Documentation: Create Lesson2.md

Lesson 2 goes over:
-Setting up an account on gerrit
-Cloning coreboot
-Submiting a commit using git

Change-Id: I756b273cf832fc014ba2077a5a4fe4d8009aae6d
Signed-off-by: Evelyn Huang <evhuang@google.com>
Reviewed-on: https://review.coreboot.org/20212
Tested-by: build bot (Jenkins) <no-reply@coreboot.org>
Reviewed-by: Martin Roth <martinroth@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Menzel <paulepanter@users.sourceforge.net>

Documentation/Lesson2.md

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+# coreboot Lesson 2: Submitting a patch to coreboot.org
+
+## Part 1: Setting up an account at coreboot.org
+
+If you already have an account, skip to Part 2.
+
+Otherwise, go to <https://review.coreboot.org> in your preferred web browser.
+Select **Register** in the upper right corner.
+
+Select the appropriate sign-in. For example, if you have a Google account,
+select **Google OAuth2** (gerrit-oauth-provider plugin)".**Note:** Your
+username for the account will be the username of the account you used to
+sign-in with. (ex. your Google username).
+
+## Part 2a: Set up RSA Private/Public Key
+
+If you prefer to use an HTTP password instead, skip to Part 2b.
+
+For the most up-to-date instructions on how to set up SSH keys with Gerrit go to
+<https://gerrit-documentation.storage.googleapis.com/Documentation/2.14.2/user-upload.html#configure_ssh)>
+and follow the instructions there. Then, skip to Part 3.
+
+Additonally, that section of the Web site provides explanation on starting
+an ssh-agent, which may be particularly helpful for those who anticipate
+frequently uploading changes.
+
+If you instead prefer to have review.coreboot.org specific instructions,
+follow the steps below. Note that this particular section may have the
+most up-to-date instructions.
+
+If you do not have an RSA key set up on your account already (as is the case
+with a newly created account), follow the instructions below; otherwise,
+doing so could overwrite an existing key.
+
+In the upper right corner, select your name and click on **Settings**.
+Select **SSH Public Keys** on the left-hand side.
+
+In a terminal, run "ssh-keygen" and confirm the default path ".ssh/id_rsa".
+
+Make a passphrase -- remember this phrase. It will be needed whenever you use
+this RSA Public Key. **Note:** You might want to use a short password, or
+forego the password altogether as you will be using it very often.
+
+Open "id_rsa.pub", copy all contents and paste into the textbox under
+"Add SSH Public Key" in the https://review.coreboot.org webpage.
+
+## Part 2b: Setting up an HTTP Password
+
+Alternatively, instead of using SSH keys, you can use an HTTP password. To do so,
+after you select your name and click on **Settings** on the left-hand side, rather
+than selecting **SSH Public Keys**, select **HTTP Password**.
+
+Click **Generate Password**. This should fill the "Password" box with a password. Copy
+the password, and add the following to your $HOME/.netrc file:
+
+	machine review.coreboot.org login YourUserNameHere password YourPasswordHere
+
+where YourUserNameHere is your username, and YourPasswordHere is the password you
+just generated.
+
+## Part 3: Clone coreboot and configure it for submitting patches
+
+Go to the **Projects** tab in the upper left corner and select **List**.
+From the dropdown menu that appears, select "coreboot".
+
+If you are using SSH keys, select **ssh** from the tabs under "Project coreboot"
+and run the command that appears. This should prompt you for your id_rsa passphrase,
+if you previously set one.
+
+If you are using HTTP, instead, select **http** from the tabs under "Project coreboot"
+and run the command that appears
+
+After it finishes cloning, "cd coreboot" will take you into the local
+git repository. Run "make gitconfig" to set up the hooks and configurations.
+For example, you will be asked to run the following commands to set your
+username and email.
+
+	git config --global user.name "Your Name"
+	git config --global user.email "Your Email"
+
+## Part 4: Submit a commit
+
+An easy first commit to make is fixing existing checkpatch errors and warnings
+in the source files. To see errors that are already present, build the files in
+the repository by running 'make lint' in the coreboot directory. Alternatively,
+if you want to run 'make lint' on a specific directory, run:
+
+	for file in $(git ls-files | grep src/amd/quadcore); do \
+	util/lint/checkpatch.pl --file $file --terse; done
+
+where <filepath> is the filepath of the directory (ex. src/cpu/amd/car).
+
+Any changes made to files under the src directory are made locally,
+and can be submitted for review.
+
+Once you finish making your desired changes, use the command line to stage
+and submit your changes. An alternative and potentially easier way to stage
+and submit commits is to use git cola, a graphical user interface for git. For
+instructions on how to do so, skip to Part 4b.
+
+## Part 4a: Using the command line to stage and submit a commit
+
+To use the command line to stage a commit, run
+
+	git add <filename>
+
+where `filename` is the name of your file.
+
+To commit the change, run
+
+	git commit -s
+
+**Note:** The -s adds a signed-off-by line by the commiter. Your commit should be
+signed off with your name and email (i.e. **Your Name** **<Your Email>**, based on
+what you set with git config earlier).
+
+Running git commit first checks for any errors and warnings using lint. If
+there are any, you must go back and fix them before submitting your commit.
+You can do so by making the necessary changes, and then staging your commit again.
+
+When there are no errors or warnings, your default text editor will open.
+This is where you will write your commit message.
+
+The first line of your commit message is your commit summary. This is a brief
+one-line description of what you changed in the files using the template
+below:
+
+<filepath>: Short description
+*ex. cpu/amd/pi/00630F01: Fix checkpatch warnings and errors*
+**Note:** It is good practice to use present tense in your descriptions
+and do not punctuate your summary.
+
+Then hit Enter. The next paragraph should be a more in-depth explanation of the
+changes you've made to the files. Again, it is good practice to use present
+tense.
+*ex.  Fix space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis,
+line over 80 characters, unnecessary braces for single statement blocks,
+space required before open brace errors and warnings.*
+
+When you have finished writing your commit message, save and exit the text
+editor. You have finished committing your change. If, after submitting your
+commit, you wish to make changes to it, running "git commit --amend" allows
+you to take back your commit and amend it.
+
+When you are done with your commit, run 'git push' to push your commit to
+coreboot.org. **Note:** To submit as a draft, use
+'git push origin HEAD:refs/drafts/master' Submitting as a draft means that
+your commit will be on coreboot.org, but is only visible to those you add
+as reviewers.
+
+## Part 4b: Using git cola to stage and submit a commit
+
+If git cola is not installed on your machine, see
+https://git-cola.github.io/downloads.html for download instructions.
+
+After making some edits to src files, rather than run "git add," run
+'git cola' from the command line. You should see all of the files
+edited under "Modified".
+
+In the textbox labeled "Commit summary" provide a brief one-line
+description of what you changed in the files according to the template
+below:
+
+<filepath>: Short description
+*ex. cpu/amd/pi/00630F01: Fix checkpatch warnings and errors*
+**Note:** It is good practice to use present tense in your descriptions
+and do not punctuate your short description.
+
+In the larger text box labeled 'Extended description...' provide a more
+in-depth explanation of the changes you've made to the files. Again, it
+is good practice to use present tense.
+*ex.  Fix space prohibited between function name and open parenthesis,
+line over 80 characters, unnecessary braces for single statement blocks,
+space required before open brace errors and warnings.*
+
+Then press Enter two times to move the cursor to below your description.
+To the left of the text boxes, there is an icon with an downward arrow.
+Press the arrow and select "Sign Off." Make sure that you are signing off
+with your name and email (i.e. **Your Name** **<Your Email>**, based on what
+you set with git config earlier).
+
+Now, review each of your changes and mark either individual changes or
+an entire file as Ready to Commit by marking it as 'Staged'. To do
+this, select one file from the 'Modified' list. If you only want to
+submit particular changes from each file, then highlight the red and
+green lines for your changes, right click and select 'Stage Selected
+Lines'. Alternatively, if an entire file is ready to be committed, just
+double click on the file under 'Modified' and it will be marked as
+Staged.
+
+Once the descriptions are done and all the edits you would like to
+commit have been staged, press 'Commit' on the right of the text
+boxes.
+
+If the commit fails due to persisting errors, a text box will appear
+showing the errors. You can correct these errors within 'git cola' by
+right-clicking on the file in which the error occurred and selecting
+'Launch Diff Tool'. Make necessary corrections, close the Diff Tool and
+'Stage' the corrected file again. It might be necessary to refresh
+'git cola' in order for the file to be shown under 'Modified' again.
+Note: Be sure to add any other changes that haven't already been
+explained in the extended description.
+
+When ready, select 'Commit' again. Once all errors have been satisfied
+and the commit succeeds, move to the command line and run 'git push'.
+**Note:** To submit as a draft, use 'git push origin HEAD:refs/drafts/master'
+Submitting as a draft means that your commit will be on coreboot.org, but is
+only visible to those you add as reviewers.
+
+## Part 5: Getting your commit reviewed
+
+Your commits can now be seen on review.coreboot.org if you select “My”
+and click on “Changes” and can be reviewed by others. Your code will
+first be reviewed by build bot (Jenkins), which will either give you a warning
+or verify a successful build; if so, your commit will receive a +1. Other
+users may also give your commit +1.  For a commit to be merged, it needs
+to receive a +2.**Note:** A +1 and a +1 does not make a +2. Only certain users
+can give a +2.
+
+## Part 6 (optional): bash-git-prompt
+
+To help make it easier to understand the state of the git repository
+without running 'git status' or 'git log', there is a way to make the
+command line show the status of the repository at every point. This
+is through bash-git-prompt.
+
+Instructions for installing this are found at:
+https://github.com/magicmonty/bash-git-prompt
+**Note:** Feel free to search for different versions of git prompt,
+as this one is specific to bash.
+
+Alternatively, follow the instructions below:
+Run the following two commands in the command line:
+
+    cd
+    git clone https://github.com/magicmonty/bash-git-prompt.git .bash-git-prompt --depth=1
+
+**Note:** cd will change your directory to your home directory, so the
+git clone commmand will be run there.
+
+Finally, open the ~/.bashrc file and append the following two lines:
+
+    GIT_PROMPT_ONLY_IN_REPO=1
+    source ~/.bash-git-prompt/gitprompt.sh
+
+Now, whenever you are in a git repository, it will continuously display
+its state.
+
+There also are additional configurations that you can change depending on your
+preferences. If you wish to do so, look at the "All configs for .bashrc" section
+on https://github.com/magicmonty/bash-git-prompt. Listed in that section are
+various lines that you can copy, uncomment and add to your .bashrc file to
+change the configurations. Example configurations include avoid fetching remote
+status, and supporting versions of Git older than 1.7.10.