Today the `DiskThresholdMonitor` limits the frequency with which it submits
reroute tasks, but it might still submit these tasks faster than the master can
process them if, for instance, each reroute takes over 60 seconds. This causes
a problem since the reroute task runs with priority `IMMEDIATE` and is always
scheduled when there is a node over the high watermark, so this can starve any
other pending tasks on the master.

This change avoids further updates from the monitor while its last task(s) are
still in progress, and it measures the time of each update from the completion
time of the reroute task rather than its start time, to allow a larger window
for other tasks to run.

Fixes elastic#40174

…he watermark

…k-threshold-monitor

…k-threshold-monitor