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Android手机拍照、剪裁,并非那么简单

简书地址:[我的简书--T9的第三个三角](http://www.jianshu.com/u/46cb5df3d852)

  • 前言 项目中,基本都有用户自定义头像或自定义背景的功能,实现方法一般都是调用系统相机--拍照,或者系统相册--选择照片,然后进行剪裁,最终设为头像或背景。 而在Android6.0之后,需要动态获取权限,而且Android7.0之后,无法直接根据拍照返回的URI拿到图片,这是因为从安卓7.0开始,直接使用本地真实路径被认为是不安全的,会抛出FileUriExposedExCeption异常,本文就是基于这个功能去针对Android7.0进行操作。 废话不多说,先把基本的页面建立,先来布局。

  • 布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/transparent_black_80"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:background="@color/black"
        android:visibility="visible">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_camera"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:text="@string/camera"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:textSize="18sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_picture"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_centerInParent="true"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:text="@string/picture"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:textSize="18sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_done"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:padding="10dp"
            android:text="@string/done"
            android:textColor="@color/white"
            android:textSize="18sp" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <RelativeLayout
        android:id="@+id/rl_camera"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:background="@color/black">


        <com.isseiaoki.simplecropview.CropImageView xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
            android:id="@+id/iv_wallpaper"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            custom:scv_crop_mode="fit_image"
            custom:scv_frame_color="@color/white"
            custom:scv_frame_stroke_weight="3dp"
            custom:scv_guide_color="@color/white"
            custom:scv_guide_show_mode="show_on_touch"
            custom:scv_guide_stroke_weight="1dp"
            custom:scv_handle_color="@color/white"
            custom:scv_handle_show_mode="show_always"
            custom:scv_handle_size="8dp"
            custom:scv_min_frame_size="100dp"
            custom:scv_overlay_color="@color/down_fragment_alpha" />
    </RelativeLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/ll_contral"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="90dp"
        android:background="@color/white"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:paddingBottom="30dp"
        android:paddingLeft="30dp"
        android:paddingRight="30dp"
        android:paddingTop="20dp"
        android:visibility="visible">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_reset"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="14dp"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:background="@drawable/reset_selector"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="Reset"
            android:textColor="@color/white" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/left_rotate"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="14dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/wallpaper_selector"
            android:src="@drawable/rotate_left" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/right_rotate"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="14dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/wallpaper_selector"
            android:src="@drawable/rotate_right" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/up_reversal"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_marginRight="14dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/wallpaper_selector"
            android:src="@drawable/reversal_up" />

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/left_reversal"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:background="@drawable/wallpaper_selector"
            android:src="@drawable/reversal_left" />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>```

![布局](http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/2789715-22589dd6fff685d0?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)

布局很简单,点击Camera、Picture、Done,分别调用手机拍照、调用系统相册照片、完成操作。

- **调用相机拍照**

 Android6.0之前,调用系统拍照,只需要在AndroidManifest.xml声明
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
 权限,而在6.0以后,不仅需要声明,更需要运行时申请权限,先来调用相机拍照。 

1.初始化控件,使用ButterKnife,这个简直傻瓜式的完成

@BindView(R.id.tv_camera) TextView tvCamera; @BindView(R.id.tv_picture) TextView tvPicture; @BindView(R.id.tv_done) TextView tvDone; @BindView(R.id.toolbar) RelativeLayout toolbar; @BindView(R.id.iv_wallpaper) CropImageView ivWallpaper; @BindView(R.id.rl_camera) RelativeLayout rlCamera; @BindView(R.id.tv_reset) TextView tvReset; @BindView(R.id.left_rotate) ImageView leftRotate; @BindView(R.id.right_rotate) ImageView rightRotate; @BindView(R.id.up_reversal) ImageView upReversal; @BindView(R.id.left_reversal) ImageView leftReversal; @BindView(R.id.ll_contral) LinearLayout llContral; private static final int CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE = 1; private static final int REQUEST_CAPTURE = 2; private static final int REQUEST_PICTURE = 5; private static final int REVERSAL_LEFT = 3; private static final int REVERSAL_UP = 4; private Uri imageUri; private Uri localUri = null;```

2.点击拍照:

```
tvCamera.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View view) {
            checkPremission(); //检查权限
        }
    });
    
    
private void checkPremission() {
    final String permission = Manifest.permission.CAMERA;  //相机权限
    final String permission1 = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE; //写入数据权限
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission1) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {  //先判断是否被赋予权限,没有则申请权限
        if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permission)) {  //给出权限申请说明
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(SkinActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE);
        } else { //直接申请权限
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(SkinActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE); //申请权限,可同时申请多个权限,并根据用户是否赋予权限进行判断
        }
    } else {  //赋予过权限,则直接调用相机拍照
        openCamera();
    }
}



 @Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {  //申请权限的返回值
        case CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE:
            int length = grantResults.length;
            final boolean isGranted = length >= 1 && PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == grantResults[length - 1];
            if (isGranted) {  //如果用户赋予权限,则调用相机
                openCamera();
                }else{ //未赋予权限,则做出对应提示
            
                }
            break;
        default:
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    }
}


private void openCamera() {  //调用相机拍照
    Intent intent = new Intent();
    File file = new FileStorage().createIconFile(); /工具类,稍后会给出
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {  //针对Android7.0,需要通过FileProvider封装过的路径,提供给外部调用
        imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(SkinActivity.this, "com.ddz.demo", file);//通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri,进行封装
    } else { //7.0以下,如果直接拿到相机返回的intent值,拿到的则是拍照的原图大小,很容易发生OOM,所以我们同样将返回的地址,保存到指定路径,返回到Activity时,去指定路径获取,压缩图片
        try {
            imageUri = Uri.fromFile(ImageUtils.createFile(FileUtils.getInst().getPhotoPathForLockWallPaper(), true));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);//设置Action为拍照
    intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);//将拍取的照片保存到指定URI
    startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CAPTURE);//启动拍照
}

通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri,不仅是通过FileProvider.getUriForFile(SkinActivity.this, "com.ddz.demo", file);而且在AndroidManifest.xml中进行配置,android:authorities要和FileProvider中一样,同时在xml中配置路径

<provider
        android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
        android:authorities="com.ddz.demo"
        android:exported="false"
        android:grantUriPermissions="true">
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
            android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
    </provider>
``` - **系统相册选择照片** 系统相册选择照片比较简单,直接调用对应方法: ``` Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI); startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_PICTURE);```
  • 剪裁照片 思路:拿到返回路径之后,,获取图像,并压缩,返回压缩图像进行剪裁
 @Override
	    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            switch (requestCode) {
                case REQUEST_CAPTURE:
                    if (null != imageUri) {
                        localUri = imageUri;
                        setBitmap(localUri);//获取拍照并自定义保存地址的照片
                    }
                    break;
                case REQUEST_PICTURE:
			       if(data.getData()){
                                localUri = data.getData();
                                 setBitmap(localUri);  //获取相册选择的照片
			     
			       }
                    break;
            }
  • *** 获取图片,并剪裁,使用的是一个强大的第三方剪裁库 ** SimpleCropView,具体用法可以看READ.ME, build.gradle中添加依赖:
repositories {
    jcenter()
}
dependencies {
    compile 'com.isseiaoki:simplecropview:1.1.4'
}

AndroidManifest.xml 添加必要的权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

要剪裁的图片布局,使用类似于ImageView,其中 参数 scv_frame_color---剪裁框外边框的颜色 scv_guide_color---剪裁框内边线的颜色 scv_handle_color---剪裁框四个角的圆点颜色 scv_overlay_color---覆盖图片的颜色 而且,scv_guide和scv_hanle有三种显示模式,SHOW_ALWAYS(default)--默认一直显示, NOT_SHOW--不显示, SHOW_ON_TOUCH--触碰显示。 可以组合使用 组合使用 其他方法 获取剪裁之后的Bitmap getCroppedBitmap()(Sync method)

开始剪裁, startCrop(Uri saveUri, CropCallback cropCallback, SaveCallback saveCallback)(Async Method, RECOMMENDED)

压缩格式 有三种格式可选, PNG(默认),JPEG, 和WEBP. setCompressFormat(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG);

压缩 质量 可以设置压缩质量范围 0~100(默认100) setCompressQuality(90);

固定输出大小

setOutputWidth(100); // If cropped image size is 400x200, output size is 100x50
setOutputHeight(100); // If cropped image size is 400x200, output size is 200x100

设置剪裁比例 多种比例可选

FIT_IMAGE, RATIO_4_3, RATIO_3_4, SQUARE(default), RATIO_16_9, RATIO_9_16, FREE, CUSTOM, CIRCLE, CIRCLE_SQUARE
cropImageView.setCropMode(CropImageView.CropMode.RATIO_16_9);

旋转图像

cropImageView.rotateImage(CropImageView.RotateDegrees.ROTATE_M90D); // 右旋转90度```

是否开启旋转动画

setAnimationEnabled(true);```

设置旋转动画时长

setAnimationDuration(200);```

设置旋转动画加速器
```setInterpolator(new AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator());```

布局中使用CropImageView

<com.isseiaoki.simplecropview.CropImageView xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:id="@+id/iv_wallpaper" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" custom:scv_crop_mode="fit_image" custom:scv_frame_color="@color/white" custom:scv_frame_stroke_weight="3dp" custom:scv_guide_color="@color/white" custom:scv_guide_show_mode="show_on_touch" custom:scv_guide_stroke_weight="1dp" custom:scv_handle_color="@color/white" custom:scv_handle_show_mode="show_always" custom:scv_handle_size="8dp" custom:scv_min_frame_size="100dp" custom:scv_overlay_color="@color/down_fragment_alpha" />

/** * 根据Uri获取图像并压缩图像 * * @param uri */ private void setBitmap(Uri uri) { if (uri != null) { //使用Rxjava进行耗时操作并切换线程 Observable.create((rx.Observable.OnSubscribe) subscriber -> { subscriber.onNext(ImageUtils.getCompressBitmap(LockCameraActivity.this, uri)); //针对拍照和系统相册获取图片遇到的图片过大导致OOM问题,剪裁之前先对图像进行压缩 subscriber.onCompleted(); }).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) //分线程进行 .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) //主线程设置bitmap .subscribe(bitmap -> { ivWallpaper.setCropMode(CropImageView.CropMode.RATIO_9_16);比例是9:16 if (bitmap != null) ivWallpaper.setImageBitmap(bitmap); }); } else { backLock(); } }

根据上面操作,![功能](http://upload-images.jianshu.io/upload_images/2789715-77f5b74ac7fe6d78?imageMogr2/auto-orient/strip%7CimageView2/2/w/1240)
已经完成系统拍照或者获取系统相册图片并压缩步骤,显示了剪裁页面,此时根据需求,有重置、左旋转、右旋转、上下翻转、左右翻转,
设置五个点击事件

@OnClick({R.id.tv_done, R.id.tv_reset, R.id.left_rotate, R.id.right_rotate, R.id.up_reversal, R.id.left_reversal}) public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()) { break; case R.id.tv_reset: setBitmap(localUri); //重置,重新获取图像压缩并显示在ivWallpaper上 break; case R.id.left_rotate: ivWallpaper.rotateImage(CropImageView.RotateDegrees.ROTATE_M90D); //左旋转 break; case R.id.right_rotate: ivWallpaper.rotateImage(CropImageView.RotateDegrees.ROTATE_90D);//右旋转 break; case R.id.up_reversal: takeReversal(REVERSAL_UP);//上下翻转 break; case R.id.left_reversal: takeReversal(REVERSAL_LEFT);//左右翻转 break; case R.id.tv_done:

            break;                
    }
}

private void takeReversal(int reversal) { Observable.create((Observable.OnSubscribe) subscriber -> { subscriber.onNext(getRotateBitmap(reversal)); //翻转图像 subscriber.onCompleted(); }).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()).subscribe(bitmap -> { ivWallpaper.setImageBitmap(bitmap); }); }

/** * 翻转图像 * * @param reversal * @return */ private Bitmap getRotateBitmap(int reversal) { Bitmap bitmap = ivWallpaper.getImageBitmap(); if (bitmap == null) { return null; } int width = bitmap.getWidth(); int height = bitmap.getHeight(); Matrix matrix = new Matrix(); if (reversal == REVERSAL_UP) { //上下翻转 matrix.postScale(1, -1); //X轴不变,Y轴翻转 } else if (reversal == REVERSAL_LEFT) { //左右翻转 matrix.postScale(-1, 1); //Y轴不变,X轴翻转 } Bitmap bitmap1 = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, true); if (bitmap1 != null) return bitmap1; return null; }

最后,如果要得到最后的头像,直接调用```ivWallpaper.getCroppedBitmap()``` 得到剪裁后的图像。

粗略介绍了Android7.0调用相机拍照的坑,已经6.0开始的动态权限申请,已经剪裁、旋转、翻转图像等一系列操作,demo只是个参考,大家可以根据自己需求,进一步封装。
最后附上demo代码:

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