[TEST] Fixes to StringMatcherTests (#88046) (#88103)

This commit fixes two issues with StringMatcherTests

**Problem 1**
Under some seeds (e.g. 3C93AEF7628D6611) prefix2 would start
with the same text as prefix1. This would mean that input that was
intended to test against prefix2 would actually match prefix1, and
violate the expectations of the test

**Problem 2**
The code had the equivalent of

    randomFrom( "abc".toCharArray() )

But Hamcest does not have a randomFrom(char[]) method, so this
code was treated as

    randomFrom( new Object[] { new char[] { 'a', 'b', 'c' } } )

and will return a char[]. Tests that were written assuming they had 
a random character, actually had an array (char[]) and would then
stringify that object into something like

    [C@5e67f506

Resolves: #88024

x-pack/plugin/core/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/core/security/support/StringMatcherTests.java

@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ public void testSingleRegex() throws Exception {
 
     public void testMultiplePatterns() throws Exception {
         final String prefix1 = randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(3, 5);
-        final String prefix2 = randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(5, 8);
-        final String prefix3 = randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(10, 12);
+        final String prefix2 = randomValueOtherThanMany(s -> s.startsWith(prefix1), () -> randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(5, 8));
+        final String prefix3 = randomValueOtherThanMany(s -> s.startsWith(prefix1), () -> randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(10, 12));
         final String suffix1 = randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(5, 10);
         final String suffix2 = randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(8, 12);
         final String exact1 = randomValueOtherThanMany(
@@ -129,19 +129,32 @@ public void testMultiplePatterns() throws Exception {
             List.of(prefix1 + "*", prefix2 + "?", "/" + prefix3 + "@/", "*" + suffix1, "/@" + suffix2 + "/", exact1, exact2, exact3)
         );
 
+        final List<Character> nonAlpha = "@/#$0123456789()[]{}<>;:%&".chars()
+            .mapToObj(c -> Character.valueOf((char) c))
+            .collect(Collectors.toList());
+
         assertMatch(matcher, exact1);
         assertMatch(matcher, exact2);
         assertMatch(matcher, exact3);
         assertMatch(matcher, randomAlphaOfLength(3) + suffix1);
         assertMatch(matcher, randomAlphaOfLength(3) + suffix2);
+
+        // Prefix 1 uses '*', it should match any number of trailing chars.
         assertMatch(matcher, prefix1 + randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(1, 5));
-        assertMatch(matcher, prefix2 + randomAlphaOfLength(1));
-        assertMatch(matcher, prefix3 + randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(1, 5));
+        assertMatch(matcher, prefix1 + randomFrom(nonAlpha));
+        assertMatch(matcher, prefix1 + randomFrom(nonAlpha) + randomFrom(nonAlpha));
 
-        final char[] nonAlpha = "@/#$0123456789()[]{}<>;:%&".toCharArray();
+        // Prefix 2 uses a `?`, it should match any single trailing char, but not 2 chars.
+        // (We don't test with a trailing alpha because it might match one of the matched suffixes)
+        assertMatch(matcher, prefix2 + randomAlphaOfLength(1));
+        assertMatch(matcher, prefix2 + randomFrom(nonAlpha));
+        assertNoMatch(matcher, prefix2 + randomFrom(nonAlpha) + randomFrom(nonAlpha));
+        assertNoMatch(matcher, prefix2 + randomAlphaOfLength(1) + randomFrom(nonAlpha));
 
-        // Prefix 2 uses a `?`
-        assertNoMatch(matcher, prefix2 + randomFrom(nonAlpha));
+        // Prefix 3 uses a regex with '@', it should match any number of trailing chars.
+        assertMatch(matcher, prefix3 + randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(1, 5));
+        assertMatch(matcher, prefix3 + randomFrom(nonAlpha));
+        assertMatch(matcher, prefix3 + randomFrom(nonAlpha) + randomFrom(nonAlpha));
 
         for (String pattern : List.of(exact1, exact2, exact3, suffix1, suffix2, exact1, exact2, exact3)) {
             assertNoMatch(matcher, randomFrom(nonAlpha) + pattern + randomFrom(nonAlpha));