XmlDocument.cs

// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Schema;
using System.Xml.XPath;
using System.Security;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Runtime.Versioning;

namespace System.Xml
{
    // Represents an entire document. An XmlDocument contains XML data.
    public class XmlDocument : XmlNode
    {
        private const string DocumentName = "#document";
        private const string DocumentFragmentName = "#document-fragment";
        private const string CommentName = "#comment";
        private const string TextName = "#text";
        private const string CDataSectionName = "#cdata-section";
        private const string EntityName = "#entity";
        private const string ID = "id";
        private const string Xmlns = "xmlns";
        private const string Xml = "xml";
        private const string Space = "space";
        private const string Lang = "lang";
        private const string NonSignificantWhitespaceName = "#whitespace";
        private const string SignificantWhitespaceName = "#significant-whitespace";

        // The seed index below requires that the constant strings above and the seed array below are
        // kept in the same order.
        private const int DocumentNameSeedIndex = 0;
        private const int DocumentFragmentNameSeedIndex = 1;
        private const int CommentNameSeedIndex = 2;
        private const int TextNameSeedIndex = 3;
        private const int CDataSectionNameSeedIndex = 4;
        private const int EntityNameSeedIndex = 5;
        private const int IDSeedIndex = 6;
        private const int XmlnsSeedIndex = 7;
        private const int XmlSeedIndex = 8;
        private const int SpaceSeedIndex = 9;
        private const int LangSeedIndex = 10;
        private const int NonSignificantWhitespaceNameSeedIndex = 11;
        private const int SignificantWhitespaceNameSeedIndex = 12;
        private const int NsXmlNsSeedIndex = 13;
        private const int NsXmlSeedIndex = 14;

        // If changing the array below ensure that the seed indexes before match
        private static readonly (string key, int hash)[] s_nameTableSeeds = new[]
            {
                (DocumentName, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(DocumentName)),
                (DocumentFragmentName, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(DocumentFragmentName)),
                (CommentName, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(CommentName)),
                (TextName, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(TextName)),
                (CDataSectionName, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(CDataSectionName)),
                (EntityName, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(EntityName)),
                (ID, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(ID)),
                (Xmlns, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(Xmlns)),
                (Xml, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(Xml)),
                (Space, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(Space)),
                (Lang, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(Lang)),
                (NonSignificantWhitespaceName, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(NonSignificantWhitespaceName)),
                (SignificantWhitespaceName, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(SignificantWhitespaceName)),
                (XmlReservedNs.NsXmlNs, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(XmlReservedNs.NsXmlNs)),
                (XmlReservedNs.NsXml, System.Xml.NameTable.ComputeHash32(XmlReservedNs.NsXml))
            };

        private readonly XmlImplementation _implementation;
        private readonly DomNameTable _domNameTable; // hash table of XmlName
        private XmlLinkedNode? _lastChild;
        private XmlNamedNodeMap? _entities;
        private Hashtable? _htElementIdMap;
        private Hashtable? _htElementIDAttrDecl; //key: id; object: the ArrayList of the elements that have the same id (connected or disconnected)
        private SchemaInfo? _schemaInfo;
        private XmlSchemaSet? _schemas; // schemas associated with the cache
        private bool _reportValidity;
        //This variable represents the actual loading status. Since, IsLoading will
        //be manipulated sometimes for adding content to EntityReference this variable
        //has been added which would always represent the loading status of document.
        private bool _actualLoadingStatus;

        private XmlNodeChangedEventHandler? _onNodeInsertingDelegate;
        private XmlNodeChangedEventHandler? _onNodeInsertedDelegate;
        private XmlNodeChangedEventHandler? _onNodeRemovingDelegate;
        private XmlNodeChangedEventHandler? _onNodeRemovedDelegate;
        private XmlNodeChangedEventHandler? _onNodeChangingDelegate;
        private XmlNodeChangedEventHandler? _onNodeChangedDelegate;

        // false if there are no ent-ref present, true if ent-ref nodes are or were present (i.e. if all ent-ref were removed, the doc will not clear this flag)
        internal bool fEntRefNodesPresent;
        internal bool fCDataNodesPresent;

        private bool _preserveWhitespace;
        private bool _isLoading;

        // special name strings for
        internal string strDocumentName;
        internal string strDocumentFragmentName;
        internal string strCommentName;
        internal string strTextName;
        internal string strCDataSectionName;
        internal string strEntityName;
        internal string strID;
        internal string strXmlns;
        internal string strXml;
        internal string strSpace;
        internal string strLang;

        internal string strNonSignificantWhitespaceName;
        internal string strSignificantWhitespaceName;
        internal string strReservedXmlns;
        internal string strReservedXml;

        internal string baseURI;

        private XmlResolver? _resolver;
        internal bool bSetResolver;
        internal object objLock;

        private XmlAttribute? _namespaceXml;

        internal static EmptyEnumerator EmptyEnumerator = new EmptyEnumerator();
        internal static IXmlSchemaInfo NotKnownSchemaInfo = new XmlSchemaInfo(XmlSchemaValidity.NotKnown);
        internal static IXmlSchemaInfo ValidSchemaInfo = new XmlSchemaInfo(XmlSchemaValidity.Valid);
        internal static IXmlSchemaInfo InvalidSchemaInfo = new XmlSchemaInfo(XmlSchemaValidity.Invalid);

        // Initializes a new instance of the XmlDocument class.
        public XmlDocument() : this(new XmlImplementation())
        {
        }

        // Initializes a new instance
        // of the XmlDocument class with the specified XmlNameTable.
        public XmlDocument(XmlNameTable nt) : this(new XmlImplementation(nt))
        {
        }

        protected internal XmlDocument(XmlImplementation imp) : base()
        {
            _implementation = imp;
            _domNameTable = new DomNameTable(this);

            strXmlns = Xmlns;
            strXml = Xml;
            strReservedXmlns = XmlReservedNs.NsXmlNs;
            strReservedXml = XmlReservedNs.NsXml;
            baseURI = string.Empty;
            objLock = new object();

            if (imp.NameTable.GetType() == typeof(NameTable))
            {
                // When the name table being used is of type NameTable avoid re-calculating the hash codes.
                NameTable nt = (NameTable)imp.NameTable;

                strDocumentName = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[DocumentNameSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[DocumentNameSeedIndex].hash);
                strDocumentFragmentName = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[DocumentFragmentNameSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[DocumentFragmentNameSeedIndex].hash);
                strCommentName = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[CommentNameSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[CommentNameSeedIndex].hash);
                strTextName = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[TextNameSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[TextNameSeedIndex].hash);
                strCDataSectionName = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[CDataSectionNameSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[CDataSectionNameSeedIndex].hash);
                strEntityName = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[EntityNameSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[EntityNameSeedIndex].hash);
                strID = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[IDSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[IDSeedIndex].hash);
                strNonSignificantWhitespaceName = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[NonSignificantWhitespaceNameSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[NonSignificantWhitespaceNameSeedIndex].hash);
                strSignificantWhitespaceName = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[SignificantWhitespaceNameSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[SignificantWhitespaceNameSeedIndex].hash);
                strXmlns = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[XmlnsSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[XmlnsSeedIndex].hash);
                strXml = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[XmlSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[XmlSeedIndex].hash);
                strSpace = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[SpaceSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[SpaceSeedIndex].hash);
                strLang = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[LangSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[LangSeedIndex].hash);
                strReservedXmlns = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[NsXmlNsSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[NsXmlNsSeedIndex].hash);
                strReservedXml = nt.GetOrAddEntry(s_nameTableSeeds[NsXmlSeedIndex].key, s_nameTableSeeds[NsXmlSeedIndex].hash);
            }
            else
            {
                XmlNameTable customNameTable = imp.NameTable;
                strDocumentName = customNameTable.Add(DocumentName);
                strDocumentFragmentName = customNameTable.Add(DocumentFragmentName);
                strCommentName = customNameTable.Add(CommentName);
                strTextName = customNameTable.Add(TextName);
                strCDataSectionName = customNameTable.Add(CDataSectionName);
                strEntityName = customNameTable.Add(EntityName);
                strID = customNameTable.Add(ID);
                strNonSignificantWhitespaceName = customNameTable.Add(NonSignificantWhitespaceName);
                strSignificantWhitespaceName = customNameTable.Add(SignificantWhitespaceName);
                strXmlns = customNameTable.Add(Xmlns);
                strXml = customNameTable.Add(Xml);
                strSpace = customNameTable.Add(Space);
                strLang = customNameTable.Add(Lang);
                strReservedXmlns = customNameTable.Add(XmlReservedNs.NsXmlNs);
                strReservedXml = customNameTable.Add(XmlReservedNs.NsXml);
            }
        }

        internal SchemaInfo? DtdSchemaInfo
        {
            get { return _schemaInfo; }
            set { _schemaInfo = value; }
        }

        // NOTE: This does not correctly check start name char, but we cannot change it since it would be a breaking change.
        internal static void CheckName(string name)
        {
            int endPos = ValidateNames.ParseNmtoken(name, 0);
            if (endPos < name.Length)
            {
                throw new XmlException(SR.Xml_BadNameChar, XmlException.BuildCharExceptionArgs(name, endPos));
            }
        }

        internal XmlName AddXmlName(string? prefix, string localName, string? namespaceURI, IXmlSchemaInfo? schemaInfo)
        {
            XmlName n = _domNameTable.AddName(prefix, localName, namespaceURI, schemaInfo);
            Debug.Assert((prefix == null) ? (n.Prefix.Length == 0) : (prefix == n.Prefix));
            Debug.Assert(n.LocalName == localName);
            Debug.Assert((namespaceURI == null) ? (n.NamespaceURI.Length == 0) : (n.NamespaceURI == namespaceURI));
            return n;
        }

        internal XmlName? GetXmlName(string? prefix, string localName, string? namespaceURI, IXmlSchemaInfo? schemaInfo)
        {
            XmlName? n = _domNameTable.GetName(prefix, localName, namespaceURI, schemaInfo);
            Debug.Assert(n == null || ((prefix == null) ? (n.Prefix.Length == 0) : (prefix == n.Prefix)));
            Debug.Assert(n == null || n.LocalName == localName);
            Debug.Assert(n == null || ((namespaceURI == null) ? (n.NamespaceURI.Length == 0) : (n.NamespaceURI == namespaceURI)));
            return n;
        }

        internal XmlName AddAttrXmlName(string? prefix, string localName, string? namespaceURI, IXmlSchemaInfo? schemaInfo)
        {
            XmlName xmlName = AddXmlName(prefix, localName, namespaceURI, schemaInfo);
            Debug.Assert((prefix == null) ? (xmlName.Prefix.Length == 0) : (prefix == xmlName.Prefix));
            Debug.Assert(xmlName.LocalName == localName);
            Debug.Assert((namespaceURI == null) ? (xmlName.NamespaceURI.Length == 0) : (xmlName.NamespaceURI == namespaceURI));

            if (!this.IsLoading)
            {
                // Use atomized versions instead of prefix, localName and nsURI
                object oPrefix = xmlName.Prefix;
                object oNamespaceURI = xmlName.NamespaceURI;
                object oLocalName = xmlName.LocalName;
                if ((oPrefix == (object)strXmlns || (xmlName.Prefix.Length == 0 && oLocalName == (object)strXmlns)) ^ (oNamespaceURI == (object)strReservedXmlns))
                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Xdom_Attr_Reserved_XmlNS, namespaceURI));
            }
            return xmlName;
        }

        internal bool AddIdInfo(XmlName eleName, XmlName attrName)
        {
            //when XmlLoader call XmlDocument.AddInfo, the element.XmlName and attr.XmlName
            //have already been replaced with the ones that don't have namespace values (or just
            //string.Empty) because in DTD, the namespace is not supported
            if (_htElementIDAttrDecl == null || _htElementIDAttrDecl[eleName] == null)
            {
                _htElementIDAttrDecl ??= new Hashtable();
                _htElementIDAttrDecl.Add(eleName, attrName);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        private XmlName? GetIDInfoByElement_(XmlName eleName)
        {
            //When XmlDocument is getting the IDAttribute for a given element,
            //we need only compare the prefix and localname of element.XmlName with
            //the registered htElementIDAttrDecl.
            XmlName? newName = GetXmlName(eleName.Prefix, eleName.LocalName, string.Empty, null);
            if (newName != null)
            {
                return (XmlName?)(_htElementIDAttrDecl![newName]);
            }
            return null;
        }

        internal XmlName? GetIDInfoByElement(XmlName eleName)
        {
            if (_htElementIDAttrDecl == null)
                return null;
            else
                return GetIDInfoByElement_(eleName);
        }

        private static WeakReference<XmlElement>? GetElement(ArrayList elementList, XmlElement elem)
        {
            ArrayList gcElemRefs = new ArrayList();
            foreach (WeakReference<XmlElement> elemRef in elementList)
            {
                if (!elemRef.TryGetTarget(out XmlElement? target))
                {
                    //take notes on the garbage collected nodes
                    gcElemRefs.Add(elemRef);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (target == elem)
                        return elemRef;
                }
            }

            //Clear out the gced elements
            foreach (WeakReference<XmlElement> elemRef in gcElemRefs)
                elementList.Remove(elemRef);

            return null;
        }

        internal void AddElementWithId(string id, XmlElement elem)
        {
            if (_htElementIdMap == null || !_htElementIdMap.Contains(id))
            {
                _htElementIdMap ??= new Hashtable();
                ArrayList elementList = new ArrayList();
                elementList.Add(new WeakReference<XmlElement>(elem));
                _htElementIdMap.Add(id, elementList);
            }
            else
            {
                // there are other element(s) that has the same id
                ArrayList elementList = (ArrayList)(_htElementIdMap[id]!);
                if (GetElement(elementList, elem) == null)
                    elementList.Add(new WeakReference<XmlElement>(elem));
            }
        }

        internal void RemoveElementWithId(string id, XmlElement elem)
        {
            if (_htElementIdMap != null && _htElementIdMap.Contains(id))
            {
                ArrayList elementList = (ArrayList)(_htElementIdMap[id]!);
                WeakReference<XmlElement>? elemRef = GetElement(elementList, elem);
                if (elemRef != null)
                {
                    elementList.Remove(elemRef);
                    if (elementList.Count == 0)
                        _htElementIdMap.Remove(id);
                }
            }
        }


        // Creates a duplicate of this node.
        public override XmlNode CloneNode(bool deep)
        {
            XmlDocument clone = Implementation.CreateDocument();
            clone.SetBaseURI(this.baseURI);
            if (deep)
                clone.ImportChildren(this, clone, deep);

            return clone;
        }

        // Gets the type of the current node.
        public override XmlNodeType NodeType
        {
            get { return XmlNodeType.Document; }
        }

        public override XmlNode? ParentNode
        {
            get { return null; }
        }

        // Gets the node for the DOCTYPE declaration.
        public virtual XmlDocumentType? DocumentType
        {
            get { return (XmlDocumentType?)FindChild(XmlNodeType.DocumentType); }
        }

        internal virtual XmlDeclaration? Declaration
        {
            get
            {
                if (HasChildNodes)
                {
                    XmlDeclaration? dec = FirstChild as XmlDeclaration;
                    return dec;
                }
                return null;
            }
        }

        // Gets the XmlImplementation object for this document.
        public XmlImplementation Implementation
        {
            get { return _implementation; }
        }

        // Gets the name of the node.
        public override string Name
        {
            get { return strDocumentName; }
        }

        // Gets the name of the current node without the namespace prefix.
        public override string LocalName
        {
            get { return strDocumentName; }
        }

        // Gets the root XmlElement for the document.
        public XmlElement? DocumentElement
        {
            get { return (XmlElement?)FindChild(XmlNodeType.Element); }
        }

        internal override bool IsContainer
        {
            get { return true; }
        }

        internal override XmlLinkedNode? LastNode
        {
            get { return _lastChild; }
            set { _lastChild = value; }
        }

        // Gets the XmlDocument that contains this node.
        public override XmlDocument? OwnerDocument
        {
            get { return null; }
        }

        public XmlSchemaSet Schemas
        {
            get => _schemas ??= new XmlSchemaSet(NameTable);
            set => _schemas = value;
        }

        internal bool CanReportValidity
        {
            get { return _reportValidity; }
        }

        internal bool HasSetResolver
        {
            get { return bSetResolver; }
        }

        internal XmlResolver? GetResolver()
        {
            return _resolver;
        }

        public virtual XmlResolver? XmlResolver
        {
            set
            {
                _resolver = value;
                if (!bSetResolver)
                    bSetResolver = true;

                XmlDocumentType? dtd = this.DocumentType;
                if (dtd != null)
                {
                    dtd.DtdSchemaInfo = null;
                }
            }
        }
        internal override bool IsValidChildType(XmlNodeType type)
        {
            switch (type)
            {
                case XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction:
                case XmlNodeType.Comment:
                case XmlNodeType.Whitespace:
                case XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace:
                    return true;

                case XmlNodeType.DocumentType:
                    if (DocumentType != null)
                        throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Xdom_DualDocumentTypeNode);
                    return true;

                case XmlNodeType.Element:
                    if (DocumentElement != null)
                        throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Xdom_DualDocumentElementNode);
                    return true;

                case XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration:
                    if (Declaration != null)
                        throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Xdom_DualDeclarationNode);
                    return true;

                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }
        // the function examines all the siblings before the refNode
        //  if any of the nodes has type equals to "nt", return true; otherwise, return false;
        private static bool HasNodeTypeInPrevSiblings(XmlNodeType nt, XmlNode? refNode)
        {
            if (refNode == null)
                return false;

            XmlNode? node = null;
            if (refNode.ParentNode != null)
                node = refNode.ParentNode.FirstChild;
            while (node != null)
            {
                if (node.NodeType == nt)
                    return true;
                if (node == refNode)
                    break;
                node = node.NextSibling;
            }
            return false;
        }

        // the function examines all the siblings after the refNode
        //  if any of the nodes has the type equals to "nt", return true; otherwise, return false;
        private static bool HasNodeTypeInNextSiblings(XmlNodeType nt, XmlNode? refNode)
        {
            XmlNode? node = refNode;
            while (node != null)
            {
                if (node.NodeType == nt)
                    return true;
                node = node.NextSibling;
            }
            return false;
        }

        internal override bool CanInsertBefore(XmlNode newChild, XmlNode? refChild)
        {
            refChild ??= FirstChild;

            if (refChild == null)
                return true;

            switch (newChild.NodeType)
            {
                case XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration:
                    return (refChild == FirstChild);

                case XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction:
                case XmlNodeType.Comment:
                    return refChild.NodeType != XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration;

                case XmlNodeType.DocumentType:
                    {
                        if (refChild.NodeType != XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration)
                        {
                            //if refChild is not the XmlDeclaration node, only need to go through the sibling before and including refChild to
                            //  make sure no Element ( rootElem node ) before the current position
                            return !HasNodeTypeInPrevSiblings(XmlNodeType.Element, refChild.PreviousSibling);
                        }
                    }
                    break;

                case XmlNodeType.Element:
                    {
                        if (refChild.NodeType != XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration)
                        {
                            //if refChild is not the XmlDeclaration node, only need to go through the siblings after and including the refChild to
                            //  make sure no DocType node and XmlDeclaration node after the current position.
                            return !HasNodeTypeInNextSiblings(XmlNodeType.DocumentType, refChild);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
            }

            return false;
        }

        internal override bool CanInsertAfter(XmlNode newChild, XmlNode? refChild)
        {
            refChild ??= LastChild;

            if (refChild == null)
                return true;

            switch (newChild.NodeType)
            {
                case XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction:
                case XmlNodeType.Comment:
                case XmlNodeType.Whitespace:
                case XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace:
                    return true;

                case XmlNodeType.DocumentType:
                    {
                        //we will have to go through all the siblings before the refChild just to make sure no Element node ( rootElem )
                        //  before the current position
                        return !HasNodeTypeInPrevSiblings(XmlNodeType.Element, refChild);
                    }

                case XmlNodeType.Element:
                    {
                        return !HasNodeTypeInNextSiblings(XmlNodeType.DocumentType, refChild.NextSibling);
                    }
            }

            return false;
        }

        // Creates an XmlAttribute with the specified name.
        public XmlAttribute CreateAttribute(string name)
        {
            string prefix;
            string localName;
            string namespaceURI = string.Empty;

            SplitName(name, out prefix, out localName);

            SetDefaultNamespace(prefix, localName, ref namespaceURI);

            return CreateAttribute(prefix, localName, namespaceURI);
        }

        internal void SetDefaultNamespace(string prefix, string localName, ref string namespaceURI)
        {
            if (prefix == strXmlns || (prefix.Length == 0 && localName == strXmlns))
            {
                namespaceURI = strReservedXmlns;
            }
            else if (prefix == strXml)
            {
                namespaceURI = strReservedXml;
            }
        }

        // Creates a XmlCDataSection containing the specified data.
        public virtual XmlCDataSection CreateCDataSection(string? data)
        {
            fCDataNodesPresent = true;
            return new XmlCDataSection(data, this);
        }

        // Creates an XmlComment containing the specified data.
        public virtual XmlComment CreateComment(string? data)
        {
            return new XmlComment(data, this);
        }

        // Returns a new XmlDocumentType object.
        public virtual XmlDocumentType CreateDocumentType(string name, string? publicId, string? systemId, string? internalSubset)
        {
            return new XmlDocumentType(name, publicId, systemId, internalSubset, this);
        }

        // Creates an XmlDocumentFragment.
        public virtual XmlDocumentFragment CreateDocumentFragment()
        {
            return new XmlDocumentFragment(this);
        }

        // Creates an element with the specified name.
        public XmlElement CreateElement(string name)
        {
            string prefix;
            string localName;
            SplitName(name, out prefix, out localName);
            return CreateElement(prefix, localName, string.Empty);
        }


        internal void AddDefaultAttributes(XmlElement elem)
        {
            SchemaInfo? schInfo = DtdSchemaInfo;
            SchemaElementDecl? ed = GetSchemaElementDecl(elem);
            if (ed != null && ed.AttDefs != null)
            {
                foreach (KeyValuePair<XmlQualifiedName, SchemaAttDef> attrDefs in ed.AttDefs)
                {
                    SchemaAttDef attdef = attrDefs.Value;
                    if (attdef.Presence == SchemaDeclBase.Use.Default ||
                         attdef.Presence == SchemaDeclBase.Use.Fixed)
                    {
                        //build a default attribute and return
                        string attrPrefix;
                        string attrLocalname = attdef.Name.Name;
                        string attrNamespaceURI = string.Empty;
                        if (schInfo!.SchemaType == SchemaType.DTD)
                        {
                            attrPrefix = attdef.Name.Namespace;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            attrPrefix = attdef.Prefix;
                            attrNamespaceURI = attdef.Name.Namespace;
                        }
                        XmlAttribute defattr = PrepareDefaultAttribute(attdef, attrPrefix, attrLocalname, attrNamespaceURI);
                        elem.SetAttributeNode(defattr);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private SchemaElementDecl? GetSchemaElementDecl(XmlElement elem)
        {
            SchemaInfo? schInfo = DtdSchemaInfo;
            if (schInfo != null)
            {
                //build XmlQualifiedName used to identify the element schema declaration
                XmlQualifiedName qname = new XmlQualifiedName(elem.LocalName, schInfo.SchemaType == SchemaType.DTD ? elem.Prefix : elem.NamespaceURI);
                //get the schema info for the element
                SchemaElementDecl? elemDecl;
                if (schInfo.ElementDecls.TryGetValue(qname, out elemDecl))
                {
                    return elemDecl;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        //Will be used by AddDeafulatAttributes() and GetDefaultAttribute() methods
        private XmlAttribute PrepareDefaultAttribute(SchemaAttDef attdef, string attrPrefix, string attrLocalname, string attrNamespaceURI)
        {
            SetDefaultNamespace(attrPrefix, attrLocalname, ref attrNamespaceURI);
            XmlAttribute defattr = CreateDefaultAttribute(attrPrefix, attrLocalname, attrNamespaceURI);
            //parsing the default value for the default attribute
            defattr.InnerXml = attdef.DefaultValueRaw;
            //during the expansion of the tree, the flag could be set to true, we need to set it back.
            XmlUnspecifiedAttribute? unspAttr = defattr as XmlUnspecifiedAttribute;
            unspAttr?.SetSpecified(false);
            return defattr;
        }

        // Creates an XmlEntityReference with the specified name.
        public virtual XmlEntityReference CreateEntityReference(string name)
        {
            return new XmlEntityReference(name, this);
        }

        // Creates a XmlProcessingInstruction with the specified name
        // and data strings.
        public virtual XmlProcessingInstruction CreateProcessingInstruction(string target, string? data)
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(target);
            return new XmlProcessingInstruction(target, data, this);
        }

        // Creates a XmlDeclaration node with the specified values.
        public virtual XmlDeclaration CreateXmlDeclaration(string version, string? encoding, string? standalone)
        {
            return new XmlDeclaration(version, encoding, standalone, this);
        }

        // Creates an XmlText with the specified text.
        public virtual XmlText CreateTextNode(string? text)
        {
            return new XmlText(text, this);
        }

        // Creates a XmlSignificantWhitespace node.
        public virtual XmlSignificantWhitespace CreateSignificantWhitespace(string? text)
        {
            return new XmlSignificantWhitespace(text, this);
        }

        public override XPathNavigator? CreateNavigator()
        {
            return CreateNavigator(this);
        }

        protected internal virtual XPathNavigator? CreateNavigator(XmlNode node)
        {
            XmlNodeType nodeType = node.NodeType;
            XmlNode? parent;
            XmlNodeType parentType;

            switch (nodeType)
            {
                case XmlNodeType.EntityReference:
                case XmlNodeType.Entity:
                case XmlNodeType.DocumentType:
                case XmlNodeType.Notation:
                case XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration:
                    return null;
                case XmlNodeType.Text:
                case XmlNodeType.CDATA:
                case XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace:
                    parent = node.ParentNode;
                    if (parent != null)
                    {
                        do
                        {
                            parentType = parent.NodeType;
                            if (parentType == XmlNodeType.Attribute)
                            {
                                return null;
                            }
                            else if (parentType == XmlNodeType.EntityReference)
                            {
                                parent = parent.ParentNode;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        while (parent != null);
                    }
                    node = NormalizeText(node)!;
                    break;
                case XmlNodeType.Whitespace:
                    parent = node.ParentNode;
                    if (parent != null)
                    {
                        do
                        {
                            parentType = parent.NodeType;
                            if (parentType == XmlNodeType.Document
                                || parentType == XmlNodeType.Attribute)
                            {
                                return null;
                            }
                            else if (parentType == XmlNodeType.EntityReference)
                            {
                                parent = parent.ParentNode;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        while (parent != null);
                    }
                    node = NormalizeText(node)!;
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
            return new DocumentXPathNavigator(this, node);
        }

        internal static bool IsTextNode(XmlNodeType nt)
        {
            switch (nt)
            {
                case XmlNodeType.Text:
                case XmlNodeType.CDATA:
                case XmlNodeType.Whitespace:
                case XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace:
                    return true;
                default:
                    return false;
            }
        }

        private static XmlNode? NormalizeText(XmlNode node)
        {
            XmlNode? retnode = null;
            XmlNode? n = node;

            while (IsTextNode(n.NodeType))
            {
                retnode = n;
                n = n.PreviousSibling;

                if (n == null)
                {
                    XmlNode intnode = retnode;
                    while (true)
                    {
                        if (intnode.ParentNode != null && intnode.ParentNode.NodeType == XmlNodeType.EntityReference)
                        {
                            if (intnode.ParentNode.PreviousSibling != null)
                            {
                                n = intnode.ParentNode.PreviousSibling;
                                break;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                intnode = intnode.ParentNode;
                                if (intnode == null)
                                    break;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                }

                if (n == null)
                    break;

                while (n.NodeType == XmlNodeType.EntityReference)
                {
                    n = n.LastChild!;
                }
            }

            return retnode;
        }

        // Creates a XmlWhitespace node.
        public virtual XmlWhitespace CreateWhitespace(string? text)
        {
            return new XmlWhitespace(text, this);
        }

        // Returns an XmlNodeList containing
        // a list of all descendant elements that match the specified name.
        public virtual XmlNodeList GetElementsByTagName(string name)
        {
            return new XmlElementList(this, name);
        }

        // DOM Level 2

        // Creates an XmlAttribute with the specified LocalName
        // and NamespaceURI.
        public XmlAttribute CreateAttribute(string qualifiedName, string? namespaceURI)
        {
            string prefix;
            string localName;

            SplitName(qualifiedName, out prefix, out localName);
            return CreateAttribute(prefix, localName, namespaceURI);
        }

        // Creates an XmlElement with the specified LocalName and
        // NamespaceURI.
        public XmlElement CreateElement(string qualifiedName, string? namespaceURI)
        {
            string prefix;
            string localName;
            SplitName(qualifiedName, out prefix, out localName);
            return CreateElement(prefix, localName, namespaceURI);
        }

        // Returns a XmlNodeList containing
        // a list of all descendant elements that match the specified name.
        public virtual XmlNodeList GetElementsByTagName(string localName, string namespaceURI)
        {
            return new XmlElementList(this, localName, namespaceURI);
        }

        // Returns the XmlElement with the specified ID.
        public virtual XmlElement? GetElementById(string elementId)
        {
            if (_htElementIdMap != null)
            {
                ArrayList? elementList = (ArrayList?)(_htElementIdMap[elementId]);
                if (elementList != null)
                {
                    foreach (WeakReference<XmlElement> elemRef in elementList)
                    {
                        if (elemRef.TryGetTarget(out XmlElement? elem) && elem.IsConnected())
                            return elem;
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        // Imports a node from another document to this document.
        public virtual XmlNode ImportNode(XmlNode node, bool deep)
        {
            return ImportNodeInternal(node, deep);
        }

        private XmlNode ImportNodeInternal(XmlNode node, bool deep)
        {
            if (node == null)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Xdom_Import_NullNode);
            }
            else
            {
                XmlNode newNode;

                switch (node.NodeType)
                {
                    case XmlNodeType.Element:
                        newNode = CreateElement(node.Prefix, node.LocalName, node.NamespaceURI);
                        ImportAttributes(node, newNode);
                        if (deep)
                            ImportChildren(node, newNode, deep);
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeType.Attribute:
                        Debug.Assert(((XmlAttribute)node).Specified);
                        newNode = CreateAttribute(node.Prefix, node.LocalName, node.NamespaceURI);
                        ImportChildren(node, newNode, true);
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeType.Text:
                        newNode = CreateTextNode(node.Value);
                        break;
                    case XmlNodeType.Comment:
                        newNode = CreateComment(node.Value);
                        break;
                    case XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction:
                        newNode = CreateProcessingInstruction(node.Name, node.Value!);
                        break;
                    case XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration:
                        XmlDeclaration decl = (XmlDeclaration)node;
                        newNode = CreateXmlDeclaration(decl.Version, decl.Encoding, decl.Standalone);
                        break;
                    case XmlNodeType.CDATA:
                        newNode = CreateCDataSection(node.Value);
                        break;
                    case XmlNodeType.DocumentType:
                        XmlDocumentType docType = (XmlDocumentType)node;
                        newNode = CreateDocumentType(docType.Name, docType.PublicId, docType.SystemId, docType.InternalSubset);
                        break;
                    case XmlNodeType.DocumentFragment:
                        newNode = CreateDocumentFragment();
                        if (deep)
                            ImportChildren(node, newNode, deep);
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeType.EntityReference:
                        newNode = CreateEntityReference(node.Name);
                        // we don't import the children of entity reference because they might result in different
                        // children nodes given different namespace context in the new document.
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeType.Whitespace:
                        newNode = CreateWhitespace(node.Value);
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace:
                        newNode = CreateSignificantWhitespace(node.Value);
                        break;

                    default:
                        throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, SR.Xdom_Import, node.NodeType));
                }

                return newNode;
            }
        }

        private void ImportAttributes(XmlNode fromElem, XmlNode toElem)
        {
            int cAttr = fromElem.Attributes!.Count;
            for (int iAttr = 0; iAttr < cAttr; iAttr++)
            {
                if (fromElem.Attributes[iAttr].Specified)
                    toElem.Attributes!.SetNamedItem(ImportNodeInternal(fromElem.Attributes[iAttr], true));
            }
        }

        private void ImportChildren(XmlNode fromNode, XmlNode toNode, bool deep)
        {
            Debug.Assert(toNode.NodeType != XmlNodeType.EntityReference);
            for (XmlNode? n = fromNode.FirstChild; n != null; n = n.NextSibling)
            {
                toNode.AppendChild(ImportNodeInternal(n, deep));
            }
        }

        // Microsoft extensions

        // Gets the XmlNameTable associated with this
        // implementation.
        public XmlNameTable NameTable
        {
            get { return _implementation.NameTable; }
        }

        // Creates a XmlAttribute with the specified Prefix, LocalName,
        // and NamespaceURI.
        public virtual XmlAttribute CreateAttribute(string? prefix, string localName, string? namespaceURI)
        {
            return new XmlAttribute(AddAttrXmlName(prefix, localName, namespaceURI, null), this);
        }

        protected internal virtual XmlAttribute CreateDefaultAttribute(string? prefix, string localName, string? namespaceURI)
        {
            return new XmlUnspecifiedAttribute(prefix, localName, namespaceURI, this);
        }

        public virtual XmlElement CreateElement(string? prefix, string localName, string? namespaceURI)
        {
            XmlElement elem = new XmlElement(AddXmlName(prefix, localName, namespaceURI, null), true, this);
            if (!IsLoading)
                AddDefaultAttributes(elem);
            return elem;
        }

        // Gets or sets a value indicating whether to preserve whitespace.
        public bool PreserveWhitespace
        {
            get { return _preserveWhitespace; }
            set { _preserveWhitespace = value; }
        }

        // Gets a value indicating whether the node is read-only.
        public override bool IsReadOnly
        {
            get { return false; }
        }

        internal XmlNamedNodeMap Entities
        {
            get => _entities ??= new XmlNamedNodeMap(this);
            set => _entities = value;
        }

        internal bool IsLoading
        {
            get { return _isLoading; }
            set { _isLoading = value; }
        }

        internal bool ActualLoadingStatus
        {
            get { return _actualLoadingStatus; }
            set { _actualLoadingStatus = value; }
        }


        // Creates a XmlNode with the specified XmlNodeType, Prefix, Name, and NamespaceURI.
        public virtual XmlNode CreateNode(XmlNodeType type, string? prefix, string name, string? namespaceURI)
        {
            switch (type)
            {
                case XmlNodeType.Element:
                    if (prefix != null)
                        return CreateElement(prefix, name, namespaceURI);
                    else
                        return CreateElement(name, namespaceURI);

                case XmlNodeType.Attribute:
                    if (prefix != null)
                        return CreateAttribute(prefix, name, namespaceURI);
                    else
                        return CreateAttribute(name, namespaceURI);

                case XmlNodeType.Text:
                    return CreateTextNode(string.Empty);

                case XmlNodeType.CDATA:
                    return CreateCDataSection(string.Empty);

                case XmlNodeType.EntityReference:
                    return CreateEntityReference(name);

                case XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction:
                    return CreateProcessingInstruction(name, string.Empty);

                case XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration:
                    return CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", null, null);

                case XmlNodeType.Comment:
                    return CreateComment(string.Empty);

                case XmlNodeType.DocumentFragment:
                    return CreateDocumentFragment();

                case XmlNodeType.DocumentType:
                    return CreateDocumentType(name, string.Empty, string.Empty, string.Empty);

                case XmlNodeType.Document:
                    return new XmlDocument();

                case XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace:
                    return CreateSignificantWhitespace(string.Empty);

                case XmlNodeType.Whitespace:
                    return CreateWhitespace(string.Empty);

                default:
                    throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Arg_CannotCreateNode, type));
            }
        }

        // Creates an XmlNode with the specified node type, Name, and
        // NamespaceURI.
        public virtual XmlNode CreateNode(string nodeTypeString, string name, string? namespaceURI)
        {
            return CreateNode(ConvertToNodeType(nodeTypeString), name, namespaceURI);
        }

        // Creates an XmlNode with the specified XmlNodeType, Name, and
        // NamespaceURI.
        public virtual XmlNode CreateNode(XmlNodeType type, string name, string? namespaceURI)
        {
            return CreateNode(type, null, name, namespaceURI);
        }

        // Creates an XmlNode object based on the information in the XmlReader.
        // The reader must be positioned on a node or attribute.
        public virtual XmlNode? ReadNode(XmlReader reader)
        {
            XmlNode? node = null;
            try
            {
                IsLoading = true;
                XmlLoader loader = new XmlLoader();
                node = loader.ReadCurrentNode(this, reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                IsLoading = false;
            }

            return node;
        }

        internal static XmlNodeType ConvertToNodeType(string nodeTypeString)
        {
            if (nodeTypeString == "element")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.Element;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "attribute")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.Attribute;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "text")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.Text;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "cdatasection")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.CDATA;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "entityreference")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.EntityReference;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "entity")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.Entity;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "processinginstruction")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "comment")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.Comment;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "document")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.Document;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "documenttype")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.DocumentType;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "documentfragment")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.DocumentFragment;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "notation")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.Notation;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "significantwhitespace")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace;
            }
            else if (nodeTypeString == "whitespace")
            {
                return XmlNodeType.Whitespace;
            }
            throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.Xdom_Invalid_NT_String, nodeTypeString));
        }


        private XmlTextReader SetupReader(XmlTextReader tr)
        {
            tr.XmlValidatingReaderCompatibilityMode = true;
            tr.EntityHandling = EntityHandling.ExpandCharEntities;
            if (this.HasSetResolver)
                tr.XmlResolver = GetResolver();
            return tr;
        }

        // Loads the XML document from the specified URL.
        public virtual void Load(string filename)
        {
            XmlTextReader reader = SetupReader(new XmlTextReader(filename, NameTable));
            try
            {
                Load(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Close();
            }
        }

        public virtual void Load(Stream inStream)
        {
            XmlTextReader reader = SetupReader(new XmlTextReader(inStream, NameTable));
            try
            {
                Load(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Impl.Close(false);
            }
        }

        // Loads the XML document from the specified TextReader.
        public virtual void Load(TextReader txtReader)
        {
            XmlTextReader reader = SetupReader(new XmlTextReader(txtReader, NameTable));
            try
            {
                Load(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Impl.Close(false);
            }
        }

        // Loads the XML document from the specified XmlReader.
        public virtual void Load(XmlReader reader)
        {
            try
            {
                IsLoading = true;
                _actualLoadingStatus = true;
                RemoveAll();
                fEntRefNodesPresent = false;
                fCDataNodesPresent = false;
                _reportValidity = true;

                XmlLoader loader = new XmlLoader();
                loader.Load(this, reader, _preserveWhitespace);
            }
            finally
            {
                IsLoading = false;
                _actualLoadingStatus = false;

                // Ensure the bit is still on after loading a dtd
                _reportValidity = true;
            }
        }

        // Loads the XML document from the specified string.
        public virtual void LoadXml([StringSyntax(StringSyntaxAttribute.Xml)] string xml)
        {
            XmlTextReader reader = SetupReader(new XmlTextReader(new StringReader(xml), NameTable));
            try
            {
                Load(reader);
            }
            finally
            {
                reader.Close();
            }
        }

        //TextEncoding is the one from XmlDeclaration if there is any
        internal Encoding? TextEncoding
        {
            get
            {
                if (Declaration != null)
                {
                    string value = Declaration.Encoding;
                    if (value.Length > 0)
                    {
                        return System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(value);
                    }
                }
                return null;
            }
        }

        [AllowNull]
        public override string InnerText
        {
            set
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Xdom_Document_Innertext);
            }
        }

        public override string InnerXml
        {
            get
            {
                return base.InnerXml;
            }
            set
            {
                LoadXml(value);
            }
        }

        // Saves the XML document to the specified file.
        //Saves out the to the file with exact content in the XmlDocument.
        public virtual void Save(string filename)
        {
            if (DocumentElement == null)
                throw new XmlException(SR.Xml_InvalidXmlDocument, SR.Xdom_NoRootEle);
            XmlDOMTextWriter xw = new XmlDOMTextWriter(filename, TextEncoding);
            try
            {
                if (_preserveWhitespace == false)
                    xw.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;
                WriteTo(xw);
                xw.Flush();
            }
            finally
            {
                xw.Close();
            }
        }

        //Saves out the to the file with exact content in the XmlDocument.
        public virtual void Save(Stream outStream)
        {
            XmlDOMTextWriter xw = new XmlDOMTextWriter(outStream, TextEncoding);
            if (_preserveWhitespace == false)
                xw.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;
            WriteTo(xw);
            xw.Flush();
        }

        // Saves the XML document to the specified TextWriter.
        //
        //Saves out the file with xmldeclaration which has encoding value equal to
        //that of textwriter's encoding
        public virtual void Save(TextWriter writer)
        {
            XmlDOMTextWriter xw = new XmlDOMTextWriter(writer);
            if (_preserveWhitespace == false)
                xw.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;
            Save(xw);
        }

        // Saves the XML document to the specified XmlWriter.
        //
        //Saves out the file with xmldeclaration which has encoding value equal to
        //that of textwriter's encoding
        public virtual void Save(XmlWriter w)
        {
            XmlNode? n = this.FirstChild;
            if (n == null)
                return;
            if (w.WriteState == WriteState.Start)
            {
                if (n is XmlDeclaration)
                {
                    if (Standalone!.Length == 0)
                        w.WriteStartDocument();
                    else if (Standalone == "yes")
                        w.WriteStartDocument(true);
                    else if (Standalone == "no")
                        w.WriteStartDocument(false);
                    n = n.NextSibling;
                }
                else
                {
                    w.WriteStartDocument();
                }
            }
            while (n != null)
            {
                n.WriteTo(w);
                n = n.NextSibling;
            }
            w.Flush();
        }

        // Saves the node to the specified XmlWriter.
        //
        //Writes out the to the file with exact content in the XmlDocument.
        public override void WriteTo(XmlWriter w)
        {
            WriteContentTo(w);
        }

        // Saves all the children of the node to the specified XmlWriter.
        //
        //Writes out the to the file with exact content in the XmlDocument.
        public override void WriteContentTo(XmlWriter xw)
        {
            foreach (XmlNode n in this)
            {
                n.WriteTo(xw);
            }
        }

        public void Validate(ValidationEventHandler? validationEventHandler)
        {
            Validate(validationEventHandler, this);
        }

        public void Validate(ValidationEventHandler? validationEventHandler, XmlNode nodeToValidate)
        {
            if (_schemas == null || _schemas.Count == 0)
            { //Should we error
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.XmlDocument_NoSchemaInfo);
            }
            XmlDocument parentDocument = nodeToValidate.Document;
            if (parentDocument != this)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(SR.Format(SR.XmlDocument_NodeNotFromDocument, nameof(nodeToValidate)));
            }
            if (nodeToValidate == this)
            {
                _reportValidity = false;
            }
            DocumentSchemaValidator validator = new DocumentSchemaValidator(this, _schemas, validationEventHandler);
            validator.Validate(nodeToValidate);
            if (nodeToValidate == this)
            {
                _reportValidity = true;
            }
        }

        public event XmlNodeChangedEventHandler NodeInserting
        {
            add
            {
                _onNodeInsertingDelegate += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _onNodeInsertingDelegate -= value;
            }
        }

        public event XmlNodeChangedEventHandler NodeInserted
        {
            add
            {
                _onNodeInsertedDelegate += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _onNodeInsertedDelegate -= value;
            }
        }

        public event XmlNodeChangedEventHandler NodeRemoving
        {
            add
            {
                _onNodeRemovingDelegate += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _onNodeRemovingDelegate -= value;
            }
        }

        public event XmlNodeChangedEventHandler NodeRemoved
        {
            add
            {
                _onNodeRemovedDelegate += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _onNodeRemovedDelegate -= value;
            }
        }

        public event XmlNodeChangedEventHandler NodeChanging
        {
            add
            {
                _onNodeChangingDelegate += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _onNodeChangingDelegate -= value;
            }
        }

        public event XmlNodeChangedEventHandler NodeChanged
        {
            add
            {
                _onNodeChangedDelegate += value;
            }
            remove
            {
                _onNodeChangedDelegate -= value;
            }
        }

        internal override XmlNodeChangedEventArgs? GetEventArgs(XmlNode node, XmlNode? oldParent, XmlNode? newParent, string? oldValue, string? newValue, XmlNodeChangedAction action)
        {
            _reportValidity = false;

            switch (action)
            {
                case XmlNodeChangedAction.Insert:
                    if (_onNodeInsertingDelegate == null && _onNodeInsertedDelegate == null)
                    {
                        return null;
                    }
                    break;
                case XmlNodeChangedAction.Remove:
                    if (_onNodeRemovingDelegate == null && _onNodeRemovedDelegate == null)
                    {
                        return null;
                    }
                    break;
                case XmlNodeChangedAction.Change:
                    if (_onNodeChangingDelegate == null && _onNodeChangedDelegate == null)
                    {
                        return null;
                    }
                    break;
            }
            return new XmlNodeChangedEventArgs(node, oldParent, newParent, oldValue, newValue, action);
        }

        internal XmlNodeChangedEventArgs? GetInsertEventArgsForLoad(XmlNode node, XmlNode newParent)
        {
            if (_onNodeInsertingDelegate == null && _onNodeInsertedDelegate == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            string? nodeValue = node.Value;
            return new XmlNodeChangedEventArgs(node, null, newParent, nodeValue, nodeValue, XmlNodeChangedAction.Insert);
        }

        internal override void BeforeEvent(XmlNodeChangedEventArgs args)
        {
            if (args != null)
            {
                switch (args.Action)
                {
                    case XmlNodeChangedAction.Insert:
                        _onNodeInsertingDelegate?.Invoke(this, args);
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeChangedAction.Remove:
                        _onNodeRemovingDelegate?.Invoke(this, args);
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeChangedAction.Change:
                        _onNodeChangingDelegate?.Invoke(this, args);
                        break;
                }
            }
        }

        internal override void AfterEvent(XmlNodeChangedEventArgs args)
        {
            if (args != null)
            {
                switch (args.Action)
                {
                    case XmlNodeChangedAction.Insert:
                        _onNodeInsertedDelegate?.Invoke(this, args);
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeChangedAction.Remove:
                        _onNodeRemovedDelegate?.Invoke(this, args);
                        break;

                    case XmlNodeChangedAction.Change:
                        _onNodeChangedDelegate?.Invoke(this, args);
                        break;
                }
            }
        }

        // The function such through schema info to find out if there exists a default attribute with passed in names in the passed in element
        // If so, return the newly created default attribute (with children tree);
        // Otherwise, return null.

        internal XmlAttribute? GetDefaultAttribute(XmlElement elem, string attrPrefix, string attrLocalname, string attrNamespaceURI)
        {
            SchemaInfo? schInfo = DtdSchemaInfo;
            SchemaElementDecl? ed = GetSchemaElementDecl(elem);
            if (ed != null && ed.AttDefs != null)
            {
                foreach (KeyValuePair<XmlQualifiedName, SchemaAttDef> attrDefs in ed.AttDefs)
                {
                    SchemaAttDef attdef = attrDefs.Value;
                    if (attdef.Presence == SchemaDeclBase.Use.Default ||
                        attdef.Presence == SchemaDeclBase.Use.Fixed)
                    {
                        if (attdef.Name.Name == attrLocalname)
                        {
                            if ((schInfo!.SchemaType == SchemaType.DTD && attdef.Name.Namespace == attrPrefix) ||
                                 (schInfo.SchemaType != SchemaType.DTD && attdef.Name.Namespace == attrNamespaceURI))
                            {
                                //find a def attribute with the same name, build a default attribute and return
                                XmlAttribute defattr = PrepareDefaultAttribute(attdef, attrPrefix, attrLocalname, attrNamespaceURI);
                                return defattr;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        internal string? Version
        {
            get
            {
                XmlDeclaration? decl = Declaration;
                if (decl != null)
                    return decl.Version;
                return null;
            }
        }

        internal string? Encoding
        {
            get
            {
                XmlDeclaration? decl = Declaration;
                if (decl != null)
                    return decl.Encoding;
                return null;
            }
        }

        internal string? Standalone
        {
            get
            {
                XmlDeclaration? decl = Declaration;
                if (decl != null)
                    return decl.Standalone;
                return null;
            }
        }

        internal XmlEntity? GetEntityNode(string name)
        {
            if (DocumentType != null)
            {
                XmlNamedNodeMap entities = DocumentType.Entities;
                if (entities != null)
                    return (XmlEntity?)(entities.GetNamedItem(name));
            }
            return null;
        }

        public override IXmlSchemaInfo SchemaInfo
        {
            get
            {
                if (_reportValidity)
                {
                    XmlElement? documentElement = DocumentElement;
                    if (documentElement != null)
                    {
                        switch (documentElement.SchemaInfo.Validity)
                        {
                            case XmlSchemaValidity.Valid:
                                return ValidSchemaInfo;
                            case XmlSchemaValidity.Invalid:
                                return InvalidSchemaInfo;
                        }
                    }
                }
                return NotKnownSchemaInfo;
            }
        }

        public override string BaseURI
        {
            get { return baseURI; }
        }

        internal void SetBaseURI(string inBaseURI)
        {
            baseURI = inBaseURI;
        }

        internal override XmlNode AppendChildForLoad(XmlNode newChild, XmlDocument doc)
        {
            Debug.Assert(doc == this);

            if (!IsValidChildType(newChild.NodeType))
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Xdom_Node_Insert_TypeConflict);

            if (!CanInsertAfter(newChild, LastChild))
                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.Xdom_Node_Insert_Location);

            XmlNodeChangedEventArgs? args = GetInsertEventArgsForLoad(newChild, this);

            if (args != null)
                BeforeEvent(args);

            XmlLinkedNode newNode = (XmlLinkedNode)newChild;

            if (_lastChild == null)
            {
                newNode.next = newNode;
            }
            else
            {
                newNode.next = _lastChild.next;
                _lastChild.next = newNode;
            }

            _lastChild = newNode;
            newNode.SetParentForLoad(this);

            if (args != null)
                AfterEvent(args);

            return newNode;
        }

        internal override XPathNodeType XPNodeType { get { return XPathNodeType.Root; } }

        internal bool HasEntityReferences
        {
            get
            {
                return fEntRefNodesPresent;
            }
        }

        internal XmlAttribute NamespaceXml
        {
            get
            {
                if (_namespaceXml == null)
                {
                    _namespaceXml = new XmlAttribute(AddAttrXmlName(strXmlns, strXml, strReservedXmlns, null), this);
                    _namespaceXml.Value = strReservedXml;
                }
                return _namespaceXml;
            }
        }
    }
}