tests.py

# coding: utf-8
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import asyncore
import email
import os
import shutil
import smtpd
import sys
import tempfile
import threading

from django.core import mail
from django.core.mail import (EmailMessage, mail_admins, mail_managers,
        EmailMultiAlternatives, send_mail, send_mass_mail)
from django.core.mail.backends import console, dummy, locmem, filebased, smtp
from django.core.mail.message import BadHeaderError
from django.test import SimpleTestCase
from django.test.utils import override_settings
from django.utils.encoding import force_str, force_text, force_bytes
from django.utils.six import PY3, StringIO, binary_type
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy

if PY3:
    from email.utils import parseaddr
    from email import message_from_bytes
else:
    from email.Utils import parseaddr
    message_from_bytes = email.message_from_string


class HeadersCheckMixin(object):

    def assertMessageHasHeaders(self, message, headers):
        """
        Check that :param message: has all :param headers: headers.

        :param message: can be an instance of an email.Message subclass or a
        string with the contens of an email message.
        :param headers: should be a set of (header-name, header-value) tuples.
        """
        if isinstance(message, binary_type):
            message = message_from_bytes(message)
        msg_headers = set(message.items())
        self.assertTrue(headers.issubset(msg_headers), msg='Message is missing '
                        'the following headers: %s' % (headers - msg_headers),)


class MailTests(HeadersCheckMixin, SimpleTestCase):
    """
    Non-backend specific tests.
    """

    def test_ascii(self):
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['Subject'], 'Subject')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(), 'Content')
        self.assertEqual(message['From'], 'from@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(message['To'], 'to@example.com')

    def test_multiple_recipients(self):
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com', 'other@example.com'])
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['Subject'], 'Subject')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(), 'Content')
        self.assertEqual(message['From'], 'from@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(message['To'], 'to@example.com, other@example.com')

    def test_cc(self):
        """Regression test for #7722"""
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'], cc=['cc@example.com'])
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['Cc'], 'cc@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(email.recipients(), ['to@example.com', 'cc@example.com'])

        # Test multiple CC with multiple To
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com', 'other@example.com'], cc=['cc@example.com', 'cc.other@example.com'])
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['Cc'], 'cc@example.com, cc.other@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(email.recipients(), ['to@example.com', 'other@example.com', 'cc@example.com', 'cc.other@example.com'])

        # Testing with Bcc
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com', 'other@example.com'], cc=['cc@example.com', 'cc.other@example.com'], bcc=['bcc@example.com'])
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['Cc'], 'cc@example.com, cc.other@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(email.recipients(), ['to@example.com', 'other@example.com', 'cc@example.com', 'cc.other@example.com', 'bcc@example.com'])

    def test_recipients_as_tuple(self):
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ('to@example.com', 'other@example.com'), cc=('cc@example.com', 'cc.other@example.com'), bcc=('bcc@example.com',))
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['Cc'], 'cc@example.com, cc.other@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(email.recipients(), ['to@example.com', 'other@example.com', 'cc@example.com', 'cc.other@example.com', 'bcc@example.com'])

    def test_header_injection(self):
        email = EmailMessage('Subject\nInjection Test', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        self.assertRaises(BadHeaderError, email.message)
        email = EmailMessage(ugettext_lazy('Subject\nInjection Test'), 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        self.assertRaises(BadHeaderError, email.message)

    def test_space_continuation(self):
        """
        Test for space continuation character in long (ascii) subject headers (#7747)
        """
        email = EmailMessage('Long subject lines that get wrapped should contain a space continuation character to get expected behavior in Outlook and Thunderbird', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        message = email.message()
        # Note that in Python 3, maximum line length has increased from 76 to 78
        self.assertEqual(message['Subject'].encode(), b'Long subject lines that get wrapped should contain a space continuation\n character to get expected behavior in Outlook and Thunderbird')

    def test_message_header_overrides(self):
        """
        Specifying dates or message-ids in the extra headers overrides the
        default values (#9233)
        """
        headers = {"date": "Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000", "Message-ID": "foo"}
        email = EmailMessage('subject', 'content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers=headers)

        self.assertEqual(sorted(email.message().items()), [
            ('Content-Transfer-Encoding', '7bit'),
            ('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset="utf-8"'),
            ('From', 'from@example.com'),
            ('MIME-Version', '1.0'),
            ('Message-ID', 'foo'),
            ('Subject', 'subject'),
            ('To', 'to@example.com'),
            ('date', 'Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000'),
        ])

    def test_from_header(self):
        """
        Make sure we can manually set the From header (#9214)
        """
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['From'], 'from@example.com')

    def test_to_header(self):
        """
        Make sure we can manually set the To header (#17444)
        """
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'bounce@example.com',
                             ['list-subscriber@example.com', 'list-subscriber2@example.com'],
                             headers={'To': 'mailing-list@example.com'})
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['To'], 'mailing-list@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(email.to, ['list-subscriber@example.com', 'list-subscriber2@example.com'])

        # If we don't set the To header manually, it should default to the `to` argument to the constructor
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'bounce@example.com',
                             ['list-subscriber@example.com', 'list-subscriber2@example.com'])
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['To'], 'list-subscriber@example.com, list-subscriber2@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(email.to, ['list-subscriber@example.com', 'list-subscriber2@example.com'])

    def test_multiple_message_call(self):
        """
        Regression for #13259 - Make sure that headers are not changed when
        calling EmailMessage.message()
        """
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['From'], 'from@example.com')
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['From'], 'from@example.com')

    def test_unicode_address_header(self):
        """
        Regression for #11144 - When a to/from/cc header contains unicode,
        make sure the email addresses are parsed correctly (especially with
        regards to commas)
        """
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['"Firstname Sürname" <to@example.com>', 'other@example.com'])
        self.assertEqual(email.message()['To'], '=?utf-8?q?Firstname_S=C3=BCrname?= <to@example.com>, other@example.com')
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['"Sürname, Firstname" <to@example.com>', 'other@example.com'])
        self.assertEqual(email.message()['To'], '=?utf-8?q?S=C3=BCrname=2C_Firstname?= <to@example.com>, other@example.com')

    def test_unicode_headers(self):
        email = EmailMessage("Gżegżółka", "Content", "from@example.com", ["to@example.com"],
                             headers={"Sender": '"Firstname Sürname" <sender@example.com>',
                                      "Comments": 'My Sürname is non-ASCII'})
        message = email.message()
        self.assertEqual(message['Subject'], '=?utf-8?b?R8W8ZWfFvMOzxYJrYQ==?=')
        self.assertEqual(message['Sender'], '=?utf-8?q?Firstname_S=C3=BCrname?= <sender@example.com>')
        self.assertEqual(message['Comments'], '=?utf-8?q?My_S=C3=BCrname_is_non-ASCII?=')

    def test_safe_mime_multipart(self):
        """
        Make sure headers can be set with a different encoding than utf-8 in
        SafeMIMEMultipart as well
        """
        headers = {"Date": "Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000", "Message-ID": "foo"}
        subject, from_email, to = 'hello', 'from@example.com', '"Sürname, Firstname" <to@example.com>'
        text_content = 'This is an important message.'
        html_content = '<p>This is an <strong>important</strong> message.</p>'
        msg = EmailMultiAlternatives('Message from Firstname Sürname', text_content, from_email, [to], headers=headers)
        msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
        msg.encoding = 'iso-8859-1'
        self.assertEqual(msg.message()['To'], '=?iso-8859-1?q?S=FCrname=2C_Firstname?= <to@example.com>')
        self.assertEqual(msg.message()['Subject'], '=?iso-8859-1?q?Message_from_Firstname_S=FCrname?=')

    def test_encoding(self):
        """
        Regression for #12791 - Encode body correctly with other encodings
        than utf-8
        """
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Firstname Sürname is a great guy.', 'from@example.com', ['other@example.com'])
        email.encoding = 'iso-8859-1'
        message = email.message()
        self.assertTrue(message.as_string().startswith('Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"\nMIME-Version: 1.0\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\nSubject: Subject\nFrom: from@example.com\nTo: other@example.com'))
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(), 'Firstname S=FCrname is a great guy.')

        # Make sure MIME attachments also works correctly with other encodings than utf-8
        text_content = 'Firstname Sürname is a great guy.'
        html_content = '<p>Firstname Sürname is a <strong>great</strong> guy.</p>'
        msg = EmailMultiAlternatives('Subject', text_content, 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        msg.encoding = 'iso-8859-1'
        msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
        payload0 = msg.message().get_payload(0)
        self.assertMessageHasHeaders(payload0, {
            ('MIME-Version', '1.0'),
            ('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"'),
            ('Content-Transfer-Encoding', 'quoted-printable')})
        self.assertTrue(payload0.as_bytes().endswith(b'\n\nFirstname S=FCrname is a great guy.'))
        payload1 = msg.message().get_payload(1)
        self.assertMessageHasHeaders(payload1, {
            ('MIME-Version', '1.0'),
            ('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"'),
            ('Content-Transfer-Encoding', 'quoted-printable')})
        self.assertTrue(payload1.as_bytes().endswith(b'\n\n<p>Firstname S=FCrname is a <strong>great</strong> guy.</p>'))

    def test_attachments(self):
        """Regression test for #9367"""
        headers = {"Date": "Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000", "Message-ID": "foo"}
        subject, from_email, to = 'hello', 'from@example.com', 'to@example.com'
        text_content = 'This is an important message.'
        html_content = '<p>This is an <strong>important</strong> message.</p>'
        msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, from_email, [to], headers=headers)
        msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
        msg.attach("an attachment.pdf", b"%PDF-1.4.%...", mimetype="application/pdf")
        msg_bytes = msg.message().as_bytes()
        message = message_from_bytes(msg_bytes)
        self.assertTrue(message.is_multipart())
        self.assertEqual(message.get_content_type(), 'multipart/mixed')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_default_type(), 'text/plain')
        payload = message.get_payload()
        self.assertEqual(payload[0].get_content_type(), 'multipart/alternative')
        self.assertEqual(payload[1].get_content_type(), 'application/pdf')

    def test_non_ascii_attachment_filename(self):
        """Regression test for #14964"""
        headers = {"Date": "Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000", "Message-ID": "foo"}
        subject, from_email, to = 'hello', 'from@example.com', 'to@example.com'
        content = 'This is the message.'
        msg = EmailMessage(subject, content, from_email, [to], headers=headers)
        # Unicode in file name
        msg.attach("une pièce jointe.pdf", b"%PDF-1.4.%...", mimetype="application/pdf")
        msg_bytes = msg.message().as_bytes()
        message = message_from_bytes(msg_bytes)
        payload = message.get_payload()
        self.assertEqual(payload[1].get_filename(), 'une pièce jointe.pdf')

    def test_dummy_backend(self):
        """
        Make sure that dummy backends returns correct number of sent messages
        """
        connection = dummy.EmailBackend()
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        self.assertEqual(connection.send_messages([email, email, email]), 3)

    def test_arbitrary_keyword(self):
        """
        Make sure that get_connection() accepts arbitrary keyword that might be
        used with custom backends.
        """
        c = mail.get_connection(fail_silently=True, foo='bar')
        self.assertTrue(c.fail_silently)

    def test_custom_backend(self):
        """Test custom backend defined in this suite."""
        conn = mail.get_connection('mail.custombackend.EmailBackend')
        self.assertTrue(hasattr(conn, 'test_outbox'))
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        conn.send_messages([email])
        self.assertEqual(len(conn.test_outbox), 1)

    def test_backend_arg(self):
        """Test backend argument of mail.get_connection()"""
        self.assertIsInstance(mail.get_connection('django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'), smtp.EmailBackend)
        self.assertIsInstance(mail.get_connection('django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend'), locmem.EmailBackend)
        self.assertIsInstance(mail.get_connection('django.core.mail.backends.dummy.EmailBackend'), dummy.EmailBackend)
        self.assertIsInstance(mail.get_connection('django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'), console.EmailBackend)
        tmp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        try:
            self.assertIsInstance(mail.get_connection('django.core.mail.backends.filebased.EmailBackend', file_path=tmp_dir), filebased.EmailBackend)
        finally:
            shutil.rmtree(tmp_dir)
        self.assertIsInstance(mail.get_connection(), locmem.EmailBackend)

    @override_settings(
        EMAIL_BACKEND='django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend',
        ADMINS=[('nobody', 'nobody@example.com')],
        MANAGERS=[('nobody', 'nobody@example.com')])
    def test_connection_arg(self):
        """Test connection argument to send_mail(), et. al."""
        mail.outbox = []

        # Send using non-default connection
        connection = mail.get_connection('mail.custombackend.EmailBackend')
        send_mail('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'], connection=connection)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox, [])
        self.assertEqual(len(connection.test_outbox), 1)
        self.assertEqual(connection.test_outbox[0].subject, 'Subject')

        connection = mail.get_connection('mail.custombackend.EmailBackend')
        send_mass_mail([
                ('Subject1', 'Content1', 'from1@example.com', ['to1@example.com']),
                ('Subject2', 'Content2', 'from2@example.com', ['to2@example.com']),
            ], connection=connection)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox, [])
        self.assertEqual(len(connection.test_outbox), 2)
        self.assertEqual(connection.test_outbox[0].subject, 'Subject1')
        self.assertEqual(connection.test_outbox[1].subject, 'Subject2')

        connection = mail.get_connection('mail.custombackend.EmailBackend')
        mail_admins('Admin message', 'Content', connection=connection)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox, [])
        self.assertEqual(len(connection.test_outbox), 1)
        self.assertEqual(connection.test_outbox[0].subject, '[Django] Admin message')

        connection = mail.get_connection('mail.custombackend.EmailBackend')
        mail_managers('Manager message', 'Content', connection=connection)
        self.assertEqual(mail.outbox, [])
        self.assertEqual(len(connection.test_outbox), 1)
        self.assertEqual(connection.test_outbox[0].subject, '[Django] Manager message')

    def test_dont_mangle_from_in_body(self):
        # Regression for #13433 - Make sure that EmailMessage doesn't mangle
        # 'From ' in message body.
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'From the future', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        self.assertFalse(b'>From the future' in email.message().as_bytes())

    def test_dont_base64_encode(self):
        # Ticket #3472
        # Shouldn't use Base64 encoding at all
        msg = EmailMessage('Subject', 'UTF-8 encoded body', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        self.assertFalse(b'Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64' in msg.message().as_bytes())

        # Ticket #11212
        # Shouldn't use quoted printable, should detect it can represent content with 7 bit data
        msg = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Body with only ASCII characters.', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        s = msg.message().as_bytes()
        self.assertFalse(b'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable' in s)
        self.assertTrue(b'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit' in s)

        # Shouldn't use quoted printable, should detect it can represent content with 8 bit data
        msg = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Body with latin characters: àáä.', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        s = msg.message().as_bytes()
        self.assertFalse(b'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable' in s)
        self.assertTrue(b'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit' in s)

        msg = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Body with non latin characters: А Б В Г Д Е Ж Ѕ З И І К Л М Н О П.', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        s = msg.message().as_bytes()
        self.assertFalse(b'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable' in s)
        self.assertTrue(b'Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit' in s)


class BaseEmailBackendTests(object):
    email_backend = None

    def setUp(self):
        self.settings_override = override_settings(EMAIL_BACKEND=self.email_backend)
        self.settings_override.enable()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.settings_override.disable()

    def assertStartsWith(self, first, second):
        if not first.startswith(second):
            self.longMessage = True
            self.assertEqual(first[:len(second)], second, "First string doesn't start with the second.")

    def get_mailbox_content(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def flush_mailbox(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def get_the_message(self):
        mailbox = self.get_mailbox_content()
        self.assertEqual(len(mailbox), 1,
            "Expected exactly one message, got %d.\n%r" % (len(mailbox), [
                m.as_string() for m in mailbox]))
        return mailbox[0]

    def test_send(self):
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        num_sent = mail.get_connection().send_messages([email])
        self.assertEqual(num_sent, 1)
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertEqual(message["subject"], "Subject")
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(), "Content")
        self.assertEqual(message["from"], "from@example.com")
        self.assertEqual(message.get_all("to"), ["to@example.com"])

    def test_send_unicode(self):
        email = EmailMessage('Chère maman', 'Je t\'aime très fort', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        num_sent = mail.get_connection().send_messages([email])
        self.assertEqual(num_sent, 1)
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertEqual(message["subject"], '=?utf-8?q?Ch=C3=A8re_maman?=')
        self.assertEqual(force_text(message.get_payload(decode=True)), 'Je t\'aime très fort')

    def test_send_many(self):
        email1 = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content1', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        email2 = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content2', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])
        num_sent = mail.get_connection().send_messages([email1, email2])
        self.assertEqual(num_sent, 2)
        messages = self.get_mailbox_content()
        self.assertEqual(len(messages), 2)
        self.assertEqual(messages[0].get_payload(), "Content1")
        self.assertEqual(messages[1].get_payload(), "Content2")

    def test_send_verbose_name(self):
        email = EmailMessage("Subject", "Content", '"Firstname Sürname" <from@example.com>',
                             ["to@example.com"])
        email.send()
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertEqual(message["subject"], "Subject")
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(), "Content")
        self.assertEqual(message["from"], "=?utf-8?q?Firstname_S=C3=BCrname?= <from@example.com>")

    @override_settings(MANAGERS=[('nobody', 'nobody@example.com')])
    def test_html_mail_managers(self):
        """Test html_message argument to mail_managers"""
        mail_managers('Subject', 'Content', html_message='HTML Content')
        message = self.get_the_message()

        self.assertEqual(message.get('subject'), '[Django] Subject')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_all('to'), ['nobody@example.com'])
        self.assertTrue(message.is_multipart())
        self.assertEqual(len(message.get_payload()), 2)
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(0).get_payload(), 'Content')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(0).get_content_type(), 'text/plain')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(1).get_payload(), 'HTML Content')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(1).get_content_type(), 'text/html')

    @override_settings(ADMINS=[('nobody', 'nobody@example.com')])
    def test_html_mail_admins(self):
        """Test html_message argument to mail_admins """
        mail_admins('Subject', 'Content', html_message='HTML Content')
        message = self.get_the_message()

        self.assertEqual(message.get('subject'), '[Django] Subject')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_all('to'), ['nobody@example.com'])
        self.assertTrue(message.is_multipart())
        self.assertEqual(len(message.get_payload()), 2)
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(0).get_payload(), 'Content')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(0).get_content_type(), 'text/plain')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(1).get_payload(), 'HTML Content')
        self.assertEqual(message.get_payload(1).get_content_type(), 'text/html')

    @override_settings(
        ADMINS=[('nobody', 'nobody+admin@example.com')],
        MANAGERS=[('nobody', 'nobody+manager@example.com')])
    def test_manager_and_admin_mail_prefix(self):
        """
        String prefix + lazy translated subject = bad output
        Regression for #13494
        """
        mail_managers(ugettext_lazy('Subject'), 'Content')
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertEqual(message.get('subject'), '[Django] Subject')

        self.flush_mailbox()
        mail_admins(ugettext_lazy('Subject'), 'Content')
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertEqual(message.get('subject'), '[Django] Subject')

    @override_settings(ADMINS=(), MANAGERS=())
    def test_empty_admins(self):
        """
        Test that mail_admins/mail_managers doesn't connect to the mail server
        if there are no recipients (#9383)
        """
        mail_admins('hi', 'there')
        self.assertEqual(self.get_mailbox_content(), [])
        mail_managers('hi', 'there')
        self.assertEqual(self.get_mailbox_content(), [])

    def test_message_cc_header(self):
        """
        Regression test for #7722
        """
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'], cc=['cc@example.com'])
        mail.get_connection().send_messages([email])
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertStartsWith(message.as_string(), 'MIME-Version: 1.0\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\nSubject: Subject\nFrom: from@example.com\nTo: to@example.com\nCc: cc@example.com\nDate: ')

    def test_idn_send(self):
        """
        Regression test for #14301
        """
        self.assertTrue(send_mail('Subject', 'Content', 'from@öäü.com', ['to@öäü.com']))
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertEqual(message.get('subject'), 'Subject')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('from'), 'from@xn--4ca9at.com')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('to'), 'to@xn--4ca9at.com')

        self.flush_mailbox()
        m = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'from@öäü.com',
                     ['to@öäü.com'], cc=['cc@öäü.com'])
        m.send()
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertEqual(message.get('subject'), 'Subject')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('from'), 'from@xn--4ca9at.com')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('to'), 'to@xn--4ca9at.com')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('cc'), 'cc@xn--4ca9at.com')

    def test_recipient_without_domain(self):
        """
        Regression test for #15042
        """
        self.assertTrue(send_mail("Subject", "Content", "tester", ["django"]))
        message = self.get_the_message()
        self.assertEqual(message.get('subject'), 'Subject')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('from'), "tester")
        self.assertEqual(message.get('to'), "django")

    def test_close_connection(self):
        """
        Test that connection can be closed (even when not explicitely opened)
        """
        conn = mail.get_connection(username='', password='')
        try:
            conn.close()
        except Exception as e:
            self.fail("close() unexpectedly raised an exception: %s" % e)


class LocmemBackendTests(BaseEmailBackendTests, SimpleTestCase):
    email_backend = 'django.core.mail.backends.locmem.EmailBackend'

    def get_mailbox_content(self):
        return [m.message() for m in mail.outbox]

    def flush_mailbox(self):
        mail.outbox = []

    def tearDown(self):
        super(LocmemBackendTests, self).tearDown()
        mail.outbox = []

    def test_locmem_shared_messages(self):
        """
        Make sure that the locmen backend populates the outbox.
        """
        connection = locmem.EmailBackend()
        connection2 = locmem.EmailBackend()
        email = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        connection.send_messages([email])
        connection2.send_messages([email])
        self.assertEqual(len(mail.outbox), 2)

    def test_validate_multiline_headers(self):
        # Ticket #18861 - Validate emails when using the locmem backend
        with self.assertRaises(BadHeaderError):
            send_mail('Subject\nMultiline', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'])


class FileBackendTests(BaseEmailBackendTests, SimpleTestCase):
    email_backend = 'django.core.mail.backends.filebased.EmailBackend'

    def setUp(self):
        super(FileBackendTests, self).setUp()
        self.tmp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, self.tmp_dir)
        self._settings_override = override_settings(EMAIL_FILE_PATH=self.tmp_dir)
        self._settings_override.enable()

    def tearDown(self):
        self._settings_override.disable()
        super(FileBackendTests, self).tearDown()

    def flush_mailbox(self):
        for filename in os.listdir(self.tmp_dir):
            os.unlink(os.path.join(self.tmp_dir, filename))

    def get_mailbox_content(self):
        messages = []
        for filename in os.listdir(self.tmp_dir):
            with open(os.path.join(self.tmp_dir, filename), 'r') as fp:
                session = force_text(fp.read()).split('\n' + ('-' * 79) + '\n')
            messages.extend(email.message_from_string(force_str(m)) for m in session if m)
        return messages

    def test_file_sessions(self):
        """Make sure opening a connection creates a new file"""
        msg = EmailMessage('Subject', 'Content', 'bounce@example.com', ['to@example.com'], headers={'From': 'from@example.com'})
        connection = mail.get_connection()
        connection.send_messages([msg])

        self.assertEqual(len(os.listdir(self.tmp_dir)), 1)
        with open(os.path.join(self.tmp_dir, os.listdir(self.tmp_dir)[0])) as fp:
            message = email.message_from_file(fp)
        self.assertEqual(message.get_content_type(), 'text/plain')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('subject'), 'Subject')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('from'), 'from@example.com')
        self.assertEqual(message.get('to'), 'to@example.com')

        connection2 = mail.get_connection()
        connection2.send_messages([msg])
        self.assertEqual(len(os.listdir(self.tmp_dir)), 2)

        connection.send_messages([msg])
        self.assertEqual(len(os.listdir(self.tmp_dir)), 2)

        msg.connection = mail.get_connection()
        self.assertTrue(connection.open())
        msg.send()
        self.assertEqual(len(os.listdir(self.tmp_dir)), 3)
        msg.send()
        self.assertEqual(len(os.listdir(self.tmp_dir)), 3)

        connection.close()


class ConsoleBackendTests(BaseEmailBackendTests, SimpleTestCase):
    email_backend = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'

    def setUp(self):
        super(ConsoleBackendTests, self).setUp()
        self.__stdout = sys.stdout
        self.stream = sys.stdout = StringIO()

    def tearDown(self):
        del self.stream
        sys.stdout = self.__stdout
        del self.__stdout
        super(ConsoleBackendTests, self).tearDown()

    def flush_mailbox(self):
        self.stream = sys.stdout = StringIO()

    def get_mailbox_content(self):
        messages = self.stream.getvalue().split(force_str('\n' + ('-' * 79) + '\n'))
        return [message_from_bytes(force_bytes(m)) for m in messages if m]

    def test_console_stream_kwarg(self):
        """
        Test that the console backend can be pointed at an arbitrary stream.
        """
        s = StringIO()
        connection = mail.get_connection('django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend', stream=s)
        send_mail('Subject', 'Content', 'from@example.com', ['to@example.com'], connection=connection)
        self.assertTrue(s.getvalue().startswith('MIME-Version: 1.0\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\nSubject: Subject\nFrom: from@example.com\nTo: to@example.com\nDate: '))


class FakeSMTPServer(smtpd.SMTPServer, threading.Thread):
    """
    Asyncore SMTP server wrapped into a thread. Based on DummyFTPServer from:
    http://svn.python.org/view/python/branches/py3k/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py?revision=86061&view=markup
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        smtpd.SMTPServer.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self._sink = []
        self.active = False
        self.active_lock = threading.Lock()
        self.sink_lock = threading.Lock()

    def process_message(self, peer, mailfrom, rcpttos, data):
        if PY3:
            data = data.encode('utf-8')
        m = message_from_bytes(data)
        maddr = parseaddr(m.get('from'))[1]
        if mailfrom != maddr:
            return "553 '%s' != '%s'" % (mailfrom, maddr)
        with self.sink_lock:
            self._sink.append(m)

    def get_sink(self):
        with self.sink_lock:
            return self._sink[:]

    def flush_sink(self):
        with self.sink_lock:
            self._sink[:] = []

    def start(self):
        assert not self.active
        self.__flag = threading.Event()
        threading.Thread.start(self)
        self.__flag.wait()

    def run(self):
        self.active = True
        self.__flag.set()
        while self.active and asyncore.socket_map:
            with self.active_lock:
                asyncore.loop(timeout=0.1, count=1)
        asyncore.close_all()

    def stop(self):
        if self.active:
            self.active = False
            self.join()


class SMTPBackendTests(BaseEmailBackendTests, SimpleTestCase):
    email_backend = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.server = FakeSMTPServer(('127.0.0.1', 0), None)
        cls._settings_override = override_settings(
            EMAIL_HOST="127.0.0.1",
            EMAIL_PORT=cls.server.socket.getsockname()[1])
        cls._settings_override.enable()
        cls.server.start()

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        cls._settings_override.disable()
        cls.server.stop()

    def setUp(self):
        super(SMTPBackendTests, self).setUp()
        self.server.flush_sink()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.server.flush_sink()
        super(SMTPBackendTests, self).tearDown()

    def flush_mailbox(self):
        self.server.flush_sink()

    def get_mailbox_content(self):
        return self.server.get_sink()

    @override_settings(EMAIL_HOST_USER="not empty username",
                        EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD="not empty password")
    def test_email_authentication_use_settings(self):
        backend = smtp.EmailBackend()
        self.assertEqual(backend.username, 'not empty username')
        self.assertEqual(backend.password, 'not empty password')

    @override_settings(EMAIL_HOST_USER="not empty username",
                        EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD="not empty password")
    def test_email_authentication_override_settings(self):
        backend = smtp.EmailBackend(username='username', password='password')
        self.assertEqual(backend.username, 'username')
        self.assertEqual(backend.password, 'password')

    @override_settings(EMAIL_HOST_USER="not empty username",
                        EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD="not empty password")
    def test_email_disabled_authentication(self):
        backend = smtp.EmailBackend(username='', password='')
        self.assertEqual(backend.username, '')
        self.assertEqual(backend.password, '')

    def test_server_stopped(self):
        """
        Test that closing the backend while the SMTP server is stopped doesn't
        raise an exception.
        """
        backend = smtp.EmailBackend(username='', password='')
        backend.open()
        self.server.stop()
        try:
            backend.close()
        except Exception as e:
            self.fail("close() unexpectedly raised an exception: %s" % e)