Salient objects in clutter (TPAMI2022)

Authors: Deng-Ping Fan, Jing Zhang, Gang Xu, Ming-Ming Cheng, Ling Shao.

1. Preface

• This repository provides benchamrk for "Salient objects in clutter". (paper | 中文版)

• If you have any questions about our paper, feel free to contact me. And if you are using SOCbenchamrk results or evaluation toolbox for your research, please cite this paper (BibTeX).

2. Scope

Salient object detection (SOD) originated from the task of fixation prediction (FP), switching attention regions for accurate object-level regions. Current algorithms have been developed for 2D images of limited resolution (width or height $<$ 500 pixels), high-resolution (i.e., 1080p, 4K) and even remote sensing data. According to the supervision strategy, there are five types of SOD models: fully supervised, semi-supervised, weakly supervised, unsupervised, and self-supervised.

Recently, several interesting extensions of SOD have also been introduced, such as salient instance detection (SID), salient object subitizing (SOS), and saliency ranking. A taxonomy of the saliency detection task is shown below. Different from previous SOD reviews, we mainly focus on 2D salient object detection in a fully supervised manner. We highlight the scope of this study in gray. For other closely related 3D/4D SOD tasks, we refer readers to recent survey and benchmarking works such as RGB-D SOD, Event-RGB SOD (ERSOD), Light Field SOD,
Co-SOD, 360° Video SOD, and Video SOD.

Fig.1 Taxonomy of the saliency detection task. We highlight the scope of this study in gray.

3. Evaluation Code

Link: https://github.com/mczhuge/SOCToolbox Note: If you want to list your results on our web, please send your name, model name, paper title to us. Important Tips: Some works use the so-called same F-measure metric, while they do not explicitly describe which statistic (e.g., mean or max) they used, easily resulting in unfair comparison and inconsistent performance. Meanwhile, the different threshold strategies in F-measure (e.g., 255 varied thresholds, adaptive saliency threshold, and self-adaptive threshold) will result in different performance. Fairly comparing RGB-D based SOD models by extensively evaluating them with same metrics on standard benchmarks is highly desired. So you need to download all of our re-organized datasets, saliency maps of each model and then evaluate your model.

4. SOC Dataset

Fig.2 Examples from our new SOCdataset,including non-salient (first row) and salient object images (rows 2 to 4). For salient object images, an instance-level ground-truth map (different color), object attributes (Attr) and category labels are provided.

Fig.3 (a) Number of annotated instances per category in our SOC dataset. (b, c) Global and local color contrast statistics, respectively. (d) A set of saliency maps from our dataset and their overlay map. (e) Location distribution of the salient objects in SOC. (f) Distribution of instance sizes in the SOCand ILSO datasets. (g) Visual examples of attributes. Best view on screen and zoomed-in for details.

Name	SOC-Train	SOC-Val	SOC-Test	Total	Link
Salient Object (Sal)	1,800	600	600	3,000
Non-Salient Object (NonSal)	1,800	600	600	3,000
Total	3,600	1,200	1,200	6,000	Baidu/Google (730.2MB)
	Baidu/Google (441.32MB)	Baidu/Google (146.56MB)	Baidu/Google (141.86MB)

Object-level Ground-Truth of the SOC Test Set released. Baidu

Instance-level Ground-Truth of the SOC Test Set released. Baidu

Note that the Test Set only contains images and without ground truth. We will create the SOC Benchmark website soon and you can upload your result to obtain the final score in our website. Also, you can use the Validation Set as Test Set first. Note that the image file of COCO_train2014_000000080168.PNG should be changed with new file name COCO_train2014_000000080168.png to prevent some errors during training your model.

Download link: Baidu.

5. 2D RGB Saliency Detection Models

Note that: If the model used S-measure/E-measure will be marked with bold.

Traditional Methods (Updated: 2022-04-04)

Download link: Google.

No.	Name.	Pub.	Year	Title	Links
01	It	TPAMI	1998	A Model of Saliency-Based Visual Attention for Rapid Scene Analysis	[Paper]/[Code]
02	FG	ACMMM	2003	Contrast-based image attention analysis by using fuzzy growing	[Paper]/[Code]
03	RSA	ACMMM	2005	Robust subspace analysis for detecting visual attention regions in images	[Paper]/[Code]
04	AIM	NeurIPS	2005	Saliency Based on Information Maximization	[Paper]/[Code]
05	RE	ICME	2006	Region enhanced scale-invariant saliency detection	[Paper]/[Code]
06	SR	CVPR	2007	Saliency Detection A Spectral Residual Approach	[Paper]/[Code]
07	GB	NeurIPS	2007	Graph-Based Visual Saliency	[Paper]/[Code]
08	RU	TMM	2007	A rule based technique for extraction of visual attention regions based on real-time clustering	[Paper]/[Code]
09	SUN	JOV	2008	SUN: A bayesian framework for saliency using natural statistics	[Paper]/[Code]
10	AC	ICVS	2008	Salient region detection and segmentation	[Paper]/[Code]
11	FT	CVPR	2009	Frequency-tuned Salient Region Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
12	ICC	ICCV	2009	Image saliency by isocentric curvedness and color	[Paper]/[Code]
13	EDS	PR	2009	A simple method for detecting salient regions	[Paper]/[Code]
14	CA	CVPR	2010	Context-Aware Saliency Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
15	SEG	ECCV	2010	Segmenting Salient Objects from Images and Videos	[Paper]/[Code]
16	MSSS	ICIP	2010	Saliency Detection using Maximum Symmetric Surround	[Paper]/[Code]
17	CSM	ACMMM	2010	Automatic interesting object extraction from images using complementary saliency maps	[Paper]/[Code]
18	HC,RC	CVPR	2011	Global Contrast based Salient Region Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
19	SVO	ICCV	2011	Fusing generic objectness and visual saliency for salient object detection	[Paper]/[Code]
20	CSD	ICCV	2011	Center-surround divergence of feature statistics for salient object detection	[Paper]/[Code]
21	CC	ICCV	2011	Salient object detection using concavity context	[Paper]/[Code]
22	CB	BMVC	2011	Automatic Salient Object Segmentation Based on Context and Shape Prior	[Paper]/[Code]
23	SF	CVPR	2012	Saliency Filters Contrast Based Filtering for Salient Region Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
24	LR	CVPR	2012	A Unified Approach to Salient Object Detection via Low Rank Matrix Recovery	[Paper]/[Code]
25	GS	ECCV	2012	Geodesic saliency using background priors	[Paper]/[Code]
26	BSF	ICIP	2012	Saliency Detection Based on Integration of Boundary and Soft-Segmentation	[Paper]/[Code]
27	GC,GU	ICCV	2013	Efficient Salient Region Detection with Soft Image Abstraction	[Paper]/[Code]
28	MR	CVPR	2013	Saliency Detection via Graph-Based Manifold Ranking	[Paper]/[Code]
29	MC	ICCV	2013	Saliency Detection via Absorbing Markov Chain	[Paper]/[Code]
30	DRFI	CVPR	2013	Salient Object Detection A Discriminative Regional Feature Integration Approach	[Paper]/[Code]
31	DSR	ICCV	2013	Saliency Detection via Dense and Sparse Reconstruction	[Paper]/[Code]
32	PISA	CVPR	2013	Pisa: Pixelwise image saliency by aggregating complementary appearance contrast measures with spatial priors	[Paper]/[Code]
33	CRF	CVPR	2013	Saliency aggregation: A data-driven approach	[Paper]/[Code]
34	HS	CVPR	2013	Hierarchical Saliency Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
35	PCA	CVPR	2013	What Makes a Patch Distinct	[Paper]/[Code]
36	STD	CVPR	2013	Statistical textural distinctiveness for salient region detection in natural images	[Paper]/[Code]
38	SUB	CVPR	2013	Submodular salient region detection	[Paper]/[Code]
39	UFO	ICCV	2013	Salient Region Detection by UFO Uniqueness, Focusness and Objectness	[Paper]/[Code]
40	CHM	ICCV	2013	Contextual hypergraph modeling for salient object detection	[Paper]/[Code]
41	COV	JOV	2013	Visual saliency estimation by nonlinearly integrating features using region covariances	[Paper]/[Code]
42	CIO	ICCV	2013	Category-independent object-level saliency detection	[Paper]/[Code]
43	GR	SPL	2013	Graph-Regularized Saliency Detection With Convex-Hull-Based Center Prior	[Paper]/[Code]
44	SLMR	BMVC	2013	Segmentation driven lowrank matrix recovery for saliency detection	[Paper]/[Code]
45	LSSC	TIP	2013	Bayesian Saliency via Low and Mid Level Cues	[Paper]/[Code]
46	LSMD	AAAI	2013	Salient object detection via low-rank and structured sparse matrix decomposition	[Paper]/[Code]
47	HDCT	CVPR	2014	Salient Region Detection via High-Dimensional Color Transform	[Paper]/[Code]
48	PDE	CVPR	2014	Adaptive partial differential equation learning for visual saliency detection	[Paper]/[Code]
49	RBD	CVPR	2014	Saliency Optimization from Robust Background Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
50	MSS	SPL	2014	Saliency Detection with Multi-Scale Superpixels	[Paper]/[Code]
51	GP	ICCV	2015	Generic Promotion of Diffusion-Based Salient Object Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
52	MBS	ICCV	2015	Minimum Barrier Salient Object Detection at 80 FPS	[Paper]/[Code]
53	WSC	CVPR	2015	A Weighted Sparse Coding Framework for Saliency Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
54	RRW	CVPR	2015	Robust saliency detection via regularized random walks ranking	[Paper]/[Code]
55	TLLT	CVPR	2015	Saliency Propagation from Simple to Difficult	[Paper]/[Code]
56	BL	CVPR	2015	Salient Object Detection via Bootstrap Learning	[Paper]/[Code]
57	BSCA	CVPR	2015	Saliency Detection via Cellular Automata	[Paper]/[Code]
58	GLC	PR	2015	Salient Object Detection via Global and Local Cues	[Paper]/[Code]
59	LPS	TIP	2015	Inner and Inter Label Propagation Salient Object Detection in the Wild	[Paper]/[Code]
60	MAPM	TIP	2015	Saliency Region Detection based on Markov Absorption Probabilities	[Paper]/[Code]
61	NCS	TIP	2015	Normalized cut-based saliency detection by adaptive multi-level region merging	[Paper]/[Code]
62	BFS	NC	2015	Saliency Detection via Background and Foreground Seed Selection	[Paper]/[Code]
63	UF	TMM	2016	A Universal Framework for Salient Object Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
64	MST	CVPR	2016	Real-Time Salient Object Detection with a Minimum Spanning Tree	[Paper]/[Code]
65	PM	ECCV	2016	Pattern Mining Saliency	[Paper]/[Code]
66	DSP	PR	2016	Discriminative saliency propagation with sink points	[Paper]/[Code]
67	EBM	IJCAI	2016	Saliency Transfer: An Example-Based Method for Salient Object Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
68	AWC	Neurocomputing	2016	Robust manifold-preserving diffusion-based saliency detection by adaptive weight construction	[Paper]/[Code]
69	MRMF	TNNLS	2016	Manifold Ranking-Based Matrix Factorization for Saliency Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
70	SBCRF	Neurocomputing	2017	A superpixel-based CRF saliency detection approach	[Paper]/[Code]
71	WLRR	SPL	2017	Salient Object Detection via Weighted Low Rank Matrix Recovery	[Paper]/[Code]
72	MIL	TIP	2017	Salient Object Detection via Multiple Instance Learning	[Paper]/[Code]
73	SMD	PAMI	2017	Salient Object Detection via Structured Matrix Decomposition	[Paper]/[Code]
74	MDC	TIP	2017	300-FPS Salient Object Detection via Minimum Directional Contrast	[Paper]/[Code]
75	SS	NC	2017	Spectral Salient Object Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
76	IFC	TMM	2017	Iterative Feedback Control Based Salient Object Segmentation	[Paper]/[Code]
77	CCRF	TMM	2017	Saliency Detection by Fully Learning A Continuous Conditional Random Field	[Paper]/[Code]
78	ELER	CVPR	2017	What is and what is not a salient object? learning salient object detector by ensembling linear exemplar regressors	[Paper]/[Code]
79	DIMD	PR	2017	Diversity Induced Matrix Decomposition Model for salient object detection	[Paper]/[Code]
80	ProS	NC	2018	Salient Object Detection via Proposal Selection	[Paper]/[Code]
81	WMR	NC	2018	Saliency detection via affinity graph learning and weighted manifold ranking	[Paper]/[Code]
82	RCRR	TIP	2018	Reversion correction and regularized random walk ranking for saliency detection	[Paper]/[Code]
83	JLSE	TIP	2018	Exemplar-aided Salient Object Detection via Joint Latent Space Embedding	[Paper]/[Code]
84	WFD	PR	2018	Water flow driven salient object detection at 180 fps	[Paper]/[Code]
85	FBQ	Access	2018	Hypergraph Optimization for Salient Region Detection Based on Foreground and Background Queries	[Paper]/[Code]
86	FTOE	TMM	2019	Salient Object Detection via Fuzzy Theory and Object-level Enhancement	[Paper]/[Code]
87	KSR	TIP	2019	Visual Saliency Detection via Kernelized Subspace Ranking with Active Learning	[Paper]/[Code]
88	FCB	TIP	2019	Exploiting Color Volume and Color Difference for Salient Region Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
89	TSG	TCSVT	2019	Salient Object Detection Via Two-Stage Graphs	[Paper]/[Code]
90	DSC	TCSVT	2019	Direction Selective Contour Detection for Salient Objects	[Paper]/[Code]
91	AIGC	TCSVT	2019	Adaptive Irregular Graph Construction Based Salient Object Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
92	NIO	TNNLS	2019	Semisupervised Learning Based on a Novel Iterative Optimization Model for Saliency Detection	[Paper]/[Code]
93	MSR	TIP	2019	50 FPS Object-Level Saliency Detection via Maximally Stable Region	[Paper]/[Code]
94	MSGC	TMM	2019	Saliency Detection via Multi-Scale Global Cues	[Paper]/[Code]
95	LRR	TIP	2019	Local Regression Ranking for Saliency Detection	[Paper]/[Code]

Deep Learning Methods (Updated: 2022-04-05)

Download link: Google.

No.	Name.	Pub.	Year	Title	Links
01	SuperCNN	IJCV	2015	A superpixelwise convolutional neural network for salient object detection	Paper/[Code]
02	LEGS	CVPR	2015	Deep networks for saliency detection via local estimation and global search	Paper/Code
03	MC	CVPR	2015	Saliency detection by multi-context deep learning	Paper/[Code]
04	MDF	CVPR	2015	Visual saliency based on multiscale deep features	Paper/[Code]
05	DISC	TNNLS	2016	DISC: Deep image saliency computing via progressive representation learning	Paper/[Code]
06	DSL	TCSVT	2016	Dense and Sparse Labeling with Multi-Dimensional Features for Saliency Detection	Paper/[Code]
07	DS	TIP	2016	DeepSaliency: Multi-task deep neural network model for salient object detection	Paper/[Code]
08	SSD	ECCV	2016	A shape-based approach for salient object detection using deep learning	Paper/[Code]
09	CRPSD	ECCV	2016	Saliency Detection via Combining Region-Level and Pixel-Level Predictions with CNNs	Paper/[Code]
10	RFCN	ECCV	2016	Saliency detection with recurrent fully convolutional networks	Paper/Code
11	RFCN	TPAMI	2019	Salient object detection with recurrent fully convolutional networks	Paper/[Code]
12	MAP	CVPR	2016	Unconstrained salient object detection via proposal subset optimization	Paper/[Code]
13	SU	CVPR	2016	Saliency unified: A deep architecture for simultaneous eye fixation prediction and salient object segmentation	Paper/[Code]
14	RACDNN	CVPR	2016	Recurrent attentional networks for saliency detection	Paper/[Code]
15	ELD	CVPR	2016	Deep Saliency with Encoded Low level Distance Map and High Level Features	Paper/Code
16	DHS	CVPR	2016	DHSNet: Deep Hierarchical Saliency Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
17	DCL	CVPR	2016	Deep Contrast Learning for Salient Object Detection	Paper/[Code]
18	DSRCNN	ACMMM	2016	Deeply-Supervised Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Saliency Detection	Paper/[Code]
19	MSCNet	ACMMM	2017	Multi-Scale Cascade Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/[Code]
20	CAR	BMVC	2017	Salient object detection using a context-aware refinement network	Paper/[Code]
21	DLS	CVPR	2017	Deep Level Sets for Salient Object Detection	Paper/[Code]
22	MSRNet	CVPR	2017	Instance-Level Salient Object Segmentation	Paper/Code
23	WSS	CVPR	2017	Learning to Detect Salient Objects with Image-level Supervision	Paper/Code
24	SRM	ICCV	2017	A stagewise refinement model for detecting salient objects in images	Paper/Code
25	NLDF	CVPR	2017	Non-Local Deep Features for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
26	DSS	CVPR/TPAMI	2017/2019	Deeply Supervised Salient Object Detection with Short Connections	Paper/Code
27	SalGAN	CVPR	2017	SalGAN: visual saliency prediction with adversarial networks	Paper/Code
28	FSN	ICCV	2017	Look, perceive and segment: Finding the salient objects in images via two-stream fixation-semantic cnns	Paper/[Code]
29	DSOS	ICCV	2017	Delving into Salient Object Subitizing and Detection	Paper/[Code]
30	SVF	ICCV	2017	Supervision by Fusion: Towards Unsupervised Learning of Deep Salient Object Detector	Paper/Code
31	UCF	ICCV	2017	Learning Uncertain Convolutional Features for Accurate Saliency Detection	Paper/Code
32	AMU	ICCV	2017	Amulet: Aggregating Multi-level Convolutional Features for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
33	UGA	TIP	2018	An Unsupervised Game-Theoretic Approach to Saliency Detection	Paper/Code
34	Refinet	TMM	2018	Refinet A deep segmentation assisted refinement network for salient object detection	Paper/Results (psw: iziq)
35	MSED	Neurocomputing	2018	Multi-scale deep encoder-decoder network for salient object detection	Paper/[Code]
36	EARNet	T-Cybernetics	2018	Embedding Attention and Residual Network for Accurate Salient Object Detection	Paper/[Code]
37	LFCS	T-Cybernetics	2018	Semi-Supervised Salient Object Detection Using a Linear Feedback Control System Model	Paper/[Code]
38	LICNN	AAAI	2018	Lateral inhibition-inspired convolutional neural network for visual attention and saliency detection	Paper/[Code]
39	ASMO	AAAI	2018	Weakly supervised salient object detection using image labels	Paper/[Code]
40	RADF	AAAI	2018	Recurrently aggregating deep features for salient object detection	Paper/[Code]
41	R3Net	IJCAI	2018	R3net: Recurrent residual refinement network for saliency detection	Paper/[Code]
42	LFR	IJCAI	2018	Salient Object Detection by Lossless Feature Reflection	Paper/Code
43	C2SNet	ECCV	2018	Contour Knowledge Transfer for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
44	RAS	ECCV	2018	Reverse Attention for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
45	LPSNet	CVPR	2018	Learning to promote saliency detectors	Paper/Code
46	RSDNet	CVPR	2018	Revisiting salient object detection: Simultaneous detection, ranking, and subitizing of multiple salient objects	Paper/Code
47	DUS	CVPR	2018	Deep unsupervised saliency detection: A multiple noisy labeling perspective	Paper/Code
48	ASNet	CVPR	2018	Salient Object Detection Driven by Fixation Prediction	Paper/Code
49	ASNet	TPAMI	2019	Inferring Salient Objects from Human Fixations	Paper/Code
50	BDMPM	CVPR	2018	A Bi-Directional Message Passing Model for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
51	DGRL	CVPR	2018	Detect Globally, Refine Locally: A Novel Approach to Saliency Detection	Paper/Code
52	PiCANet	CVPR	2018	PiCANet: Learning Pixel-wise Contextual Attention for Saliency Detection	Paper/Code
53	PAGR	CVPR	2018	Progressive Attention Guided Recurrent Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
54	DANet	JSTSP	2019	Distortion-adaptive Salient Object Detection in 360∘ Omnidirectional Images	Paper/[Code]
55	RSR	TPAMI	2019	Relative Saliency and Ranking: Models, Metrics, Data and Benchmarks	Paper/[Code]
56	Hyperfusion-Net	PR	2019	Hyperfusion-Net: Hyper-densely reflective feature fusion for salient object detection	Paper/[Code]
57	Deepside	Neurocomputing	2019	Deepside: A General Deep Framework for Salient Object Detection	Paper/[Code]
58	LVNet	TGRS	2019	Nested Network with Two-Stream Pyramid for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images	Paper/[Code]
59	LFRWS	TIP	2019	Salient Object Detection with Lossless Feature Reflection and Weighted Structural Loss	Paper/[Code]
60	FBG	TIP	2019	Focal Boundary Guided Salient Object Detection	Paper/[Code]
61	ConnNet	TIP	2019	ConnNet: A long-range relation-aware pixel-connectivity network for salient segmentation	Paper/[Code]
62	CIG	TIP	2019	Deep Salient Object Detection with Contextual Information Guidance	Paper/[Code]
63	SPA	TIP	2019	Semantic Prior Analysis for Salient Object Detection	Paper/[Code]
64	CDMG	TIP	2019	Weakly Supervised Salient Object Detection by Learning A Classifier-Driven Map Generator	Paper/[Code]
65	CCAL	TMM	2019	Salient Object Detectioin Using Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks and Adversarial Learning	Paper/[Code]
66	SIA	TMM	2019	Saliency Integration An Arbitrator Model	Paper/[Code]
67	MIJR	TCSVT	2019	Salient Object Detection via Multiple Instance Joint Re-Learning	Paper/[Code]
68	AADF	TCSVT	2019	Aggregating Attentional Dilated Features for Salient Object	Paper/Code
69	ROSA	T-Cybernetics	2019	ROSA: Robust Salient Object Detection against Adversarial Attacks	Paper/Code
70	SSNet	TPAMI	2019	Synthesizing Supervision for Learning Deep Saliency Network without Human Annotation	Paper/[Code]
71	DEF	AAAI	2019	Deep Embedding Features for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
72	SuperVAE	AAAI	2019	Supervae: Superpixelwise variational autoencoder for salient object detection	Paper/[Code]
73	CapSal	CVPR	2019	CapSal: Leveraging Captioning to Boost Semantics for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
74	BASNet	CVPR	2019	BASNet: Boundary Aware Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
75	PFANet	CVPR	2019	Pyramid Feature Attention Network for Saliency detection	Paper/Code
76	MWS	CVPR	2019	Multi-source weak supervision for saliency detection	Paper/Code
77	ICNet	CVPR	2019	An Iterative and Cooperative Top-down and Bottom-up Inference Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
78	PAGE-Net	CVPR	2019	Salient Object Detection With Pyramid Attention and Salient Edges	Paper/Code
79	CPD	CVPR	2019	Cascaded Partial Decoder for Accurate and Fast Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
80	MLMSNet	CVPR	2019	A Mutual Learning Method for Salient Object Detection with intertwined Multi-Supervision	Paper/Code
81	AFNet	CVPR	2019	Attentive Feedback Network for Boundary-aware Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
82	DPOR	ICCV	2019	Employing Deep Part-Object Relationships for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
83	SIBA	ICCV	2019	Selectivity or Invariance: Boundary-aware Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
84	JDF	ICCV	2019	Structured Modeling of Joint Deep Feature and Prediction Refinement for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
85	FLoss	ICCV	2019	Optimizing the F-measure for Threshold-free Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
86	HRSOD	ICCV	2019	Towards High-Resolution Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
87	EGNet	ICCV	2019	EGNet: Edge Guidance Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
88	SCRN	ICCV	2019	Stacked Cross Refinement Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
89	PoolNet	ICCV	2019	A Simple Pooling-Based Design for Real-Time Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
90	DeepUSPS	NeurIPS	2019	Deep Robust Unsupervised Saliency Prediction With Self-Supervision	Paper/Code
91	EAI	ICLR	2019	Efficient Saliency Maps for Explainable AI	Paper/[Code]
92	DFI	TIP	2020	Dynamic Feature Integration for Simultaneous Detection of Salient Object, Edge and Skeleton	Paper/Code
93	CALoss	TIP	2020	Contour-aware loss: Boundary-aware learning for salient object segmentation	Paper/[Code]
94	EGNL	TCSVT	2020	Edge-guided non-local fully convolutional network for salient object detection	Paper/[Code]
95	CAGNet	PR	2020	CAGNet: Content-aware guidance for salient object detection	Paper/Code
96	FastSaliency	T-Cybernetics	2020	Lightweight Salient Object Detection via Hierarchical Visual Perception Learning	Paper/Code
97	PFPNet	AAAI	2020	Progressive Feature Polishing Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
98	F3Net	AAAI	2020	F3Net: Fusion, Feedback and Focus for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
99	GCPANet	AAAI	2020	Global Context-Aware Progressive Aggregation Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
100	ADASOD	AAAI	2020	Multi-spectral Salient Object Detection by Adversarial Domain Adaptation	Paper/Code
101	MTSA	AAAI	2020	Multi-Type Self-Attention Guided Degraded Saliency Detection	Paper/Code
102	ScrSOD	CVPR	2020	Weakly-Supervised Salient Object Detection via Scribble Annotations	Paper/Code
103	MINet	CVPR	2020	Multi-scale Interactive Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
104	ITSD	CVPR	2020	Interactive Two-Stream Decoder for Accurate and Fast Saliency Detection	Paper/Code
105	LDF	CVPR	2020	Label Decoupling Framework for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
106	Sal100K	ECCV	2020	Highly Efficient Salient Object Detection with 100K Parameters	Paper/Code
107	NSOD	ECCV	2020	n-Reference Transfer Learning for Saliency Prediction	Paper/Code
108	ABP-Saliency	ECCV	2020	Learning Noise-Aware Encoder-Decoder from Noisy Labels by Alternating Back-Propagation for Saliency Detection	Paper/Code
109	GateNet	ECCV	2020	Suppress and Balance: A Simple Gated Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
110	FewCSOD	NeurIPS	2020	Few-Cost Salient Object Detection with Adversarial-Paced Learning	Paper/Code
111	DNA	T-Cybernetics	2021	DNA: Deeply supervised nonlinear aggregation for salient object detection	Paper/Code
112	DAFNet	TIP	2021	Dense Attention Fluid Network for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images	Paper/Code
113	WSSOS	TCSVT	2021	Weakly-Supervised Saliency Detection via Salient Object Subitizing	Paper/Code
114	DACNet	TMM	2021	Dense Attention-guided Cascaded Network for Salient Object Detection of Strip Steel Surface Defects	Paper/Code
115	DCN	TIP	2021	Decomposition and Completion Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
116	PurNet	TIP	2021	Salient Object Detection with Purificatory Mechanism and Structural Similarity Loss	Paper/Code
117	PSGLoss	TIP	2021	Progressive Self-Guided Loss for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
118	SAMNet	TIP	2021	SAMNet: Stereoscopically Attentive Multi-scale Network for Lightweight Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
119	LSC	AAAI	2021	Structure-Consistent Weakly Supervised Salient Object Detection with Local Saliency Coherence	Paper/Code
120	PFSNet	AAAI	2021	Pyramidal Feature Shrinking for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
121	LGSL	AAAI	2021	Locate Globally, Segment Locally: A Progressive Architecture with Knowledge Review Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
122	RATM	AAAI	2021	Generating Diversified Comments via Reader-Aware Topic Modeling and Saliency Detection	Paper/Code
123	MeshSaliency	CVPR	2021	Mesh Saliency: An Independent Perceptual Measure or A Derivative of Image Saliency?	Paper/Code
124	BBESOD	CVPR	2021	Black-Box Explanation of Object Detectors via Saliency Maps	Paper/Code
125	CAMERAS	CVPR	2021	CAMERAS: Enhanced Resolution and Sanity Preserving Class Activation Mapping for Image Saliency	Paper/Code
126	SGIT	CVPR	2021	Saliency-Guided Image Translation	Paper/Code
127	Auto-MSFNet	ACMMM	2021	Auto-MSFNet: Search Multi-scale Fusion Network for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
128	CTDNet	ACMMM	2021	Complementary Trilateral Decoder for Fast and Accurate Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
129	VST	ICCV	2021	Visual Saliency Transformer	Paper/Code
130	HQSOD	ICCV	2021	Disentangled High Quality Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
131	iNAS	ICCV	2021	iNAS: Integral NAS for Device-Aware Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
132	SCASOD	ICCV	2021	Scene Context-Aware Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
133	MFNet	ICCV	2021	MFNet: Multi-Filter Directive Network for Weakly Supervised Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
134	SOR	ICCV	2021	Salient Object Ranking with Position-Preserved Attention	Paper/Code
135	EGVT	NeurIPS	2021	Learning Generative Vision Transformer with Energy-Based Latent Space for Saliency Prediction	Paper/Code
136	Reg-GNN	NeurIPS	2021	Discovering Dynamic Salient Regions for Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks	Paper/Code
137	UDASOD	AAAI	2022	Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Salient Object Detection Through Uncertainty-Aware Pseudo-Label Learning	Paper/Code
138	CDF	AAAI	2022	A Causal Debiasing Framework for Unsupervised Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
139	SalCoopNets	AAAI	2022	Energy-Based Generative Cooperative Saliency Prediction	Paper/Code
140	PSSOD	AAAI	2022	Weakly-Supervised Salient Object Detection Using Point Supervison	Paper/Code
141	TRACER	AAAI	2022	TRACER: Extreme Attention Guided Salient Object Tracing Network	Paper/Code
142	PoolNet+	TPAMI	2022	PoolNet+: Exploring the Potential of Pooling for Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
143	SOD100K	TPAMI	2022	A Highly Efficient Model to Study the Semantics of Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
144	CorrNet	TGRS	2022	Lightweight Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images via Feature Correlation	Paper/Code
145	CDBF	TOMM	2022	Disentangle Saliency Detection into Cascaded Detail Modeling and Body Filling	Paper/Code
146	NSALWSS	TMM	2022	Noise-Sensitive Adversarial Learning for Weakly Supervised Salient Object Detection	Paper/Code
147	ACCoNet	T-Cybernetics	2022	Adjacent Context Coordination Network for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images	Paper/Code
148	ICON	TPAMI-Minor	2022	Salient Object Detection via Integrity Learning	Paper/Code
149	SOC-DataAug	TPAMI	2022	Salient objects in clutter	Paper/Code
150	BAS	arXiv	2022	Boundary-aware segmentation network for mobile and web applications	Paper/Code
151	SHNet	ECCV	2022	Saliency Hierarchy Modeling via Generative Kernels for Salient Object Detection	Paper

6. Attribute-Level Performance

Download link: Google.

7. Application Example

Demo1: https://dengpingfan.github.io/videos/SOD-App-BASNetAR.mp4

8. Citation

Please cite our paper if you use our results:

@article{fan2022salient,
   title={Salient objects in clutter},
   author={Fan, Deng-Ping and Zhang, Jing and Xu, Gang and Cheng, Ming-Ming and Shao, Ling},
   journal={IEEE TPAMI},
   year={2022}
}