Issue Building Embench --collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

[WeiyanZh]

When I compiled the benchmarks using the following command:

python3 ./build_all.py --arch riscv32 --chip generic --board ri5cyverilator –cc riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc

I got the error blow:
pport to binary directory /home/embench-iot/bd/support failed
Warning: Compilation of main.c from source directory /home/embench-iot/support to binary directory /home/embench-iot/bd/support failed
Warning: Compilation of chipsupport.c from source directory /home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/chips/generic to binary directory /home/embench-iot/bd/config/riscv32/chips/generic failed
...

Part of log file:
Supplied arguments

--builddir : bd
--logdir : logs
--arch : riscv32
--chip : generic
--board : ri5cyverilator
--cc : riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc
--ld : None
--cflags : None
--ldflags : None
--env : None
--cc-define1-pattern : None
--cc-define2-pattern : None
--cc-incdir-pattern : None
--cc-input-pattern : None
--cc-output-pattern : None
--ld-input-pattern : None
--ld-output-pattern : None
--user-libs : None
--dummy-libs : None
--cpu-mhz : None
--warmup-heat : None
--verbose : False
--clean : False
--timeout : 5

Global parameters

rootdir : /home/embench-iot
verbose : False
bd : /home/embench-iot/bd
configdir : /home/embench-iot/config
bd_configdir : /home/embench-iot/bd/config
archdir : /home/embench-iot/config/riscv32
bd_archdir : /home/embench-iot/bd/config/riscv32
chipdir : /home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/chips/generic
bd_chipdir : /home/embench-iot/bd/config/riscv32/chips/generic
boarddir : /home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/boards/ri5cyverilator
bd_boarddir : /home/embench-iot/bd/config/riscv32/boards/ri5cyverilator
env : {}
benchdir : /home/embench-iot/src
bd_benchdir : /home/embench-iot/bd/src
supportdir : /home/embench-iot/support
bd_supportdir : /home/embench-iot/bd/support
cflags : ['-I/home/embench-iot/support', '-I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/boards/ri5cyverilator', '-I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/chips/generic', '-I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32', '-DCPU_MHZ=1', '-DWARMUP_HEAT=1']
ldflags : []
cc : riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc
cc_define1_pattern : -D{0}
cc_define2_pattern : -D{0}={1}
cc_incdir_pattern : -I{0}
cc_input_pattern : {0}
cc_output_pattern : -o {0}
ld_input_pattern : {0}
ld_output_pattern : -o {0}
user_libs : {}
dummy_libs : {}
cpu_mhz : 1
warmup_heat : 1
timeout : 5
ld : riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc

General log

Warning: Compilation of beebsc.c from source directory /home/embench-iot/support to binary directory /home/embench-iot/bd/support failed
Command was:
riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc -I/home/embench-iot/support -I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/boards/ri5cyverilator -I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/chips/generic -I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32 -DCPU_MHZ=1 -DWARMUP_HEAT=1 -o beebsc.o /home/embench-iot/support/beebsc.c

/opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: /opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/lib/crt0.o: in function .L0 ': (.text+0x32): undefined reference to main'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Warning: Compilation of main.c from source directory /home/embench-iot/support to binary directory /home/embench-iot/bd/support failed
Command was:
riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc -I/home/embench-iot/support -I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/boards/ri5cyverilator -I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32/chips/generic -I/home/embench-iot/config/riscv32 -DCPU_MHZ=1 -DWARMUP_HEAT=1 -o main.o /home/embench-iot/support/main.c

/opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: /tmp/ccgBVD65.o: in function main': main.c:(.text+0x10): undefined reference to initialise_board'
/opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: main.c:(.text+0x18): undefined reference to initialise_benchmark' /opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: main.c:(.text+0x22): undefined reference to warm_caches'
/opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: main.c:(.text+0x2a): undefined reference to start_trigger' /opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: main.c:(.text+0x32): undefined reference to benchmark'
/opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: main.c:(.text+0x40): undefined reference to stop_trigger' /opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: main.c:(.text+0x4e): undefined reference to verify_benchmark'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
...

George solved the problem by updating the version of gcc. #97 (comment) I cannot solve the problem in the same way.

Do you have any idea to solve this linker error?

[Abraham-Castaneda]

I'm having a very similar issue, only difference is that I am using riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc and am using a different set of compiler flags (other than that our supplied arguments are the same). I hope someone sheds some light on this!

[WeiyanZh]

When I use
python3 ./build_all.py --arch riscv32 --chip generic --board ri5cyverilator --cc riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc --cflags=-c

I got:
aha-mont64
crc32
Warning: Link of benchmark "cubic" failed
edn
huffbench
matmult-int
minver
Warning: Link of benchmark "nbody" failed
nettle-aes
nettle-sha256
nsichneu
picojpeg
qrduino
sglib-combined
slre
Warning: Link of benchmark "st" failed
statemate
ud
Warning: Link of benchmark "wikisort" failed

part of log file:
Compilation of benchmark "nbody" successful
Warning: Link of benchmark "nbody" failed

/opt/riscv-gnu-toolchain-dist-rv32imac-ilp32/bin/../lib/gcc/riscv32-unknown-elf/10.2.0/../../../../riscv32-unknown-elf/bin/ld: nbody.o: in function .L9': **nbody.c:(.text+0x2fc): undefined reference to sqrt'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status**

In directory "/home/embench-iot/bd/src/nbody"
Command was:
riscv32-unknown-elf-gcc -o nbody nbody.o /home/embench-iot/bd/config/riscv32/chips/generic/chipsupport.o /home/embench-iot/bd/config/riscv32/boards/ri5cyverilator/boardsupport.o /home/embench-iot/bd/support/main.o /home/embench-iot/bd/support/beebsc.o
Compilation of benchmark "nettle-aes" successful

[sobuch]

Hi, I think the answer is already in the thread you linked here previously - you need to also add --user-libs="-lm" to compile with libm which contains e.g. the function sqrt. Alternatively, you can use the dummy libraries (that would be something like --dummy-libs="crt0 libc libgcc libm"), but in this case only benchmarking code size would make sense.

[Abraham-Castaneda]

Like sobuch said, libs="-lm" should fix the issue, it did it for me.

[WeiyanZh]

Yes, thanks you sobuch and Abraham.