Avoids awkward-looking line wraps caused by long ship names when coupled with list-style confirmation dialog.
Refs endless-sky#2249

Adds front or end truncation to the following locations:
 - Hailing screen: no overflow off right edge for combinations of long ship names and/or long government names.
 - Targeting reticle: no overflow off left edge of ship name
 - Ship detail screen: no overlap of "ship:" and the ship name
 - Shipyard/Outfitter ship details screen: no/minimal overflow out of rounded square border
 - Player Info fleet list: no overflow of ship name across category

Front truncation used where possible, to preserve possible identifying numbers on the tail of the ship name, e.g. the "1" in 'My Ship 1'

Allow truncation of strings from the middle out. No special handling to cut in "pretty" locations to do things such as prefer whole-word removal, 2nd-letter starting, etc.
Changes in border characters from "..." to alphanumerics, plus the slightly reduced width precision of TruncateMiddle vs Truncate(Front) made adjusting some targeted widths necessary.