Make get_catalog_for_single_relation a concrete method in BaseAdapter

[aranke]

Problem

dbt-adapters==1.3.0 had to be yanked because adapters didn't implement the new abstract method get_catalog_for_single_relation.
This method should be opt-in, so adapters shouldn't need to implement this.

Solution

Make the get_catalog_for_single_relation concrete in BaseAdapter so adapters can default to this implementation.
Sample PR with passing tests in dbt-bigquery that has not implemented this capability: dbt-labs/dbt-bigquery#1262

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me
• I have run this code in development, and it appears to resolve the stated issue
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required/relevant for this PR
• This PR has no interface changes (e.g. macros, cli, logs, json artifacts, config files, adapter interface, etc.) or this PR has already received feedback and approval from Product or DX

[github-actions]

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