Implement Record/Replay

[peterallenwebb]

resolves dbt-labs/dbt-core#9689

Description

Implements record/replay mechanism. See issue for the many details.

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me
• I have signed the CLA
• I have run this code in development and it appears to resolve the stated issue
• I have opened an issue to add/update docs, or docs changes are not required/relevant for this PR
• I have run changie new to create a changelog entry

[github-actions]

Thank you for your pull request! We could not find a changelog entry for this change. For details on how to document a change, see the contributing guide.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 77.71739% with 41 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 55.77%. Comparing base (87d9c54) to head (97a69f9).

Files	Patch %	Lines
dbt_common/record.py	73.77%	32 Missing ⚠️
dbt_common/clients/system.py	85.24%	9 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #90      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   54.04%   55.77%   +1.72%     
==========================================
  Files          49       50       +1     
  Lines        2866     3050     +184     
==========================================
+ Hits         1549     1701     +152     
- Misses       1317     1349      +32     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	55.77% <77.71%> (+1.72%)	⬆️

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