/
escape.d
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/
escape.d
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/**
* Most of the logic to implement scoped pointers and scoped references is here.
*
* Copyright: Copyright (C) 1999-2024 by The D Language Foundation, All Rights Reserved
* Authors: $(LINK2 https://www.digitalmars.com, Walter Bright)
* License: $(LINK2 https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0)
* Source: $(LINK2 https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/master/src/dmd/escape.d, _escape.d)
* Documentation: https://dlang.org/phobos/dmd_escape.html
* Coverage: https://codecov.io/gh/dlang/dmd/src/master/src/dmd/escape.d
*/
module dmd.escape;
import core.stdc.stdio : printf;
import core.stdc.stdlib;
import core.stdc.string;
import dmd.root.rmem;
import dmd.aggregate;
import dmd.astenums;
import dmd.declaration;
import dmd.dscope;
import dmd.dsymbol;
import dmd.errors;
import dmd.expression;
import dmd.func;
import dmd.globals : FeatureState;
import dmd.id;
import dmd.identifier;
import dmd.init;
import dmd.location;
import dmd.mtype;
import dmd.printast;
import dmd.rootobject;
import dmd.tokens;
import dmd.visitor;
import dmd.arraytypes;
private:
/// Groups global state for escape checking together
package(dmd) struct EscapeState
{
// Maps `sequenceNumber` of a `VarDeclaration` to an object that contains the
// reason it failed to infer `scope`
// https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=23295
private __gshared RootObject[int] scopeInferFailure;
/// Called by `initDMD` / `deinitializeDMD` to reset global state
static void reset()
{
scopeInferFailure = null;
}
}
/******************************************************
* Checks memory objects passed to a function.
* Checks that if a memory object is passed by ref or by pointer,
* all of the refs or pointers are const, or there is only one mutable
* ref or pointer to it.
* References:
* DIP 1021
* Params:
* sc = used to determine current function and module
* fd = function being called
* tf = fd's type
* ethis = if not null, the `this` pointer
* arguments = actual arguments to function
* gag = do not print error messages
* Returns:
* `true` if error
*/
public
bool checkMutableArguments(Scope* sc, FuncDeclaration fd, TypeFunction tf,
Expression ethis, Expressions* arguments, bool gag)
{
enum log = false;
if (log) printf("[%s] checkMutableArguments, fd: `%s`\n", fd.loc.toChars(), fd.toChars());
if (log && ethis) printf("ethis: `%s`\n", ethis.toChars());
bool errors = false;
/* Outer variable references are treated as if they are extra arguments
* passed by ref to the function (which they essentially are via the static link).
*/
VarDeclaration[] outerVars = fd ? fd.outerVars[] : null;
const len = arguments.length + (ethis !is null) + outerVars.length;
if (len <= 1)
return errors;
struct EscapeBy
{
EscapeByResults er;
Parameter param; // null if no Parameter for this argument
bool isMutable; // true if reference to mutable
}
auto escapeBy = new EscapeBy[len];
const paramLength = tf.parameterList.length;
// Fill in escapeBy[] with arguments[], ethis, and outerVars[]
foreach (const i, ref eb; escapeBy)
{
bool refs;
Expression arg;
if (i < arguments.length)
{
arg = (*arguments)[i];
if (i < paramLength)
{
eb.param = tf.parameterList[i];
refs = eb.param.isReference();
eb.isMutable = eb.param.isReferenceToMutable(arg.type);
}
else
{
eb.param = null;
refs = false;
eb.isMutable = arg.type.isReferenceToMutable();
}
}
else if (ethis)
{
/* ethis is passed by value if a class reference,
* by ref if a struct value
*/
eb.param = null;
arg = ethis;
auto ad = fd.isThis();
assert(ad);
assert(ethis);
if (ad.isClassDeclaration())
{
refs = false;
eb.isMutable = arg.type.isReferenceToMutable();
}
else
{
assert(ad.isStructDeclaration());
refs = true;
eb.isMutable = arg.type.isMutable();
}
}
else
{
// outer variables are passed by ref
eb.param = null;
refs = true;
auto var = outerVars[i - (len - outerVars.length)];
eb.isMutable = var.type.isMutable();
eb.er.pushRef(var, false);
continue;
}
if (refs)
escapeByRef(arg, &eb.er);
else
escapeByValue(arg, &eb.er);
}
void checkOnePair(size_t i, ref EscapeBy eb, ref EscapeBy eb2,
VarDeclaration v, VarDeclaration v2, bool of)
{
if (log) printf("v2: `%s`\n", v2.toChars());
if (v2 != v)
return;
//printf("v %d v2 %d\n", eb.isMutable, eb2.isMutable);
if (!(eb.isMutable || eb2.isMutable))
return;
if (!tf.islive && !(sc.useDIP1000 == FeatureState.enabled && sc.func && sc.func.setUnsafe()))
return;
if (!gag)
{
// int i; funcThatEscapes(ref int i);
// funcThatEscapes(i); // error escaping reference _to_ `i`
// int* j; funcThatEscapes2(int* j);
// funcThatEscapes2(j); // error escaping reference _of_ `i`
const(char)* referenceVerb = of ? "of" : "to";
const(char)* msg = eb.isMutable && eb2.isMutable
? "more than one mutable reference %s `%s` in arguments to `%s()`"
: "mutable and const references %s `%s` in arguments to `%s()`";
sc.eSink.error((*arguments)[i].loc, msg,
referenceVerb,
v.toChars(),
fd ? fd.toPrettyChars() : "indirectly");
}
errors = true;
}
void escape(size_t i, ref EscapeBy eb, bool byval)
{
foreach (VarDeclaration v; byval ? eb.er.byvalue : eb.er.byref)
{
if (log)
{
const(char)* by = byval ? "byval" : "byref";
printf("%s %s\n", by, v.toChars());
}
if (byval && !v.type.hasPointers())
continue;
foreach (ref eb2; escapeBy[i + 1 .. $])
{
foreach (VarDeclaration v2; byval ? eb2.er.byvalue : eb2.er.byref)
{
checkOnePair(i, eb, eb2, v, v2, byval);
}
}
}
}
foreach (const i, ref eb; escapeBy[0 .. $ - 1])
{
escape(i, eb, true);
escape(i, eb, false);
}
return errors;
}
/******************************************
* Array literal is going to be allocated on the GC heap.
* Check its elements to see if any would escape by going on the heap.
* Params:
* sc = used to determine current function and module
* ae = array literal expression
* gag = do not print error messages
* Returns:
* `true` if any elements escaped
*/
public
bool checkArrayLiteralEscape(Scope *sc, ArrayLiteralExp ae, bool gag)
{
bool errors;
if (ae.basis)
errors = checkNewEscape(sc, ae.basis, gag);
foreach (ex; *ae.elements)
{
if (ex)
errors |= checkNewEscape(sc, ex, gag);
}
return errors;
}
/******************************************
* Associative array literal is going to be allocated on the GC heap.
* Check its elements to see if any would escape by going on the heap.
* Params:
* sc = used to determine current function and module
* ae = associative array literal expression
* gag = do not print error messages
* Returns:
* `true` if any elements escaped
*/
public
bool checkAssocArrayLiteralEscape(Scope *sc, AssocArrayLiteralExp ae, bool gag)
{
bool errors;
foreach (ex; *ae.keys)
{
if (ex)
errors |= checkNewEscape(sc, ex, gag);
}
foreach (ex; *ae.values)
{
if (ex)
errors |= checkNewEscape(sc, ex, gag);
}
return errors;
}
/**
* A `scope` variable was assigned to non-scope parameter `v`.
* If applicable, print why the parameter was not inferred `scope`.
*
* Params:
* printFunc = error/deprecation print function to use
* v = parameter that was not inferred
* recursionLimit = recursion limit for printing the reason
*/
private
void printScopeFailure(E)(E printFunc, VarDeclaration v, int recursionLimit)
{
recursionLimit--;
if (recursionLimit < 0 || !v)
return;
if (RootObject* o = v.sequenceNumber in EscapeState.scopeInferFailure)
{
switch ((*o).dyncast())
{
case DYNCAST.expression:
Expression e = cast(Expression) *o;
printFunc(e.loc, "which is not `scope` because of `%s`", e.toChars());
break;
case DYNCAST.dsymbol:
VarDeclaration v1 = cast(VarDeclaration) *o;
printFunc(v1.loc, "which is assigned to non-scope parameter `%s`", v1.toChars());
printScopeFailure(printFunc, v1, recursionLimit);
break;
default:
assert(0);
}
}
}
/****************************************
* Function parameter `par` is being initialized to `arg`,
* and `par` may escape.
* Detect if scoped values can escape this way.
* Print error messages when these are detected.
* Params:
* sc = used to determine current function and module
* fdc = function being called, `null` if called indirectly
* parId = name of function parameter for error messages
* vPar = `VarDeclaration` corresponding to `par`
* parStc = storage classes of function parameter (may have added `scope` from `pure`)
* arg = initializer for param
* assertmsg = true if the parameter is the msg argument to assert(bool, msg).
* gag = do not print error messages
* Returns:
* `true` if pointers to the stack can escape via assignment
*/
public
bool checkParamArgumentEscape(Scope* sc, FuncDeclaration fdc, Identifier parId, VarDeclaration vPar, STC parStc, Expression arg, bool assertmsg, bool gag)
{
enum log = false;
if (log) printf("checkParamArgumentEscape(arg: %s par: %s parSTC: %llx)\n",
arg ? arg.toChars() : "null",
parId ? parId.toChars() : "null", parStc);
//printf("type = %s, %d\n", arg.type.toChars(), arg.type.hasPointers());
if (!arg.type.hasPointers())
return false;
EscapeByResults er;
escapeByValue(arg, &er);
if (parStc & STC.scope_)
{
// These errors only apply to non-scope parameters
// When the parameter is `scope`, only `checkScopeVarAddr` on `er.byref` is needed
er.byfunc.setDim(0);
er.byvalue.setDim(0);
er.byexp.setDim(0);
}
if (!er.byref.length && !er.byvalue.length && !er.byfunc.length && !er.byexp.length)
return false;
bool result = false;
/* 'v' is assigned unsafely to 'par'
*/
void unsafeAssign(string desc)(VarDeclaration v)
{
if (assertmsg)
{
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, arg.loc,
desc ~ " `%s` assigned to non-scope parameter calling `assert()`", v);
return;
}
bool isThis = fdc && fdc.needThis() && fdc.vthis == vPar; // implicit `this` parameter to member function
const(char)* msg =
(isThis) ? (desc ~ " `%s` calling non-scope member function `%s.%s()`") :
(fdc && parId) ? (desc ~ " `%s` assigned to non-scope parameter `%s` calling `%s`") :
(fdc && !parId) ? (desc ~ " `%s` assigned to non-scope anonymous parameter calling `%s`") :
(!fdc && parId) ? (desc ~ " `%s` assigned to non-scope parameter `%s`") :
(desc ~ " `%s` assigned to non-scope anonymous parameter");
if (isThis ?
sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, arg.loc, msg, arg, fdc.toParent2(), fdc) :
sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, arg.loc, msg, v, parId ? parId : fdc, fdc))
{
result = true;
printScopeFailure(previewSupplementalFunc(sc.isDeprecated(), sc.useDIP1000), vPar, 10);
}
}
foreach (VarDeclaration v; er.byvalue)
{
if (log) printf("byvalue %s\n", v.toChars());
if (v.isDataseg())
continue;
Dsymbol p = v.toParent2();
notMaybeScope(v, vPar);
if (v.isScope())
{
unsafeAssign!"scope variable"(v);
}
else if (v.isTypesafeVariadicArray && p == sc.func)
{
unsafeAssign!"variadic variable"(v);
}
}
foreach (VarDeclaration v; er.byref)
{
if (log) printf("byref %s\n", v.toChars());
if (v.isDataseg())
continue;
Dsymbol p = v.toParent2();
notMaybeScope(v, arg);
if (checkScopeVarAddr(v, arg, sc, gag))
{
result = true;
continue;
}
if (p == sc.func && !(parStc & STC.scope_))
{
unsafeAssign!"reference to local variable"(v);
continue;
}
}
foreach (FuncDeclaration fd; er.byfunc)
{
//printf("fd = %s, %d\n", fd.toChars(), fd.tookAddressOf);
VarDeclarations vars;
findAllOuterAccessedVariables(fd, &vars);
foreach (v; vars)
{
//printf("v = %s\n", v.toChars());
assert(!v.isDataseg()); // these are not put in the closureVars[]
Dsymbol p = v.toParent2();
notMaybeScope(v, arg);
if ((v.isReference() || v.isScope()) && p == sc.func)
{
unsafeAssign!"reference to local"(v);
continue;
}
}
}
if (!sc.func)
return result;
foreach (Expression ee; er.byexp)
{
const(char)* msg = parId ?
"reference to stack allocated value returned by `%s` assigned to non-scope parameter `%s`" :
"reference to stack allocated value returned by `%s` assigned to non-scope anonymous parameter";
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ee.loc, msg, ee, parId);
}
return result;
}
/*****************************************************
* Function argument initializes a `return` parameter,
* and that parameter gets assigned to `firstArg`.
* Essentially, treat as `firstArg = arg;`
* Params:
* sc = used to determine current function and module
* firstArg = `ref` argument through which `arg` may be assigned
* arg = initializer for parameter
* param = parameter declaration corresponding to `arg`
* gag = do not print error messages
* Returns:
* `true` if assignment to `firstArg` would cause an error
*/
public
bool checkParamArgumentReturn(Scope* sc, Expression firstArg, Expression arg, Parameter param, bool gag)
{
enum log = false;
if (log) printf("checkParamArgumentReturn(firstArg: %s arg: %s)\n",
firstArg.toChars(), arg.toChars());
//printf("type = %s, %d\n", arg.type.toChars(), arg.type.hasPointers());
if (!(param.storageClass & STC.return_))
return false;
if (!arg.type.hasPointers() && !param.isReference())
return false;
// `byRef` needed for `assign(ref int* x, ref int i) {x = &i};`
// Note: taking address of scope pointer is not allowed
// `assign(ref int** x, return ref scope int* i) {x = &i};`
// Thus no return ref/return scope ambiguity here
const byRef = param.isReference() && !(param.storageClass & STC.scope_)
&& !(param.storageClass & STC.returnScope); // fixme: it's possible to infer returnScope without scope with vaIsFirstRef
auto e = new AssignExp(arg.loc, firstArg, arg);
return checkAssignEscape(sc, e, gag, byRef);
}
/*****************************************************
* Check struct constructor of the form `s.this(args)`, by
* checking each `return` parameter to see if it gets
* assigned to `s`.
* Params:
* sc = used to determine current function and module
* ce = constructor call of the form `s.this(args)`
* gag = do not print error messages
* Returns:
* `true` if construction would cause an escaping reference error
*/
public
bool checkConstructorEscape(Scope* sc, CallExp ce, bool gag)
{
enum log = false;
if (log) printf("checkConstructorEscape(%s, %s)\n", ce.toChars(), ce.type.toChars());
Type tthis = ce.type.toBasetype();
assert(tthis.ty == Tstruct);
if (!tthis.hasPointers())
return false;
if (!ce.arguments && ce.arguments.length)
return false;
DotVarExp dve = ce.e1.isDotVarExp();
CtorDeclaration ctor = dve.var.isCtorDeclaration();
TypeFunction tf = ctor.type.isTypeFunction();
const nparams = tf.parameterList.length;
const n = ce.arguments.length;
// j=1 if _arguments[] is first argument
const j = tf.isDstyleVariadic();
/* Attempt to assign each `return` arg to the `this` reference
*/
foreach (const i; 0 .. n)
{
Expression arg = (*ce.arguments)[i];
//printf("\targ[%d]: %s\n", i, arg.toChars());
if (i - j < nparams && i >= j)
{
Parameter p = tf.parameterList[i - j];
if (checkParamArgumentReturn(sc, dve.e1, arg, p, gag))
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/// How a `return` parameter escapes its pointer value
public
enum ReturnParamDest
{
returnVal, /// through return statement: `return x`
this_, /// assigned to a struct instance: `this.x = x`
firstArg, /// assigned to first argument: `firstArg = x`
}
/****************************************
* Find out if instead of returning a `return` parameter via a return statement,
* it is returned via assignment to either `this` or the first parameter.
*
* This works the same as returning the value via a return statement.
* Although the first argument must be `ref`, it is not regarded as returning by `ref`.
*
* See_Also: https://dlang.org.spec/function.html#return-ref-parameters
*
* Params:
* tf = function type
* tthis = type of `this` parameter, or `null` if none
* Returns: What a `return` parameter should transfer the lifetime of the argument to
*/
public
ReturnParamDest returnParamDest(TypeFunction tf, Type tthis)
{
assert(tf);
if (tf.isctor)
return ReturnParamDest.this_;
if (!tf.nextOf() || (tf.nextOf().ty != Tvoid))
return ReturnParamDest.returnVal;
if (tthis && tthis.toBasetype().ty == Tstruct) // class `this` is passed by value
return ReturnParamDest.this_;
if (tf.parameterList.length > 0 && tf.parameterList[0].isReference)
return ReturnParamDest.firstArg;
return ReturnParamDest.returnVal;
}
/****************************************
* Given an `AssignExp`, determine if the lvalue will cause
* the contents of the rvalue to escape.
* Print error messages when these are detected.
* Infer `scope` attribute for the lvalue where possible, in order
* to eliminate the error.
* Params:
* sc = used to determine current function and module
* e = `AssignExp` or `CatAssignExp` to check for any pointers to the stack
* gag = do not print error messages
* byRef = set to `true` if `e1` of `e` gets assigned a reference to `e2`
* Returns:
* `true` if pointers to the stack can escape via assignment
*/
public
bool checkAssignEscape(Scope* sc, Expression e, bool gag, bool byRef)
{
enum log = false;
if (log) printf("checkAssignEscape(e: %s, byRef: %d)\n", e.toChars(), byRef);
if (e.op != EXP.assign && e.op != EXP.blit && e.op != EXP.construct &&
e.op != EXP.concatenateAssign && e.op != EXP.concatenateElemAssign && e.op != EXP.concatenateDcharAssign)
return false;
auto ae = cast(BinExp)e;
Expression e1 = ae.e1;
Expression e2 = ae.e2;
//printf("type = %s, %d\n", e1.type.toChars(), e1.type.hasPointers());
if (!e1.type.hasPointers())
return false;
if (e1.isSliceExp())
{
if (VarDeclaration va = expToVariable(e1))
{
if (!va.type.toBasetype().isTypeSArray() || // treat static array slice same as a variable
!va.type.hasPointers())
return false;
}
else
return false;
}
/* The struct literal case can arise from the S(e2) constructor call:
* return S(e2);
* and appears in this function as:
* structLiteral = e2;
* Such an assignment does not necessarily remove scope-ness.
*/
if (e1.isStructLiteralExp())
return false;
VarDeclaration va = expToVariable(e1);
EscapeByResults er;
if (byRef)
escapeByRef(e2, &er);
else
escapeByValue(e2, &er);
if (!er.byref.length && !er.byvalue.length && !er.byfunc.length && !er.byexp.length)
return false;
if (va && e.op == EXP.concatenateElemAssign)
{
/* https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=17842
* Draw an equivalence between:
* *q = p;
* and:
* va ~= e;
* since we are not assigning to va, but are assigning indirectly through va.
*/
va = null;
}
if (va && e1.isDotVarExp() && va.type.toBasetype().isTypeClass())
{
/* https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=17949
* Draw an equivalence between:
* *q = p;
* and:
* va.field = e2;
* since we are not assigning to va, but are assigning indirectly through class reference va.
*/
va = null;
}
if (log && va) printf("va: %s\n", va.toChars());
FuncDeclaration fd = sc.func;
// Determine if va is a `ref` parameter, so it has a lifetime exceding the function scope
const bool vaIsRef = va && va.isParameter() && va.isReference();
if (log && vaIsRef) printf("va is ref `%s`\n", va.toChars());
// Determine if va is the first parameter, through which other 'return' parameters
// can be assigned.
bool vaIsFirstRef = false;
if (fd && fd.type)
{
final switch (returnParamDest(fd.type.isTypeFunction(), fd.vthis ? fd.vthis.type : null))
{
case ReturnParamDest.this_:
vaIsFirstRef = va == fd.vthis;
break;
case ReturnParamDest.firstArg:
vaIsFirstRef = (*fd.parameters)[0] == va;
break;
case ReturnParamDest.returnVal:
break;
}
}
if (log && vaIsFirstRef) printf("va is first ref `%s`\n", va.toChars());
bool result = false;
foreach (VarDeclaration v; er.byvalue)
{
if (log) printf("byvalue: %s\n", v.toChars());
if (v.isDataseg())
continue;
if (v == va)
continue;
Dsymbol p = v.toParent2();
if (va && !vaIsRef && !va.isScope() && !v.isScope() &&
!v.isTypesafeVariadicArray && !va.isTypesafeVariadicArray &&
(va.isParameter() && va.maybeScope && v.isParameter() && v.maybeScope) &&
p == fd)
{
/* Add v to va's list of dependencies
*/
va.addMaybe(v);
continue;
}
if (vaIsFirstRef && p == fd)
{
inferReturn(fd, v, /*returnScope:*/ true);
}
if (!(va && va.isScope()) || vaIsRef)
notMaybeScope(v, e);
if (v.isScope())
{
if (vaIsFirstRef && v.isParameter() && v.isReturn())
{
// va=v, where v is `return scope`
if (inferScope(va))
continue;
}
// If va's lifetime encloses v's, then error
if (EnclosedBy eb = va.enclosesLifetimeOf(v))
{
const(char)* msg;
final switch (eb)
{
case EnclosedBy.none: assert(0);
case EnclosedBy.returnScope:
msg = "scope variable `%s` assigned to return scope `%s`";
break;
case EnclosedBy.longerScope:
if (v.storage_class & STC.temp)
continue;
msg = "scope variable `%s` assigned to `%s` with longer lifetime";
break;
case EnclosedBy.refVar:
msg = "scope variable `%s` assigned to `ref` variable `%s` with longer lifetime";
break;
case EnclosedBy.global:
msg = "scope variable `%s` assigned to global variable `%s`";
break;
}
if (sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ae.loc, msg, v, va))
{
result = true;
continue;
}
}
// v = scope, va should be scope as well
const vaWasScope = va && va.isScope();
if (inferScope(va))
{
// In case of `scope local = returnScopeParam`, do not infer return scope for `x`
if (!vaWasScope && v.isReturn() && !va.isReturn())
{
if (log) printf("infer return for %s\n", va.toChars());
va.storage_class |= STC.return_ | STC.returninferred;
// Added "return scope" so don't confuse it with "return ref"
if (isRefReturnScope(va.storage_class))
va.storage_class |= STC.returnScope;
}
continue;
}
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ae.loc, "scope variable `%s` assigned to non-scope `%s`", v, e1);
}
else if (v.isTypesafeVariadicArray && p == fd)
{
if (inferScope(va))
continue;
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ae.loc, "variadic variable `%s` assigned to non-scope `%s`", v, e1);
}
else
{
/* v is not 'scope', and we didn't check the scope of where we assigned it to.
* It may escape via that assignment, therefore, v can never be 'scope'.
*/
//printf("no infer for %s in %s, %d\n", v.toChars(), fd.ident.toChars(), __LINE__);
doNotInferScope(v, e);
}
}
foreach (VarDeclaration v; er.byref)
{
if (log) printf("byref: %s\n", v.toChars());
if (v.isDataseg())
continue;
if (checkScopeVarAddr(v, ae, sc, gag))
{
result = true;
continue;
}
if (va && va.isScope() && !v.isReference())
{
if (!va.isReturn())
{
va.doNotInferReturn = true;
}
else
{
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ae.loc,
"address of local variable `%s` assigned to return scope `%s`", v, va);
}
}
Dsymbol p = v.toParent2();
if (vaIsFirstRef && p == fd)
{
//if (log) printf("inferring 'return' for parameter %s in function %s\n", v.toChars(), fd.toChars());
inferReturn(fd, v, /*returnScope:*/ false);
}
// If va's lifetime encloses v's, then error
if (va && !(vaIsFirstRef && v.isReturn()) && va.enclosesLifetimeOf(v))
{
if (sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ae.loc, "address of variable `%s` assigned to `%s` with longer lifetime", v, va))
{
result = true;
continue;
}
}
if (!(va && va.isScope()))
notMaybeScope(v, e);
if (p != sc.func)
continue;
if (inferScope(va))
{
if (v.isReturn() && !va.isReturn())
va.storage_class |= STC.return_ | STC.returninferred;
continue;
}
if (e1.op == EXP.structLiteral)
continue;
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ae.loc, "reference to local variable `%s` assigned to non-scope `%s`", v, e1);
}
foreach (FuncDeclaration func; er.byfunc)
{
if (log) printf("byfunc: %s, %d\n", func.toChars(), func.tookAddressOf);
VarDeclarations vars;
findAllOuterAccessedVariables(func, &vars);
/* https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16037
* If assigning the address of a delegate to a scope variable,
* then uncount that address of. This is so it won't cause a
* closure to be allocated.
*/
if (va && va.isScope() && !va.isReturn() && func.tookAddressOf)
--func.tookAddressOf;
foreach (v; vars)
{
//printf("v = %s\n", v.toChars());
assert(!v.isDataseg()); // these are not put in the closureVars[]
Dsymbol p = v.toParent2();
if (!(va && va.isScope()))
notMaybeScope(v, e);
if (!(v.isReference() || v.isScope()) || p != fd)
continue;
if (va && !va.isDataseg() && (va.isScope() || va.maybeScope))
{
/* Don't infer STC.scope_ for va, because then a closure
* won't be generated for fd.
*/
//if (!va.isScope())
//va.storage_class |= STC.scope_ | STC.scopeinferred;
continue;
}
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ae.loc,
"reference to local `%s` assigned to non-scope `%s` in @safe code", v, e1);
}
}
foreach (Expression ee; er.byexp)
{
if (log) printf("byexp: %s\n", ee.toChars());
/* Do not allow slicing of a static array returned by a function
*/
if (ee.op == EXP.call && ee.type.toBasetype().isTypeSArray() && e1.type.toBasetype().isTypeDArray() &&
!(va && va.storage_class & STC.temp))
{
if (!gag)
sc.eSink.deprecation(ee.loc, "slice of static array temporary returned by `%s` assigned to longer lived variable `%s`",
ee.toChars(), e1.toChars());
//result = true;
continue;
}
if (ee.op == EXP.call && ee.type.toBasetype().isTypeStruct() &&
(!va || !(va.storage_class & STC.temp) && !va.isScope()))
{
if (sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ee.loc, "address of struct temporary returned by `%s` assigned to longer lived variable `%s`", ee, e1))
{
result = true;
continue;
}
}
if (ee.op == EXP.structLiteral &&
(!va || !(va.storage_class & STC.temp)))
{
if (sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ee.loc, "address of struct literal `%s` assigned to longer lived variable `%s`", ee, e1))
{
result = true;
continue;
}
}
if (inferScope(va))
continue;
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, ee.loc,
"reference to stack allocated value returned by `%s` assigned to non-scope `%s`", ee, e1);
}
return result;
}
/************************************
* Detect cases where pointers to the stack can escape the
* lifetime of the stack frame when throwing `e`.
* Print error messages when these are detected.
* Params:
* sc = used to determine current function and module
* e = expression to check for any pointers to the stack
* gag = do not print error messages
* Returns:
* `true` if pointers to the stack can escape
*/
public
bool checkThrowEscape(Scope* sc, Expression e, bool gag)
{
//printf("[%s] checkThrowEscape, e = %s\n", e.loc.toChars(), e.toChars());
EscapeByResults er;
escapeByValue(e, &er);
if (!er.byref.length && !er.byvalue.length && !er.byexp.length)
return false;
bool result = false;
foreach (VarDeclaration v; er.byvalue)
{
//printf("byvalue %s\n", v.toChars());
if (v.isDataseg())
continue;
if (v.isScope() && !v.iscatchvar) // special case: allow catch var to be rethrown
// despite being `scope`
{
// https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=17029
result |= sc.setUnsafeDIP1000(gag, e.loc, "scope variable `%s` may not be thrown", v);
continue;
}
else
{