[controls] fix memory leaks in Page & navigation (#13833)

* [controls] fix memory leaks in `Page` & navigation

Fixes: #13520
Context: https://github.com/danardelean/MauiTestFinalizer

In the above sample, you can see `Page` objects leaking while using
Shell navigation. I was able to reproduce this in a test with both
Shell & `NavigationPage` such as:

    [Fact(DisplayName = "NavigationPage Does Not Leak")]
    public async Task DoesNotLeak()
    {
        SetupBuilder();
        WeakReference pageReference = null;
        var navPage = new NavigationPage(new ContentPage { Title = "Page 1" });

        await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<WindowHandlerStub>(new Window(navPage), async (handler) =>
        {
            var page = new ContentPage { Title = "Page 2" };
            pageReference = new WeakReference(page);
            await navPage.Navigation.PushAsync(page);
            await navPage.Navigation.PopAsync();
        });

        await Task.Yield();
        GC.Collect();
        GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
        Assert.NotNull(pageReference);
        Assert.False(pageReference.IsAlive, "Page should not be alive!");
    }

To summarize:

* Customer's sample only leaks on iOS/Catalyst

* My Shell/NavigationPage tests leak on Android/iOS/Catalyst

Comparing various GC heap dumps in Visual Studio, I was able to find
the sources of these issues. I'll try to list them.

* Controls.Core
    * `Window.OnPageChanged()` should unset `_menuBarTracker.Target`
* Windows
    * `ContentViewHandler.DisconnectHandler` should unset
      `platformView.CrossPlatformMeasure` and
      `platformView.CrossPlatformArrange`.
* Android
    * `ContentViewHandler.DisconnectHandler` should unset
      `platformView.CrossPlatformMeasure` and
      `platformView.CrossPlatformArrange`.
    * `NavigationViewFragment.OnDestroy()` should unset `_currentView`
      and `_fragmentContainerView`
* iOS/Catalyst
    * `ContentViewHandler.DisconnectHandler` should unset
      `platformView.CrossPlatformMeasure` and
      `platformView.CrossPlatformArrange`.
    * `ContainerViewController`0 should call `ClearSubviews()` on its
      view in `WillMoveToParentViewController()`
    * `ParentingViewController` should forward `WillMoveToParentViewController()`
      to its child view controllers

After these changes, my tests pass! They literally would not pass
without fixing all of the above... Each issue I found while reviewing
GC dumps.

Other test changes:

* `ControlsHandlerTestBase.Windows.cs` needed some `null` checks
* `ShellTests` needed an `&& !MACCATALYST` to build for MacCatalyst
* Added tests proving we can reuse pages still.

* [ios] go back to `platformView.RemoveFromSuperview()`

src/Controls/src/Core/HandlerImpl/Window/Window.Impl.cs

@@ -616,6 +616,7 @@ void OnPageChanged(Page? oldPage, Page? newPage)
 		{
 			if (oldPage != null)
 			{
+				_menuBarTracker.Target = null;
 				InternalChildren.Remove(oldPage);
 				oldPage.HandlerChanged -= OnPageHandlerChanged;
 				oldPage.HandlerChanging -= OnPageHandlerChanging;

src/Controls/tests/DeviceTests/ControlsHandlerTestBase.Windows.cs

@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ Task SetupWindowForTests<THandler>(IWindow window, Func<Task> runTests, IMauiCon
 				}
 				finally
 				{
-					window.Handler.DisconnectHandler();
+					window.Handler?.DisconnectHandler();
 					await Task.Delay(10);
 					newWindow?.Close();
-					appStub.Handler.DisconnectHandler();
+					appStub.Handler?.DisconnectHandler();
 				}
 			});
 		}

src/Controls/tests/DeviceTests/Elements/NavigationPage/NavigationPageTests.cs

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ void SetupBuilder()
 					handlers.AddHandler<Page, PageHandler>();
 					handlers.AddHandler<Window, WindowHandlerStub>();
 					handlers.AddHandler<Frame, FrameRenderer>();
+					handlers.AddHandler<Label, LabelHandler>();
 				});
 			});
 		}
@@ -287,5 +288,47 @@ TabbedPage CreateTabbedPage(string title) => new TabbedPage()
 				};
 			});
 		}
+
+		[Fact(DisplayName = "NavigationPage Does Not Leak")]
+		public async Task DoesNotLeak()
+		{
+			SetupBuilder();
+			WeakReference pageReference = null;
+			var navPage = new NavigationPage(new ContentPage { Title = "Page 1" });
+
+			await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<WindowHandlerStub>(new Window(navPage), async (handler) =>
+			{
+				var page = new ContentPage { Title = "Page 2" };
+				pageReference = new WeakReference(page);
+				await navPage.Navigation.PushAsync(page);
+				await navPage.Navigation.PopAsync();
+			});
+
+			await Task.Yield();
+			GC.Collect();
+			GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
+
+			Assert.NotNull(pageReference);
+			Assert.False(pageReference.IsAlive, "Page should not be alive!");
+		}
+
+		[Fact(DisplayName = "Can Reuse Pages")]
+		public async Task CanReusePages()
+		{
+			SetupBuilder();
+			var navPage = new NavigationPage(new ContentPage { Title = "Page 1" });
+			var reusedPage = new ContentPage
+			{
+				Content = new Label()
+			};
+
+			await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<WindowHandlerStub>(new Window(navPage), async (handler) =>
+			{
+				await navPage.Navigation.PushAsync(reusedPage);
+				await navPage.Navigation.PopAsync();
+				await navPage.Navigation.PushAsync(reusedPage);
+				await OnLoadedAsync(reusedPage.Content);
+			});
+		}
 	}
 }

src/Controls/tests/DeviceTests/Elements/Shell/ShellTests.cs

@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ public async Task NavigatedFiresAfterSwitchingFlyoutItems()
 			});
 		}
 
-#if !IOS
+#if !IOS && !MACCATALYST
 		[Fact]
 		public async Task ChangingToNewMauiContextDoesntCrash()
 		{
@@ -917,6 +917,62 @@ public async Task TitleViewMeasures()
 		}
 #endif
 
+		[Fact(DisplayName = "Pages Do Not Leak")]
+		public async Task PagesDoNotLeak()
+		{
+			SetupBuilder();
+			var shell = await CreateShellAsync(shell =>
+			{
+				shell.CurrentItem = new ContentPage() { Title = "Page 1" };
+			});
+
+			WeakReference pageReference = null;
+
+			await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<ShellHandler>(shell, async (handler) =>
+			{
+				await OnLoadedAsync(shell.CurrentPage);
+
+				var page = new ContentPage { Title = "Page 2" };
+				pageReference = new WeakReference(page);
+
+				await shell.Navigation.PushAsync(page);
+				await shell.Navigation.PopAsync();
+			});
+
+			// 3 GCs were required in Android API 23, 2 worked otherwise
+			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+			{
+				await Task.Yield();
+				GC.Collect();
+				GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
+			}
+
+			Assert.NotNull(pageReference);
+			Assert.False(pageReference.IsAlive, "Page should not be alive!");
+		}
+
+		[Fact(DisplayName = "Can Reuse Pages")]
+		public async Task CanReusePages()
+		{
+			SetupBuilder();
+			var rootPage = new ContentPage();
+			var shell = await CreateShellAsync(shell =>
+			{
+				shell.CurrentItem = rootPage;
+			});
+			var reusedPage = new ContentPage
+			{
+				Content = new Label { Text = "HEY" }
+			};
+			await CreateHandlerAndAddToWindow<IWindowHandler>(shell, async (handler) =>
+			{
+				await shell.Navigation.PushAsync(reusedPage);
+				await shell.Navigation.PopAsync();
+				await shell.Navigation.PushAsync(reusedPage);
+				await OnLoadedAsync(reusedPage.Content);
+			});
+		}
+
 		protected Task<Shell> CreateShellAsync(Action<Shell> action) =>
 			InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(() =>
 			{

src/Core/src/Handlers/ContentView/ContentViewHandler.Android.cs

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ public static void MapContent(IContentViewHandler handler, IContentView page)
 		protected override void DisconnectHandler(ContentViewGroup platformView)
 		{
 			// If we're being disconnected from the xplat element, then we should no longer be managing its children
+			platformView.CrossPlatformMeasure = null;
+			platformView.CrossPlatformArrange = null;
 			platformView.RemoveAllViews();
 			base.DisconnectHandler(platformView);
 		}

src/Core/src/Handlers/ContentView/ContentViewHandler.Windows.cs

@@ -49,5 +49,12 @@ public static void MapContent(IContentViewHandler handler, IContentView page)
 		{
 			UpdateContent(handler);
 		}
+
+		protected override void DisconnectHandler(ContentPanel platformView)
+		{
+			platformView.CrossPlatformMeasure = null;
+			platformView.CrossPlatformArrange = null;
+			base.DisconnectHandler(platformView);
+		}
 	}
 }

src/Core/src/Handlers/ContentView/ContentViewHandler.iOS.cs

@@ -53,5 +53,13 @@ public static void MapContent(IContentViewHandler handler, IContentView page)
 		{
 			UpdateContent(handler);
 		}
+
+		protected override void DisconnectHandler(ContentView platformView)
+		{
+			platformView.CrossPlatformMeasure = null;
+			platformView.CrossPlatformArrange = null;
+			platformView.RemoveFromSuperview();
+			base.DisconnectHandler(platformView);
+		}
 	}
 }

src/Core/src/Platform/Android/Navigation/NavigationViewFragment.cs

@@ -78,6 +78,14 @@ public override void OnResume()
 			base.OnResume();
 		}
 
+		public override void OnDestroy()
+		{
+			_currentView = null;
+			_fragmentContainerView = null;
+
+			base.OnDestroy();
+		}
+
 		public override Animation OnCreateAnimation(int transit, bool enter, int nextAnim)
 		{
 			int id = 0;

src/Core/src/PublicAPI/net-android/PublicAPI.Unshipped.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.RadioButtonHandler.PlatformArrange(Microsoft.Ma
 override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.ShapeViewHandler.GetDesiredSize(double widthConstraint, double heightConstraint) -> Microsoft.Maui.Graphics.Size
 override Microsoft.Maui.Layouts.FlexBasis.Equals(object? obj) -> bool
 override Microsoft.Maui.Layouts.FlexBasis.GetHashCode() -> int
+override Microsoft.Maui.Platform.NavigationViewFragment.OnDestroy() -> void
 override Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest.Equals(object? obj) -> bool
 override Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest.GetHashCode() -> int
 static Microsoft.Maui.FontSize.operator !=(Microsoft.Maui.FontSize left, Microsoft.Maui.FontSize right) -> bool

src/Core/src/PublicAPI/net-ios/PublicAPI.Unshipped.txt

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Microsoft.Maui.LifecycleEvents.iOSLifecycle.PerformFetch
 Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest.Equals(Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest other) -> bool
 Microsoft.Maui.Platform.MauiScrollView
 Microsoft.Maui.Platform.MauiScrollView.MauiScrollView() -> void
+override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.ContentViewHandler.DisconnectHandler(Microsoft.Maui.Platform.ContentView! platformView) -> void
 override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.SwipeItemButton.Frame.get -> CoreGraphics.CGRect
 override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.SwipeItemButton.Frame.set -> void
 override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.SwipeItemMenuItemHandler.ConnectHandler(UIKit.UIButton! platformView) -> void

src/Core/src/PublicAPI/net-maccatalyst/PublicAPI.Unshipped.txt

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Microsoft.Maui.Layouts.FlexBasis.Equals(Microsoft.Maui.Layouts.FlexBasis other)
 Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest.Equals(Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest other) -> bool
 Microsoft.Maui.Platform.MauiScrollView
 Microsoft.Maui.Platform.MauiScrollView.MauiScrollView() -> void
+override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.ContentViewHandler.DisconnectHandler(Microsoft.Maui.Platform.ContentView! platformView) -> void
 override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.SwipeItemButton.Frame.get -> CoreGraphics.CGRect
 override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.SwipeItemButton.Frame.set -> void
 override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.SwipeItemMenuItemHandler.ConnectHandler(UIKit.UIButton! platformView) -> void

src/Core/src/PublicAPI/net-windows/PublicAPI.Unshipped.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Microsoft.Maui.Hosting.MauiApp.DisposeAsync() -> System.Threading.Tasks.ValueTas
 Microsoft.Maui.Layouts.FlexBasis.Equals(Microsoft.Maui.Layouts.FlexBasis other) -> bool
 Microsoft.Maui.Platform.MauiWebView.MauiWebView(Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.WebViewHandler! handler) -> void
 Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest.Equals(Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest other) -> bool
+override Microsoft.Maui.Handlers.ContentViewHandler.DisconnectHandler(Microsoft.Maui.Platform.ContentPanel! platformView) -> void
 override Microsoft.Maui.Layouts.FlexBasis.Equals(object? obj) -> bool
 override Microsoft.Maui.Layouts.FlexBasis.GetHashCode() -> int
 override Microsoft.Maui.SizeRequest.Equals(object? obj) -> bool