duplicate it.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_DEPTH
</td>
<td>116
</td>
<td>Nothing
</td>
<td><Stack size>
</td>
<td>Puts the number of stack items onto the stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_DROP
</td>
<td>117
</td>
<td>x
</td>
<td>Nothing
</td>
<td>Removes the top stack item.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_DUP
</td>
<td>118
</td>
<td>x
</td>
<td>x x
</td>
<td>Duplicates the top stack item.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_NIP
</td>
<td>119
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>x2
</td>
<td>Removes the second-to-top stack item.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_OVER
</td>
<td>120
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x1
</td>
<td>Copies the second-to-top stack item to the top.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_PICK
</td>
<td>121
</td>
<td>xn ... x2 x1 x0 <n>
</td>
<td>xn ... x2 x1 x0 xn
</td>
<td>The item <i>n</i> back in the stack is copied to the top.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_ROLL
</td>
<td>122
</td>
<td>xn ... x2 x1 x0 <n>
</td>
<td>... x2 x1 x0 xn
</td>
<td>The item <i>n</i> back in the stack is moved to the top.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_ROT
</td>
<td>123
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x3
</td>
<td>x2 x3 x1
</td>
<td>The top three items on the stack are rotated to the left.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_SWAP
</td>
<td>124
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>x2 x1
</td>
<td>The top two items on the stack are swapped.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_TUCK
</td>
<td>125
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>x2 x1 x2
</td>
<td>The item at the top of the stack is copied and inserted before the second-to-top item.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_2DROP
</td>
<td>109
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>Nothing
</td>
<td>Removes the top two stack items.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_2DUP
</td>
<td>110
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x1 x2
</td>
<td>Duplicates the top two stack items.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_3DUP
</td>
<td>111
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x3
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3
</td>
<td>Duplicates the top three stack items.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_2OVER
</td>
<td>112
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x3 x4
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x3 x4 x1 x2
</td>
<td>Copies the pair of items two spaces back in the stack to the front.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_2ROT
</td>
<td>113
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6
</td>
<td>x3 x4 x5 x6 x1 x2
</td>
<td>The fifth and sixth items back are moved to the top of the stack.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_2SWAP
</td>
<td>114
</td>
<td>x1 x2 x3 x4
</td>
<td>x3 x4 x1 x2
</td>
<td>Swaps the top two pairs of items.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
<h3>[<a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Splice">edit</a>] Splice </h3>
Word
Opcode
Input
Output
Description
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody>
<tr>
<td>OP_CAT
</td>
<td>126
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Concatenates two strings. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_SUBSTR
</td>
<td>127
</td>
<td>in begin size
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Returns a section of a string. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_LEFT
</td>
<td>128
</td>
<td>in size
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Keeps only characters left of the specified point in a string. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_RIGHT
</td>
<td>129
</td>
<td>in size
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Keeps only characters right of the specified point in a string. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_SIZE
</td>
<td>130
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>in size
</td>
<td>Returns the length of the input string.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
<h3>[<a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bitwise logic">edit</a>] Bitwise logic </h3>
Word
Opcode
Input
Output
Description
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody>
<tr>
<td>OP_INVERT
</td>
<td>131
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Flips all of the bits in the input. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_AND
</td>
<td>132
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Boolean <i>and</i> between each bit in the inputs. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_OR
</td>
<td>133
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Boolean <i>or</i> between each bit in the inputs. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_XOR
</td>
<td>134
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Boolean <i>exclusive or</i> between each bit in the inputs. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_EQUAL
</td>
<td>135
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>True / false
</td>
<td>Returns 1 if the inputs are exactly equal, 0 otherwise.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_EQUALVERIFY
</td>
<td>136
</td>
<td>x1 x2
</td>
<td>True / false
</td>
<td>Same as OP_EQUAL, but runs OP_VERIFY afterward.
</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
<h3>[<a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/w/index.php?title=Script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arithmetic">edit</a>] Arithmetic </h3>
Word
Opcode
Input
Output
Description
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
</tr>
</tbody><tbody>
<tr>
<td>OP_1ADD
</td>
<td>139
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>1 is added to the input.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_1SUB
</td>
<td>140
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>1 is subtracted from the input.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_2MUL
</td>
<td>141
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>The input is multiplied by 2. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_2DIV
</td>
<td>142
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>The input is divided by 2. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_NEGATE
</td>
<td>143
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>The sign of the input is flipped.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_ABS
</td>
<td>144
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>The input is made positive.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_NOT
</td>
<td>145
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>If the input is 0 or 1, it is flipped. Otherwise the output will be 0.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_0NOTEQUAL
</td>
<td>146
</td>
<td>in
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Returns 1 if the input is 0. 0 otherwise.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_ADD
</td>
<td>147
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>a is added to b.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_SUB
</td>
<td>148
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>b is subtracted from a.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_MUL
</td>
<td>149
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>a is multiplied by b. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_DIV
</td>
<td>150
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>a is divided by b. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_MOD
</td>
<td>151
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Returns the remainder after dividing a by b. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_LSHIFT
</td>
<td>152
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Shifts a left b bits, preserving sign. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_RSHIFT
</td>
<td>153
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Shifts a right b bits, preserving sign. <i>Currently disabled.</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_BOOLAND
</td>
<td>154
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>If both a and b are not 0, the output is 1. Otherwise 0.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_BOOLOR
</td>
<td>155
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>If a or b is not 0, the output is 1. Otherwise 0.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_NUMEQUAL
</td>
<td>156
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Returns 1 if the numbers are equal, 0 otherwise.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY
</td>
<td>157
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Same as OP_NUMEQUAL, but runs OP_VERIFY afterward.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_NUMNOTEQUAL
</td>
<td>158
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Returns 1 if the numbers are not equal, 0 otherwise.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_LESSTHAN
</td>
<td>159
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Returns 1 if a is less than b, 0 otherwise.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_GREATERTHAN
</td>
<td>160
</td>
<td>a b
</td>
<td>out
</td>
<td>Returns 1 if a is greater than b, 0 otherwise.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>OP_LESSTHANOREQUAL
</td>
<td>161
</td>
<td>a b
</td>