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Signed-off-by: m-kro <m.barthauer@t-online.de> cap charging at SoC threshold ref #9663 Signed-off-by: m-kro <m.barthauer@t-online.de> repeat search when unsuccessful after interval ref #9663 Signed-off-by: m-kro <m.barthauer@t-online.de>
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| --- | ||
| title: Stationfinder device | ||
| --- | ||
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| ## Overview | ||
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| Although SUMO offers output regarding emissions and energy/fuel usage, by default SUMO vehicles would travel as long as wanted without need to charge. | ||
| Charging stations for battery electric vehicles have been introduced with the [battery device](Models/Electric.md#defining_electric_vehicles). | ||
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| The stationfinder device lets equipped vehicles monitor their energy buffer (currently battery only) when traveling and reroute to nearby | ||
| charging stations in case they won't make it to their destinations otherwise. Optionally, vehicles can break down due to low battery charge. | ||
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| !!! note | ||
| As of SUMO 1.21 the device implementation works only for vehicles with a battery device. | ||
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| ## Decision logic for charging | ||
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| This paragraph shall convey the major conditions used in the decision logic of the device. The device has to decide whether and where to reroute the | ||
| vehicle to charge. The user can configure multiple thresholds to change how different vehicles behave. | ||
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| - As long as the battery state of charge (SoC) is above `needToChargeLevel`, no action is taken. This condition is rechecked each time the SoC has lowered by 10%. | ||
| - When the SoC reaches `needToChargeLevel`, possible charging stations are searched and evaluated using the [target function](#charging_station_target_function). If a valid charging station is found within `radius` travel time, the vehicle is immediately rerouted to go there. Other programmed stops will be served after charging. | ||
| - If no charging station is available, the vehicle continues its original route. It will search again after `repeat` seconds. | ||
| - If the charging station is occupied on arrival, the vehicle will wait `waitForCharge` seconds before looking for an alternative site. | ||
| - The vehicle will charge enough to complete the planned route multiplied by `reserveFactor` and try to keep the SoC above `emptyThreshold`. | ||
| - Equipped vehicles monitor every second (not necessarily every time step) whether the battery state of charge (SoC) goes beyond `emptyThreshold`. If it does, the configured `rescueAction` is executed. | ||
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| ## Charging station target function | ||
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| When there are more sites to choose from, the device sorts the charging stations according to a target function and chooses the one with the lowest score. The target function works as follows: | ||
| ``` | ||
| score = travel_time + charging_time + waiting_penalty/charging_points | ||
| ``` | ||
| The score consists of the travel time to get to the charging station and back to the original route, the charging time considering the charging speed and a penalty time if the charging station is already occupied. | ||
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| ## Break down due to lack of energy | ||
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| Vehicles may not always manage to reach a free charging point before they run out of energy. This can be due to a number of reasons: | ||
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| - low battery capacity (actual or maximum battery capacity) | ||
| - high energy consumption | ||
| - low number of charging stations nearby | ||
| - high occupancy of charging stations | ||
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| The stationfinder device can be configured using the parameters `rescueTime` and `rescueAction` to handle the lack of energy in the following ways: | ||
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| - `rescueAction="none"`: let vehicles continue on their route although they don't have enough energy | ||
| - `rescueAction="remove"`: the vehicle will come to a standstill and then will be removed from the simulation | ||
| - `rescueTime="TIME" rescueAction="tow"`: the vehicle will come to a standstill and wait for `TIME` seconds (waiting time for a tow truck). Then it will be teleported to a free charging point, charge and continue its route. Thus the travel from the break down to the charging station is not included in [emissions output](Simulation/Output/EmissionOutput.md). | ||
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| ## Configuration | ||
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| The following table gives the full list of possible parameters for the stationfinder device. Each of these parameters must be specified as a child | ||
| element of the form `<param key=device.stationfinder.<PARAMETER NAME> value=<PARAMETER VALUE>` of the appropriate demand definition element (e.g. `<vehicle ... />`, `<vType ... />`, or `<flow ... />`). | ||
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| | Parameter | Type | Range | Default | Description | | ||
| | --------------------- | ---------------- | ----------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ||
| | rescueTime | float (s) | ≥0 | 1800 | Time to wait for a rescue vehicle on the road side when the battery is empty | | ||
| | rescueAction | enum | {remove;tow;none} | remove | What to do with vehicles in rescue mode: `remove` remove immediately from the simulation, `tow` teleport to a charging station after waiting or do nothing using `none` | | ||
| | reserveFactor | float | ≥1 | 1.1 | Scale battery need with this factor to account for unexpected traffic situations | | ||
| | emptyThreshold | float | [0;100] | 5 | Battery percentage to go into rescue mode | | ||
| | radius | float (s) | ≥0 | 180 | Search radius in travel time seconds | | ||
| | repeat | float (s) | ≥0 | 60 | When to trigger a new search if no station has been found | | ||
| | maxChargePower | float (W) | ≥0 | 100000 | The maximum charging speed of the vehicle battery | | ||
| | chargeType | enum | {charging} | charging | Type of energy transfer (not used at the moment) | | ||
| | waitForCharge | float (s) | ≥0 | 600 | After this waiting time vehicle searches for a new station when the initial one is blocked | | ||
| | saturatedChargeLevel | float | [0;100] | 80 | Target state of charge after which the vehicle stops charging | | ||
| | needToChargeLevel | float | [0;100] | 40 | State of charge the vehicle begins searching for charging stations | |
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