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Math.xml
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Math.xml
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<Type Name="Math" FullName="System.Math">
<TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public static class Math" FrameworkAlternate="dotnet-uwp-10.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-1.0;netcore-1.1;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1;netframework-2.0;netframework-3.0;netframework-3.5;netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2;netframework-4.6;netframework-4.6.1;netframework-4.6.2;netframework-4.7;netframework-4.7.1;netframework-4.7.2;netframework-4.8;netframework-4.8.1;netstandard-1.0;netstandard-1.1;netstandard-1.2;netstandard-1.3;netstandard-1.4;netstandard-1.5;netstandard-1.6;netstandard-2.0;netstandard-2.1" />
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<TypeSignature Language="F#" Value="type Math = class" />
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<Base>
<BaseTypeName>System.Object</BaseTypeName>
</Base>
<Interfaces />
<Docs>
<summary>Provides constants and static methods for trigonometric, logarithmic, and other common mathematical functions.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Examples
The following example uses several mathematical and trigonometric functions from the <xref:System.Math> class to calculate the inner angles of a trapezoid.
:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/MathSample/CPP/mathsample.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Overview/mathsample.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Overview/mathsample.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/MathSample/VB/mathsample.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
</Docs>
<Members>
<MemberGroup MemberName="Abs">
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<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Docs>
<summary>Returns the absolute value of a specified number.</summary>
</Docs>
</MemberGroup>
<Member MemberName="Abs">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static decimal Abs (decimal value);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig valuetype System.Decimal Abs(valuetype System.Decimal value) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Math.Abs(System.Decimal)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function Abs (value As Decimal) As Decimal" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member Abs : decimal -> decimal" Usage="System.Math.Abs value" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 static System::Decimal Abs(System::Decimal value);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
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<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netframework-4.0;netframework-4.5;netframework-4.5.1;netframework-4.5.2">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Decimal</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Decimal" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="value">A number that is greater than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Decimal.MinValue">Decimal.MinValue</see>, but less than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Decimal.MaxValue">Decimal.MaxValue</see>.</param>
<summary>Returns the absolute value of a <see cref="T:System.Decimal" /> number.</summary>
<returns>A decimal number, x, such that 0 ≤ x ≤ <see cref="F:System.Decimal.MaxValue">Decimal.MaxValue</see>.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The absolute value of a <xref:System.Decimal> is its numeric value without its sign. For example, the absolute value of both 1.2 and -1.2 is 1.2.
## Examples
The following example uses the <xref:System.Math.Abs%28System.Decimal%29> method to get the absolute value of a number of <xref:System.Decimal> values.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Abs/Abs1.cs" interactive="try-dotnet-method" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Abs/Abs1.fs" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="Abs">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static double Abs (double value);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig float64 Abs(float64 value) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.Math.Abs(System.Double)" />
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 static double Abs(double value);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
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<Attributes>
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<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Double</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="value" Type="System.Double" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="value">A number that is greater than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Double.MinValue">Double.MinValue</see>, but less than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Double.MaxValue">Double.MaxValue</see>.</param>
<summary>Returns the absolute value of a double-precision floating-point number.</summary>
<returns>A double-precision floating-point number, x, such that 0 ≤ x ≤ <see cref="F:System.Double.MaxValue">Double.MaxValue</see>.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The absolute value of a <xref:System.Double> is its numeric value without its sign. For example, the absolute value of both 1.2e03 and -1.2e03 is 1.2e03.
If `value` is equal to <xref:System.Double.NegativeInfinity> or <xref:System.Double.PositiveInfinity>, the return value is <xref:System.Double.PositiveInfinity>. If `value` is equal to <xref:System.Double.NaN>, the return value is <xref:System.Double.NaN>.
## Examples
The following example uses the <xref:System.Math.Abs%28System.Double%29> method to get the absolute value of a number of <xref:System.Double> values.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Abs/abs2.cs" interactive="try-dotnet-method" id="Snippet2":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Abs/abs2.fs" id="Snippet2":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Math.Abs/vb/abs2.vb" id="Snippet2":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
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<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The absolute value of an <xref:System.Int16> is its numeric value without its sign. For example, the absolute value of both 123 and -123 is 123.
## Examples
The following example uses the <xref:System.Math.Abs%28System.Int16%29> method to get the absolute value of a number of <xref:System.Int16> values.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Abs/abs3.cs" interactive="try-dotnet-method" id="Snippet3":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Abs/abs3.fs" id="Snippet3":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Math.Abs/vb/abs3.vb" id="Snippet3":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
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<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The absolute value of an <xref:System.Int32> is its numeric value without its sign. For example, the absolute value of both 123 and -123 is 123.
## Examples
The following example uses the <xref:System.Math.Abs%28System.Int32%29> method to get the absolute value of a number of <xref:System.Int32> values.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Abs/abs4.cs" interactive="try-dotnet-method" id="Snippet4":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Abs/abs4.fs" id="Snippet4":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Math.Abs/vb/abs4.vb" id="Snippet4":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.OverflowException">
<paramref name="value" /> equals <see cref="F:System.Int32.MinValue">Int32.MinValue</see>.</exception>
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<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The absolute value of an <xref:System.Int64> is its numeric value without its sign. For example, the absolute value of both 123 and -123 is 123.
## Examples
The following example uses the <xref:System.Math.Abs%28System.Int64%29> method to get the absolute value of a number of <xref:System.Int64> values.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Abs/abs5.cs" interactive="try-dotnet-method" id="Snippet5":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Abs/abs5.fs" id="Snippet5":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Math.Abs/vb/abs5.vb" id="Snippet5":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.OverflowException">
<paramref name="value" /> equals <see cref="F:System.Int64.MinValue">Int64.MinValue</see>.</exception>
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<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
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<param name="value">A number that is greater than <see cref="F:System.SByte.MinValue">SByte.MinValue</see>, but less than or equal to <see cref="F:System.SByte.MaxValue">SByte.MaxValue</see>.</param>
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<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The absolute value of a signed byte is its numeric value without its sign. For example, the absolute value of both 12 and -12 is 12.
## Examples
The following example uses the <xref:System.Math.Abs%28System.SByte%29> method to get the absolute value of a number of <xref:System.SByte> values.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Abs/abs6.cs" interactive="try-dotnet-method" id="Snippet6":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Abs/abs6.fs" id="Snippet6":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Math.Abs/vb/abs6.vb" id="Snippet6":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
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<param name="value">A number that is greater than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Single.MinValue">Single.MinValue</see>, but less than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Single.MaxValue">Single.MaxValue</see>.</param>
<summary>Returns the absolute value of a single-precision floating-point number.</summary>
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<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
The absolute value of a <xref:System.Single> is its numeric value without its sign. For example, the absolute value of both 1.2e-03 and -1.2e03 is 1.2e03.
If `value` is equal to <xref:System.Single.NegativeInfinity> or <xref:System.Single.PositiveInfinity>, the return value is <xref:System.Single.PositiveInfinity>. If `value` is equal to <xref:System.Single.NaN>, the return value is <xref:System.Single.NaN>.
## Examples
The following example uses the <xref:System.Math.Abs%28System.Single%29> method to get the absolute value of a number of <xref:System.Single> values.
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Abs/abs7.cs" interactive="try-dotnet-method" id="Snippet7":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Abs/abs7.fs" id="Snippet7":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.Math.Abs/vb/abs7.vb" id="Snippet7":::
]]></format>
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<param name="d">A number representing a cosine, where <paramref name="d" /> must be greater than or equal to -1, but less than or equal to 1.</param>
<summary>Returns the angle whose cosine is the specified number.</summary>
<returns>An angle, θ, measured in radians, such that 0 ≤ θ ≤ π.
-or-
<see cref="F:System.Double.NaN" /> if <paramref name="d" /> < -1 or <paramref name="d" /> > 1 or <paramref name="d" /> equals <see cref="F:System.Double.NaN" />.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
Multiply the return value by 180/<xref:System.Math.PI?displayProperty=nameWithType> to convert from radians to degrees.
This method calls into the underlying C runtime, and the exact result or valid input range may differ between different operating systems or architectures.
## Examples
The following example uses the <xref:System.Math.Acos%2A> method to assist in the computation of the inner angles of a given trapezoid.
:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/MathSample/CPP/mathsample.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Overview/mathsample.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Overview/mathsample.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/MathSample/VB/mathsample.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
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<param name="d">A number representing a hyperbolic cosine, where <paramref name="d" /> must be greater than or equal to 1, but less than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Double.PositiveInfinity" />.</param>
<summary>Returns the angle whose hyperbolic cosine is the specified number.</summary>
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-or-
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<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
Multiply the return value by 180/<xref:System.Math.PI?displayProperty=nameWithType> to convert from radians to degrees.
This method calls into the underlying C runtime, and the exact result or valid input range may differ between different operating systems or architectures.
]]></format>
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<param name="d">A number representing a sine, where <paramref name="d" /> must be greater than or equal to -1, but less than or equal to 1.</param>
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-or-
<see cref="F:System.Double.NaN" /> if <paramref name="d" /> < -1 or <paramref name="d" /> > 1 or <paramref name="d" /> equals <see cref="F:System.Double.NaN" />.</returns>
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<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
A positive return value represents a counterclockwise angle from the x-axis; a negative return value represents a clockwise angle.
Multiply the return value by 180/<xref:System.Math.PI?displayProperty=nameWithType> to convert from radians to degrees.
This method calls into the underlying C runtime, and the exact result or valid input range may differ between different operating systems or architectures.
## Examples
The following example uses <xref:System.Math.Asin%2A> to assist in the computation of the inner angles of a given trapezoid.
:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/MathSample/CPP/mathsample.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Overview/mathsample.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Overview/mathsample.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/MathSample/VB/mathsample.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
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<Parameter Name="d" Type="System.Double" Index="0" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2;netcore-3.0;netstandard-2.1;netcore-3.1;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0" />
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<param name="d">A number representing a hyperbolic sine, where <paramref name="d" /> must be greater than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Double.NegativeInfinity" />, but less than or equal to <see cref="F:System.Double.PositiveInfinity" />.</param>
<summary>Returns the angle whose hyperbolic sine is the specified number.</summary>
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-or-
<see cref="F:System.Double.NaN" /> if <paramref name="d" /> equals <see cref="F:System.Double.NaN" />.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
Multiply the return value by 180/<xref:System.Math.PI?displayProperty=nameWithType> to convert from radians to degrees.
This method calls into the underlying C runtime, and the exact result or valid input range may differ between different operating systems or architectures.
]]></format>
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<Docs>
<param name="d">A number representing a tangent.</param>
<summary>Returns the angle whose tangent is the specified number.</summary>
<returns>An angle, θ, measured in radians, such that -π/2 ≤ θ ≤ π/2.
-or-
<see cref="F:System.Double.NaN" /> if <paramref name="d" /> equals <see cref="F:System.Double.NaN" />, -π/2 rounded to double precision (-1.5707963267949) if <paramref name="d" /> equals <see cref="F:System.Double.NegativeInfinity" />, or π/2 rounded to double precision (1.5707963267949) if <paramref name="d" /> equals <see cref="F:System.Double.PositiveInfinity" />.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
A positive return value represents a counterclockwise angle from the x-axis; a negative return value represents a clockwise angle.
Multiply the return value by 180/<xref:System.Math.PI?displayProperty=nameWithType> to convert from radians to degrees.
This method calls into the underlying C runtime, and the exact result or valid input range may differ between different operating systems or architectures.
## Examples
The following example demonstrates how to calculate the arctangent of a value and display it to the console.
:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/math.atanx/CPP/atan.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/Math/Atan/atan.cs" interactive="try-dotnet" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/Math/Atan/atan.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR/math.atanx/VB/atan.vb" id="Snippet1":::