x509.js

// Copyright 2017 Joyent, Inc.

module.exports = {
	read: read,
	verify: verify,
	sign: sign,
	signAsync: signAsync,
	write: write
};

var assert = require('assert-plus');
var asn1 = require('asn1');
var algs = require('../algs');
var utils = require('../utils');
var Key = require('../key');
var PrivateKey = require('../private-key');
var pem = require('./pem');
var Identity = require('../identity');
var Signature = require('../signature');
var Certificate = require('../certificate');
var pkcs8 = require('./pkcs8');

/*
 * This file is based on RFC5280 (X.509).
 */

/* Helper to read in a single mpint */
function readMPInt(der, nm) {
	assert.strictEqual(der.peek(), asn1.Ber.Integer,
	    nm + ' is not an Integer');
	return (utils.mpNormalize(der.readString(asn1.Ber.Integer, true)));
}

function verify(cert, key) {
	var sig = cert.signatures.x509;
	assert.object(sig, 'x509 signature');

	var algParts = sig.algo.split('-');
	if (algParts[0] !== key.type)
		return (false);

	var blob = sig.cache;
	if (blob === undefined) {
		var der = new asn1.BerWriter();
		writeTBSCert(cert, der);
		blob = der.buffer;
	}

	var verifier = key.createVerify(algParts[1]);
	verifier.write(blob);
	return (verifier.verify(sig.signature));
}

function Local(i) {
	return (asn1.Ber.Context | asn1.Ber.Constructor | i);
}

function Context(i) {
	return (asn1.Ber.Context | i);
}

var SIGN_ALGS = {
	'rsa-md5': '1.2.840.113549.1.1.4',
	'rsa-sha1': '1.2.840.113549.1.1.5',
	'rsa-sha256': '1.2.840.113549.1.1.11',
	'rsa-sha384': '1.2.840.113549.1.1.12',
	'rsa-sha512': '1.2.840.113549.1.1.13',
	'dsa-sha1': '1.2.840.10040.4.3',
	'dsa-sha256': '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.3.2',
	'ecdsa-sha1': '1.2.840.10045.4.1',
	'ecdsa-sha256': '1.2.840.10045.4.3.2',
	'ecdsa-sha384': '1.2.840.10045.4.3.3',
	'ecdsa-sha512': '1.2.840.10045.4.3.4'
};
Object.keys(SIGN_ALGS).forEach(function (k) {
	SIGN_ALGS[SIGN_ALGS[k]] = k;
});
SIGN_ALGS['1.3.14.3.2.3'] = 'rsa-md5';
SIGN_ALGS['1.3.14.3.2.29'] = 'rsa-sha1';

var EXTS = {
	'issuerKeyId': '2.5.29.35',
	'altName': '2.5.29.17',
	'basicConstraints': '2.5.29.19',
	'keyUsage': '2.5.29.15',
	'extKeyUsage': '2.5.29.37'
};

function read(buf, options) {
	if (typeof (buf) === 'string') {
		buf = new Buffer(buf, 'binary');
	}
	assert.buffer(buf, 'buf');

	var der = new asn1.BerReader(buf);

	der.readSequence();
	if (Math.abs(der.length - der.remain) > 1) {
		throw (new Error('DER sequence does not contain whole byte ' +
		    'stream'));
	}

	var tbsStart = der.offset;
	der.readSequence();
	var sigOffset = der.offset + der.length;
	var tbsEnd = sigOffset;

	if (der.peek() === Local(0)) {
		der.readSequence(Local(0));
		var version = der.readInt();
		assert.ok(version <= 3,
		    'only x.509 versions up to v3 supported');
	}

	var cert = {};
	cert.signatures = {};
	var sig = (cert.signatures.x509 = {});
	sig.extras = {};

	cert.serial = readMPInt(der, 'serial');

	der.readSequence();
	var after = der.offset + der.length;
	var certAlgOid = der.readOID();
	var certAlg = SIGN_ALGS[certAlgOid];
	if (certAlg === undefined)
		throw (new Error('unknown signature algorithm ' + certAlgOid));

	der._offset = after;
	cert.issuer = Identity.parseAsn1(der);

	der.readSequence();
	cert.validFrom = readDate(der);
	cert.validUntil = readDate(der);

	cert.subjects = [Identity.parseAsn1(der)];

	der.readSequence();
	after = der.offset + der.length;
	cert.subjectKey = pkcs8.readPkcs8(undefined, 'public', der);
	der._offset = after;

	/* issuerUniqueID */
	if (der.peek() === Local(1)) {
		der.readSequence(Local(1));
		sig.extras.issuerUniqueID =
		    buf.slice(der.offset, der.offset + der.length);
		der._offset += der.length;
	}

	/* subjectUniqueID */
	if (der.peek() === Local(2)) {
		der.readSequence(Local(2));
		sig.extras.subjectUniqueID =
		    buf.slice(der.offset, der.offset + der.length);
		der._offset += der.length;
	}

	/* extensions */
	if (der.peek() === Local(3)) {
		der.readSequence(Local(3));
		var extEnd = der.offset + der.length;
		der.readSequence();

		while (der.offset < extEnd)
			readExtension(cert, buf, der);

		assert.strictEqual(der.offset, extEnd);
	}

	assert.strictEqual(der.offset, sigOffset);

	der.readSequence();
	after = der.offset + der.length;
	var sigAlgOid = der.readOID();
	var sigAlg = SIGN_ALGS[sigAlgOid];
	if (sigAlg === undefined)
		throw (new Error('unknown signature algorithm ' + sigAlgOid));
	der._offset = after;

	var sigData = der.readString(asn1.Ber.BitString, true);
	if (sigData[0] === 0)
		sigData = sigData.slice(1);
	var algParts = sigAlg.split('-');

	sig.signature = Signature.parse(sigData, algParts[0], 'asn1');
	sig.signature.hashAlgorithm = algParts[1];
	sig.algo = sigAlg;
	sig.cache = buf.slice(tbsStart, tbsEnd);

	return (new Certificate(cert));
}

function readDate(der) {
	if (der.peek() === asn1.Ber.UTCTime) {
		return (utcTimeToDate(der.readString(asn1.Ber.UTCTime)));
	} else if (der.peek() === asn1.Ber.GeneralizedTime) {
		return (gTimeToDate(der.readString(asn1.Ber.GeneralizedTime)));
	} else {
		throw (new Error('Unsupported date format'));
	}
}

/* RFC5280, section 4.2.1.6 (GeneralName type) */
var ALTNAME = {
	OtherName: Local(0),
	RFC822Name: Context(1),
	DNSName: Context(2),
	X400Address: Local(3),
	DirectoryName: Local(4),
	EDIPartyName: Local(5),
	URI: Context(6),
	IPAddress: Context(7),
	OID: Context(8)
};

/* RFC5280, section 4.2.1.12 (KeyPurposeId) */
var EXTPURPOSE = {
	'serverAuth': '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1',
	'clientAuth': '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2',
	'codeSigning': '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3',

	/* See https://github.com/joyent/oid-docs/blob/master/root.md */
	'joyentDocker': '1.3.6.1.4.1.38678.1.4.1',
	'joyentCmon': '1.3.6.1.4.1.38678.1.4.2'
};
var EXTPURPOSE_REV = {};
Object.keys(EXTPURPOSE).forEach(function (k) {
	EXTPURPOSE_REV[EXTPURPOSE[k]] = k;
});

var KEYUSEBITS = [
	'signature', 'identity', 'keyEncryption',
	'encryption', 'keyAgreement', 'ca', 'crl'
];

function readExtension(cert, buf, der) {
	der.readSequence();
	var after = der.offset + der.length;
	var extId = der.readOID();
	var id;
	var sig = cert.signatures.x509;
	sig.extras.exts = [];

	var critical;
	if (der.peek() === asn1.Ber.Boolean)
		critical = der.readBoolean();

	switch (extId) {
	case (EXTS.basicConstraints):
		der.readSequence(asn1.Ber.OctetString);
		der.readSequence();
		var bcEnd = der.offset + der.length;
		var ca = false;
		if (der.peek() === asn1.Ber.Boolean)
			ca = der.readBoolean();
		if (cert.purposes === undefined)
			cert.purposes = [];
		if (ca === true)
			cert.purposes.push('ca');
		var bc = { oid: extId, critical: critical };
		if (der.offset < bcEnd && der.peek() === asn1.Ber.Integer)
			bc.pathLen = der.readInt();
		sig.extras.exts.push(bc);
		break;
	case (EXTS.extKeyUsage):
		der.readSequence(asn1.Ber.OctetString);
		der.readSequence();
		if (cert.purposes === undefined)
			cert.purposes = [];
		var ekEnd = der.offset + der.length;
		while (der.offset < ekEnd) {
			var oid = der.readOID();
			cert.purposes.push(EXTPURPOSE_REV[oid] || oid);
		}
		/*
		 * This is a bit of a hack: in the case where we have a cert
		 * that's only allowed to do serverAuth or clientAuth (and not
		 * the other), we want to make sure all our Subjects are of
		 * the right type. But we already parsed our Subjects and
		 * decided if they were hosts or users earlier (since it appears
		 * first in the cert).
		 *
		 * So we go through and mutate them into the right kind here if
		 * it doesn't match. This might not be hugely beneficial, as it
		 * seems that single-purpose certs are not often seen in the
		 * wild.
		 */
		if (cert.purposes.indexOf('serverAuth') !== -1 &&
		    cert.purposes.indexOf('clientAuth') === -1) {
			cert.subjects.forEach(function (ide) {
				if (ide.type !== 'host') {
					ide.type = 'host';
					ide.hostname = ide.uid ||
					    ide.email ||
					    ide.components[0].value;
				}
			});
		} else if (cert.purposes.indexOf('clientAuth') !== -1 &&
		    cert.purposes.indexOf('serverAuth') === -1) {
			cert.subjects.forEach(function (ide) {
				if (ide.type !== 'user') {
					ide.type = 'user';
					ide.uid = ide.hostname ||
					    ide.email ||
					    ide.components[0].value;
				}
			});
		}
		sig.extras.exts.push({ oid: extId, critical: critical });
		break;
	case (EXTS.keyUsage):
		der.readSequence(asn1.Ber.OctetString);
		var bits = der.readString(asn1.Ber.BitString, true);
		var setBits = readBitField(bits, KEYUSEBITS);
		setBits.forEach(function (bit) {
			if (cert.purposes === undefined)
				cert.purposes = [];
			if (cert.purposes.indexOf(bit) === -1)
				cert.purposes.push(bit);
		});
		sig.extras.exts.push({ oid: extId, critical: critical,
		    bits: bits });
		break;
	case (EXTS.altName):
		der.readSequence(asn1.Ber.OctetString);
		der.readSequence();
		var aeEnd = der.offset + der.length;
		while (der.offset < aeEnd) {
			switch (der.peek()) {
			case ALTNAME.OtherName:
			case ALTNAME.EDIPartyName:
				der.readSequence();
				der._offset += der.length;
				break;
			case ALTNAME.OID:
				der.readOID(ALTNAME.OID);
				break;
			case ALTNAME.RFC822Name:
				/* RFC822 specifies email addresses */
				var email = der.readString(ALTNAME.RFC822Name);
				id = Identity.forEmail(email);
				if (!cert.subjects[0].equals(id))
					cert.subjects.push(id);
				break;
			case ALTNAME.DirectoryName:
				der.readSequence(ALTNAME.DirectoryName);
				id = Identity.parseAsn1(der);
				if (!cert.subjects[0].equals(id))
					cert.subjects.push(id);
				break;
			case ALTNAME.DNSName:
				var host = der.readString(
				    ALTNAME.DNSName);
				id = Identity.forHost(host);
				if (!cert.subjects[0].equals(id))
					cert.subjects.push(id);
				break;
			default:
				der.readString(der.peek());
				break;
			}
		}
		sig.extras.exts.push({ oid: extId, critical: critical });
		break;
	default:
		sig.extras.exts.push({
			oid: extId,
			critical: critical,
			data: der.readString(asn1.Ber.OctetString, true)
		});
		break;
	}

	der._offset = after;
}

var UTCTIME_RE =
    /^([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})?Z$/;
function utcTimeToDate(t) {
	var m = t.match(UTCTIME_RE);
	assert.ok(m, 'timestamps must be in UTC');
	var d = new Date();

	var thisYear = d.getUTCFullYear();
	var century = Math.floor(thisYear / 100) * 100;

	var year = parseInt(m[1], 10);
	if (thisYear % 100 < 50 && year >= 60)
		year += (century - 1);
	else
		year += century;
	d.setUTCFullYear(year, parseInt(m[2], 10) - 1, parseInt(m[3], 10));
	d.setUTCHours(parseInt(m[4], 10), parseInt(m[5], 10));
	if (m[6] && m[6].length > 0)
		d.setUTCSeconds(parseInt(m[6], 10));
	return (d);
}

var GTIME_RE =
    /^([0-9]{4})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})?Z$/;
function gTimeToDate(t) {
	var m = t.match(GTIME_RE);
	assert.ok(m);
	var d = new Date();

	d.setUTCFullYear(parseInt(m[1], 10), parseInt(m[2], 10) - 1,
	    parseInt(m[3], 10));
	d.setUTCHours(parseInt(m[4], 10), parseInt(m[5], 10));
	if (m[6] && m[6].length > 0)
		d.setUTCSeconds(parseInt(m[6], 10));
	return (d);
}

function zeroPad(n) {
	var s = '' + n;
	while (s.length < 2)
		s = '0' + s;
	return (s);
}

function dateToUTCTime(d) {
	var s = '';
	s += zeroPad(d.getUTCFullYear() % 100);
	s += zeroPad(d.getUTCMonth() + 1);
	s += zeroPad(d.getUTCDate());
	s += zeroPad(d.getUTCHours());
	s += zeroPad(d.getUTCMinutes());
	s += zeroPad(d.getUTCSeconds());
	s += 'Z';
	return (s);
}

function sign(cert, key) {
	if (cert.signatures.x509 === undefined)
		cert.signatures.x509 = {};
	var sig = cert.signatures.x509;

	sig.algo = key.type + '-' + key.defaultHashAlgorithm();
	if (SIGN_ALGS[sig.algo] === undefined)
		return (false);

	var der = new asn1.BerWriter();
	writeTBSCert(cert, der);
	var blob = der.buffer;
	sig.cache = blob;

	var signer = key.createSign();
	signer.write(blob);
	cert.signatures.x509.signature = signer.sign();

	return (true);
}

function signAsync(cert, signer, done) {
	if (cert.signatures.x509 === undefined)
		cert.signatures.x509 = {};
	var sig = cert.signatures.x509;

	var der = new asn1.BerWriter();
	writeTBSCert(cert, der);
	var blob = der.buffer;
	sig.cache = blob;

	signer(blob, function (err, signature) {
		if (err) {
			done(err);
			return;
		}
		sig.algo = signature.type + '-' + signature.hashAlgorithm;
		if (SIGN_ALGS[sig.algo] === undefined) {
			done(new Error('Invalid signing algorithm "' +
			    sig.algo + '"'));
			return;
		}
		sig.signature = signature;
		done();
	});
}

function write(cert, options) {
	var sig = cert.signatures.x509;
	assert.object(sig, 'x509 signature');

	var der = new asn1.BerWriter();
	der.startSequence();
	if (sig.cache) {
		der._ensure(sig.cache.length);
		sig.cache.copy(der._buf, der._offset);
		der._offset += sig.cache.length;
	} else {
		writeTBSCert(cert, der);
	}

	der.startSequence();
	der.writeOID(SIGN_ALGS[sig.algo]);
	if (sig.algo.match(/^rsa-/))
		der.writeNull();
	der.endSequence();

	var sigData = sig.signature.toBuffer('asn1');
	var data = new Buffer(sigData.length + 1);
	data[0] = 0;
	sigData.copy(data, 1);
	der.writeBuffer(data, asn1.Ber.BitString);
	der.endSequence();

	return (der.buffer);
}

function writeTBSCert(cert, der) {
	var sig = cert.signatures.x509;
	assert.object(sig, 'x509 signature');

	der.startSequence();

	der.startSequence(Local(0));
	der.writeInt(2);
	der.endSequence();

	der.writeBuffer(utils.mpNormalize(cert.serial), asn1.Ber.Integer);

	der.startSequence();
	der.writeOID(SIGN_ALGS[sig.algo]);
	der.endSequence();

	cert.issuer.toAsn1(der);

	der.startSequence();
	der.writeString(dateToUTCTime(cert.validFrom), asn1.Ber.UTCTime);
	der.writeString(dateToUTCTime(cert.validUntil), asn1.Ber.UTCTime);
	der.endSequence();

	var subject = cert.subjects[0];
	var altNames = cert.subjects.slice(1);
	subject.toAsn1(der);

	pkcs8.writePkcs8(der, cert.subjectKey);

	if (sig.extras && sig.extras.issuerUniqueID) {
		der.writeBuffer(sig.extras.issuerUniqueID, Local(1));
	}

	if (sig.extras && sig.extras.subjectUniqueID) {
		der.writeBuffer(sig.extras.subjectUniqueID, Local(2));
	}

	if (altNames.length > 0 || subject.type === 'host' ||
	    (cert.purposes !== undefined && cert.purposes.length > 0) ||
	    (sig.extras && sig.extras.exts)) {
		der.startSequence(Local(3));
		der.startSequence();

		var exts = [];
		if (cert.purposes !== undefined && cert.purposes.length > 0) {
			exts.push({
				oid: EXTS.basicConstraints,
				critical: true
			});
			exts.push({
				oid: EXTS.keyUsage,
				critical: true
			});
			exts.push({
				oid: EXTS.extKeyUsage,
				critical: true
			});
		}
		exts.push({ oid: EXTS.altName });
		if (sig.extras && sig.extras.exts)
			exts = sig.extras.exts;

		for (var i = 0; i < exts.length; ++i) {
			der.startSequence();
			der.writeOID(exts[i].oid);

			if (exts[i].critical !== undefined)
				der.writeBoolean(exts[i].critical);

			if (exts[i].oid === EXTS.altName) {
				der.startSequence(asn1.Ber.OctetString);
				der.startSequence();
				if (subject.type === 'host') {
					der.writeString(subject.hostname,
					    Context(2));
				}
				for (var j = 0; j < altNames.length; ++j) {
					if (altNames[j].type === 'host') {
						der.writeString(
						    altNames[j].hostname,
						    ALTNAME.DNSName);
					} else if (altNames[j].type ===
					    'email') {
						der.writeString(
						    altNames[j].email,
						    ALTNAME.RFC822Name);
					} else {
						/*
						 * Encode anything else as a
						 * DN style name for now.
						 */
						der.startSequence(
						    ALTNAME.DirectoryName);
						altNames[j].toAsn1(der);
						der.endSequence();
					}
				}
				der.endSequence();
				der.endSequence();
			} else if (exts[i].oid === EXTS.basicConstraints) {
				der.startSequence(asn1.Ber.OctetString);
				der.startSequence();
				var ca = (cert.purposes.indexOf('ca') !== -1);
				var pathLen = exts[i].pathLen;
				der.writeBoolean(ca);
				if (pathLen !== undefined)
					der.writeInt(pathLen);
				der.endSequence();
				der.endSequence();
			} else if (exts[i].oid === EXTS.extKeyUsage) {
				der.startSequence(asn1.Ber.OctetString);
				der.startSequence();
				cert.purposes.forEach(function (purpose) {
					if (purpose === 'ca')
						return;
					if (KEYUSEBITS.indexOf(purpose) !== -1)
						return;
					var oid = purpose;
					if (EXTPURPOSE[purpose] !== undefined)
						oid = EXTPURPOSE[purpose];
					der.writeOID(oid);
				});
				der.endSequence();
				der.endSequence();
			} else if (exts[i].oid === EXTS.keyUsage) {
				der.startSequence(asn1.Ber.OctetString);
				/*
				 * If we parsed this certificate from a byte
				 * stream (i.e. we didn't generate it in sshpk)
				 * then we'll have a ".bits" property on the
				 * ext with the original raw byte contents.
				 *
				 * If we have this, use it here instead of
				 * regenerating it. This guarantees we output
				 * the same data we parsed, so signatures still
				 * validate.
				 */
				if (exts[i].bits !== undefined) {
					der.writeBuffer(exts[i].bits,
					    asn1.Ber.BitString);
				} else {
					var bits = writeBitField(cert.purposes,
					    KEYUSEBITS);
					der.writeBuffer(bits,
					    asn1.Ber.BitString);
				}
				der.endSequence();
			} else {
				der.writeBuffer(exts[i].data,
				    asn1.Ber.OctetString);
			}

			der.endSequence();
		}

		der.endSequence();
		der.endSequence();
	}

	der.endSequence();
}

/*
 * Reads an ASN.1 BER bitfield out of the Buffer produced by doing
 * `BerReader#readString(asn1.Ber.BitString)`. That function gives us the raw
 * contents of the BitString tag, which is a count of unused bits followed by
 * the bits as a right-padded byte string.
 *
 * `bits` is the Buffer, `bitIndex` should contain an array of string names
 * for the bits in the string, ordered starting with bit #0 in the ASN.1 spec.
 *
 * Returns an array of Strings, the names of the bits that were set to 1.
 */
function readBitField(bits, bitIndex) {
	var bitLen = 8 * (bits.length - 1) - bits[0];
	var setBits = {};
	for (var i = 0; i < bitLen; ++i) {
		var byteN = 1 + Math.floor(i / 8);
		var bit = 7 - (i % 8);
		var mask = 1 << bit;
		var bitVal = ((bits[byteN] & mask) !== 0);
		var name = bitIndex[i];
		if (bitVal && typeof (name) === 'string') {
			setBits[name] = true;
		}
	}
	return (Object.keys(setBits));
}

/*
 * `setBits` is an array of strings, containing the names for each bit that
 * sould be set to 1. `bitIndex` is same as in `readBitField()`.
 *
 * Returns a Buffer, ready to be written out with `BerWriter#writeString()`.
 */
function writeBitField(setBits, bitIndex) {
	var bitLen = bitIndex.length;
	var blen = Math.ceil(bitLen / 8);
	var unused = blen * 8 - bitLen;
	var bits = new Buffer(1 + blen);
	bits.fill(0);
	bits[0] = unused;
	for (var i = 0; i < bitLen; ++i) {
		var byteN = 1 + Math.floor(i / 8);
		var bit = 7 - (i % 8);
		var mask = 1 << bit;
		var name = bitIndex[i];
		if (name === undefined)
			continue;
		var bitVal = (setBits.indexOf(name) !== -1);
		if (bitVal) {
			bits[byteN] |= mask;
		}
	}
	return (bits);
}