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post_parent_title: common-Telemetry (landing page)
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This article provides advanced configuration information for the <a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-915_mhz/">3DR Radio</a>. It is intended for "power users", and those who wish to gain a better understanding of how the radios operate.
This article provides advanced configuration information for the <a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-set">3DR Radio</a>. It is intended for "power users", and those who wish to gain a better understanding of how the radios operate.

[tip]Most users will only need the basic guide and feature overview provided in <a href="common-3dr-radio-version-2" title="common-3DR Radio v2">3DR Radio v2</a>. [/tip]
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post_parent_title: common-Telemetry (landing page)
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The <a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-915_mhz/">3DR Radio</a> (version 2) is the easiest way to setup a telemetry connection between your APM/Pixhawk and a ground station. This article provides a basic user guide for how to connect and configure your radio.
The <a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-set">3DR Radio</a> (version 2) is the easiest way to setup a telemetry connection between your APM/Pixhawk and a ground station. This article provides a basic user guide for how to connect and configure your radio.
<!--more-->

[caption id="attachment_4013" align="alignnone" width="420"]<a href="http://planner.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/08/3DR_Radio_Version2.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-4013" src="http://planner.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/08/3DR_Radio_Version2.jpg" alt="3DR Radio v2" width="420" height="264" /></a> 3DR Radio v2[/caption]
<h1>Overview</h1>
The <a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-915_mhz/">3DR Radio</a> is the easiest way to setup a telemetry connection between your APM/Pixhawk and a ground station. It is small, light and inexpensive, and typically allows ranges of better than 300m "out of the box" (the range can be extended to several kilometres with the use of a patch antenna on the ground). The radio uses <a href="https://github.com/tridge/SiK" target="_blank">open source firmware</a> which has been specially designed to work well with MAVLink packets and to be integrated with the Mission Planner, Copter, Rover and Plane.
The <a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-set">3DR Radio</a> is the easiest way to setup a telemetry connection between your APM/Pixhawk and a ground station. It is small, light and inexpensive, and typically allows ranges of better than 300m "out of the box" (the range can be extended to several kilometres with the use of a patch antenna on the ground). The radio uses <a href="https://github.com/tridge/SiK" target="_blank">open source firmware</a> which has been specially designed to work well with MAVLink packets and to be integrated with the Mission Planner, Copter, Rover and Plane.

The radios can be either 915Mhz or 433Mhz and you should purchase the model which is <a href="#support_for_different_countriesregions">appropriate for your country/region</a>.

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37 changes: 37 additions & 0 deletions common.ardupilot.com/common-choosing-a-flight-controller.html
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This topic aims to help you select a flight controller board. <!-- more -->
[tip]At time of writing (August 2015) <a href="common-pixhawk-overview/">Pixhawk</a> is highly recommended for general use. Developers creating UAV vision applications should consider <a href="common-navio-overview">NAVIO+</a>.[/tip]

<h1>Overview</h1>

There are three readily available autopilots that run ArduPilot, the <a href="common-pixhawk-overview">Pixhawk</a>, <a href="common-apm25-and-26-overview">APM2.6</a> and <a href="common-px4fmu-overview">PX4</a> (all sold by 3DRobotics).  In addition there are clones and small variants of these boards.

<a href="http://copter.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/09/ChooseAFlightController_titleImage.png"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-12732" src="http://copter.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/09/ChooseAFlightController_titleImage.png" alt="ChooseAFlightController_titleImage" width="1023" height="354" /></a>

[note]Although these boards have different CPU performance and even different sensors, the user experience is nearly identical and supported features are still very similar.[/note]

There are also a number of completely original boards in various states of development, including some that run on Linux. For information about other flight controller options see <a href="common-autopilots">AutoPilot Hardware Options</a> and <a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wiki/supported-autopilot-controller-boards/">Supported Autopilot Control Boards</a> (dev wiki).


<h1>Pixhawk vs PX4 vs APM2.6</h1>

Out of these three boards, you should generally choose the <a href="http://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-pixhawk" target="_blank">Pixhawk</a> (<a href="wiki/common-pixhawk-overview/">see specs</a>).  This single board flight controller has an ARM CPU and is based on the earlier PX4 but includes many enhancements.  This is the latest and most advanced of the three boards, with the fastest CPU, most RAM, backup accelerometers and gyros, and supports backup compass and GPS.

The <a href="common-px4fmu-overview">PX4</a> (see hardware overview of <a href="common-px4fmu-overview">FMU</a> and <a href="common-px4io-overview">I/O board</a> components) was the first ARM based board to run Copter.  Like the Pixhawk, it was developed in cooperation with <a href="https://pixhawk.org/" target="_blank">ETH's PX4 team</a>.  With a slightly slower CPU and less RAM than the Pixhawk, its main advantage over the other two boards is its small size.

The <a href="common-apm25-and-26-overview">APM2.6</a> is the final edition of the traditional AVR CPU based ArduPilot flight controllers.  It is now reaching the its memory and CPU limits and does not support all ArduPilot vehicle types. [site_Rover]It is still supported for Rover.[/site_Rover]

[site_Copter][warning]The APM2.6 board is no longer supported for Copter. From Copter 3.3 firmware (and later) no longer fits on APM boards. The last firmware builds that can be installed (AC v3.2.1) can be downloaded from here: <a title="DIY Drones Firmware" href="http://ardupilot.com/downloads/?did=121">APM2.x</a> and <a title="Copter 3.2.1 Firmware" href="http://ardupilot.com/downloads/?did=120">APM 1.0</a>. [/warning][/site_Copter]
[site_Plane][note]The APM2.6 board is supported in Plane 3.3.0. It is likely that the next firmware version will no longer fit on the board, and support will be discontinued.[/note][/site_Plane]


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Expand Up @@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ <h1>Comparison table</h1>

<table>
<tr><th>Name</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Platform</th> <th>License</th></tr>

<tr>
<td><strong>Tower</strong> (DroidPlanner 3)</td>
<td><a href="http://planner.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/10/2015-02-09_1544_Tower_DroidPlanner3StructureScan.png"><img src="http://planner.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2014/10/2015-02-09_1544_Tower_DroidPlanner3StructureScan-150x150.png" alt="Tower GCS - Structure Scan" width="150" height="150" class="alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-3965" /></a>Android GCS for phones and tablets. Intended for end users and enthusiasts.
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For Android devices, you will need:
<ul>
<li>Android based tablet that can act as a USB host. Google Nexus tablet are recommended, and the compatible hardware lists for the different GSCs are listed in the table above.</li>
<li>3DR Telemetry Radio System (<a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-915_mhz/" target="_blank">915 Mhz for US</a>, <a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-433_mhz" target="_blank">433 for Europe</a>) which includes the bidirectional ground and air telemetry units.</li>
<li><a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-set">3DR Telemetry Radio System</a> (915 Mhz for US, 433 for Europe) which includes the bidirectional ground and air telemetry units.</li>
<li>USB OTG cable (typically less than $2 on <a href="http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_trksid=m570.l3201&amp;_nkw=usb+otg+cable&amp;_sacat=0" target="_blank">ebay</a> and <a href="http://www.amazon.com/T-Flash-Adapter-Samsung-GT-i9100-GT-N7000/dp/B005FUNYSA/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1376262351&amp;sr=8-5&amp;keywords=android+otg+cable">Amazon</a>).
<a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2013/08/AndroidGCS_USB_dongle.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-2709" src="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2013/08/AndroidGCS_USB_dongle-300x168.jpg" alt="AndroidGCS_USB_dongle" width="300" height="168" /></a>
</li>
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For Desktop devices you will need:

<ul>
<li>3DR Telemetry Radio System (<a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-915_mhz/" target="_blank">915 Mhz for US</a>, <a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-433_mhz" target="_blank">433 for Europe</a>) which includes the bidirectional ground and air telemetry units.</li>
<li><a href="https://store.3drobotics.com/products/3dr-radio-set">3DR Telemetry Radio System</a> (915 Mhz for US, 433 for Europe) which includes the bidirectional ground and air telemetry units.</li>
</ul>

<h2>iPhone/iPad</h2>
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This topic shows how to connect the RC inputs to the APM2.x controller board.

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<h1>Connecting a Receiver</h1>

Connect your RC receiver "S" (signal) pins to the "S" pins on Inputs of APM using a (minimum 5 pin) <a href="http://store.3drobotics.com/products/jumper-cable-6-pin-to-6-pin-individual-female-15cm" target="_blank">jumper cable</a>. You must connect at least channels 1 ~ 5.  Channels 6 ~ 8 are optional. 

<img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-4400" src="http://copter.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/04/Screen-shot-2013-04-19-at-12.03.27-AM.png" alt="Screen shot 2013-04-19 at 12.03.27 AM" width="197" height="146" />

Your RC receiver will require power. Normally this is done by using one 2 or 3 wire connector between the APM Inputs and one channel output on the receiver. See <a href="common-apm25-and-26-overview/#powering_the_apm_2526_board">APM Power Details</a> for limitations and important warnings.


<img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2876" src="http://copter.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2012/12/APM_2_5_RC_IN_enc.jpg" alt="APM 2.55 RC IN" width="900" height="500" />


<h1>Connecting a PPM Sum Receiver</h1>

PPM receivers transmit all the channel information above through a single port (some will transmit additional channels - for example the FrSky D8RSP receiver outputs 7 PWM channels, while in CPPM mode it will output 8).

On APM2 you can use PPM input by putting a <a href="https://www.sparkfun.com/products/9044" target="_blank">jumper</a> on the RC inputs for channel 2 and 3 (just the signal pins). PPM input from the receiver should be fed into channel 1.

<img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-2877" src="http://copter.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2012/12/APM_2_5_RC_PPM_IN_enc.jpg" alt="APM 2.5 RC PPM IN" width="900" height="500" />

If you need to rearrange the channel order when using PPM and are unable to do this from the transmitter, you can do this with the RCMAP Advanced parameters. Read more about them <a href="http://copter.ardupilot.com/wiki/arducopter-parameters/#RCMAP__Parameters">here (Copter)</a>.

[site_Copter][note]Copter 2.8.1 and earlier versions required you use a transmitter/receiver combination that outputs at least 8 channels of ppm information. This is resolved in version 2.9 so receivers like this should work.[/note][/site_Copter]
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post_parent_title: common-Autopilot Hardware Options
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This page presents the <a href="https://erlerobotics.com/blog/product/erle-brain/">Erle-Brain</a> Linux autopilot — an APM autopilot and <a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wiki/companion-computers/" title="Companion Computer">companion computer</a> in a single package.
This page presents the <a href="https://erlerobotics.com/blog/product/erle-brain/">Erle-Brain</a> Linux autopilot — an APM autopilot and <a title="Companion Computer" href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wiki/companion-computers/">companion computer</a> in a single package.
<!--more-->
<a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/brain-v1.1-focus.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-5423" src="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/brain-v1.1-focus-265x300.png" alt="brain-v1.1-focus" width="265" height="300" /></a><a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/Captura-de-pantalla-2015-04-03-a-las-11.00.37.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-5431" src="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/Captura-de-pantalla-2015-04-03-a-las-11.00.37-226x300.png" alt="Erle-Brain composition" width="226" height="300" /></a>



<h1>Overview</h1>

<em>Erle-Brain</em> combines an embedded Linux computer (the BeagleBone Black) and the PixHawk Fire cape — a daughter board containing several sensors, IO and power electronics. It is an open hardware Linux embedded device that runs APM as well many other frameworks and services for robotic application development.

Some <em>Erle-Brain</em> features include:
Expand All @@ -25,100 +21,63 @@ <h1>Overview</h1>
<li>WiFi-enabled</li>
<li>ROS focus (Hydromedusa and Indigo available)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/erlerobot?utf8=%E2%9C%93&amp;query=ros">ROS packages </a> for sensors and peripherals</li>
<li><a href="http://python.dronekit.io/" title="DroneKit">DroneKit-Python</a> support</li>
<li><a title="DroneKit" href="http://python.dronekit.io/">DroneKit-Python</a> support</li>
<li>Snappy Ubuntu app store supported</li>
<li>MAVProxy can automatically bridge MAVLink packets to your WiFi network.</li>
<li>3 IMUs (LSM9D, MPU9250, MPU6000)</li>
</ul>

Erle-Brain can be purchased from the <a href="https://erlerobotics.com/blog/product/erle-brain/">Erle Robotics store</a>.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbcIjelaFgM
<h1>Quick start</h1>

The easiest way to get started is to SSH into Erle-Brain and play around with it:


<h2>If connected by WiFi:</h2>
<pre>ssh 11.0.0.1</pre>


<h2>If connected by USB:</h2>
<pre>ssh 192.168.7.2</pre>



<h1>Hardware setup</h1>
<h2>General setup</h2>
<a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/HardwareSetUp.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-5435" src="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/HardwareSetUp-300x225.png" alt="HardwareSetUp" width="300" height="225" /></a>


<h2>RC out and in</h2>
<a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/PWMsetup.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-5434" src="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/PWM_setup-300x233.png" alt="PWM_setup" width="300" height="233" />
</a>

Please note that the GND is in the lower pin of the header:

<a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/PWMsetup.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-5433" src="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/PWMsetup-300x234.png" alt="PWMsetup" width="300" height="234" /></a>

<h2>Connecting the D4R-II receiver</h2>

Many might be interested in using this popular receiver so here's an image that shows how to do it:



<a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/RCsetup.png"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-5432" src="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/RCsetup-300x224.png" alt="RCsetup" width="300" height="224" /></a>



<h1>Building APM AutoPilot on Erle-Brain</h1>

Run the following instructions in the bash command prompt to build APM on Erle-Brain:
<pre>
sudo apt-get install gawk gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf
<pre>sudo apt-get install gawk gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf
git clone http://github.com/erlerobot/ardupilot

cd ardupilot/Copter
make configure
make pxf
</pre>




<h1>Snappy Ubuntu Core store</h1>

Erle-Brain comes with full support for <a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/things">Snappy Ubuntu Core</a>. Just <a href="http://erlerobotics.gitbooks.io/erle-robotics-erle-brain-a-linux-brain-for-drones/content/en/software/update.html">fetch one of the available images</a> (for the microSD card) and start developing <em>snaps</em>.

[note]
<blockquote>Snappy Ubuntu Core is a new rendition of Ubuntu with transactional updates - a minimal server image with the same libraries as today’s Ubuntu, but applications are provided through a simpler mechanism. The snappy approach is faster, more reliable, and lets us provide stronger security guarantees for apps and users — that’s why we call them “snappy” applications.</blockquote>
<a href="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/Captura-de-pantalla-2015-04-03-a-las-11.39.07.png"><img class="alignnone wp-image-5437 size-large" src="http://dev.ardupilot.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2015/04/Captura-de-pantalla-2015-04-03-a-las-11.39.07-1024x445.png" alt="Captura de pantalla 2015-04-03 a las 11.39.07" width="474" height="205" /></a>[/note]



<h2>Snappy "hello world" example</h2>

The bash commands below show how to install and run a basic "Hello World" app using <em>Snappy</em>:
<pre>snappy-go install hello-world</pre>
<pre>echo.hello-world.canonical
Hello World!</pre>
Additional information about Snappy Ubuntu Core can be found <a href="http://erlerobotics.gitbooks.io/erle-robotics-erle-brain-a-linux-brain-for-drones/content/en/store/appinstall.html">here</a>.



<h2>DroneKit</h2>

3DR's Python DroneKit runs perfectly in Erle-Brain. Full documentation for the Kit and API can be found at the <a href="http://python.dronekit.io/" title="DroneKit-Python">python.dronekit.io</a>.
3DR's Python DroneKit runs perfectly in Erle-Brain. Full documentation for the Kit and API can be found at the <a title="DroneKit-Python" href="http://python.dronekit.io/">python.dronekit.io</a>.

The commands below summarise how to install the kit and its dependencies on Erle-Brain:

<pre>sudo apt-get install pip python-numpy python-opencv python-serial python-pyparsing python-wxgtk2.8

sudo pip install droneapi</pre>


<h2>DroneKit "hello world" example</h2>

<pre># fetch the code
git clone http://github.com/diydrones/droneapi-python.git

Expand All @@ -144,9 +103,5 @@ <h2>DroneKit "hello world" example</h2>
APM: Non-Nav command ID updated to #255 idx=1
waypoint 1
AUTO&gt;</pre>


<h1>Further documentation</h1>

More information about Erle-Brain is available in <a href="http://erlerobotics.gitbooks.io/erle-robotics-erle-brain-a-linux-brain-for-drones/content/en/index.html">its official documentation</a> or from <a href="http://forum.erlerobotics.com">Erle Robotics forum</a>.

More information about Erle-Brain is available in <a href="http://erlerobotics.gitbooks.io/erle-robotics-erle-brain-a-linux-brain-for-drones/content/en/index.html">its official documentation</a> or from <a href="http://forum.erlerobotics.com">Erle Robotics forum</a>.

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