[8.4] Extend the date rounding logic to be conditional (#89693)

[pgomulka]

Date rounding logic should take into account the fields that will be
parsed be a parser. If a parser has a DayOfYear field, the rounding logic
should not try to default DayOfMonth as it will conflict with DayOfYear

However the DateTimeFormatter does not have a public method to return
information of fields that will be parsed. The hacky workaround is
to rely on toString() implementation that will return a field info when
it was defined with textual pattern.

This commits introduced conditional logic for DayOfMonth, MonthOfYear, ClockHourOfAMPM and HourOfAmPM

closes #89096
closes #58986
backports #89693

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