Volcano Cooking

Let's make some volcanoes erupt!

NOTE: The created dates must start before the model start. Running CESM2 from year 1850 with the first eruption in 1850 will make it crash. Setting the first eruption to 1849, however, will make it run. The same goes for the end, the model must stop prior to the last event, otherwise it will crash. This project will make sure one event is placed ahead of the init year, but the end will vary depending on number of events created and their frequency.

Install

The package is published on PyPI and installable via pip:

pip install volcano-cooking

If you only plan on using the already present generator classes and only need the CLI program, it is recommended to install this with pipx:

pipx install volcano-cooking

Usage

The basics

There are mainly two CLI programs coming with this project. The main program is volcano-cooking, which will create a .nc and .npz file in the data/output directory. With the view-frc program you can quickly view the content of the created files in a plot. There is also a third program called sfrc-sparse2lin which converts arrays of only non-zero events at arbitrary times to linearly spaced events where times between the non-zero events are filled with zeros.

volcano-cooking

Once installed, run from within this directory with:

volcano-cooking

All created files are saved to a data/output directory that will be created inside the current directory from where the volcano-cooking command is run.

For more information, see

volcano-cooking --help

Tip

It is also possible to run the CLI as a python module. Try: python -m volcano_cooking --help, python -m volcano_cooking.view_forcing --help or python -m volcano_cooking.sparse_to_lin --help.

Option 0 (default, using NCL-script)

TL;DR

$ volcano-cooking -f 1 -s 100
Generating with 'GenerateFPP'...
$ volcano-cooking --run-ncl
 Copyright (C) 1995-2019 - All Rights Reserved
 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
 NCAR Command Language Version 6.6.2
 The use of this software is governed by a License Agreement.
 See http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/ for more details.
(0)     in data/originals/createVolcEruptV3.ncl
...
  long_name :   SO2 elevated emissions from explosive volcanoes
  _FillValue :  9.96921e+36
(0)     saving stratvolc
(0)     File creation complete: data/cesm/VolcanEESMv3.11Enger_SO2_850-2016_Mscale_Zreduc_2deg_c20220502-140023.nc
Log file created at data/cesm/logs/20220502-140022.log
Fixing the attributes of the altitude_int coordinate...
$ volcano-cooking --package-last
Successfully placed all latest source files in the 'source-files' directory.
$ ls source-files
20220502-140022.log                     VolcanEESMv3.11Enger_SO2_850-2016_Mscale_Zreduc_2deg_c20220502-140023.nc
synthetic_volcanoes_20220502_135956.nc  synthetic_volcanoes_20220502_135956.npz

Dependencies

This option needs

• volcano-cooking installed
• A coordinate file (~ 10 kB)
• ncl executable

Create source file for forcing

Run command volcano-cooking with the options you want. See volcano-cooking --help.

Create forcing file for CESM2

Running the volcano-cooking --run-ncl script depends on having ncl installed. See installation instructions here.

After having run the volcano-cooking command, the forcing file for CESM2 can be generated by running

volcano-cooking --run-ncl

If the needed coordinate files are missing, you will be asked if you want to download them. If you want to use different files, or change the default resolution (default is 2 degrees), edit .env (see ./examples/.env.example) accordingly. In this case, you also need to manually download whatever coordinate file you want to use. See section Setting up manually.

Wrap up

The last created files, source files, logs and final output, can be nicely collected and placed in a directory named source-files with command:

volcano-cooking --package-last

Setting up manually

To be able to create forcing files used by CESM2 from the newly created synthetic file, we need a script from the emissions directory. These are scripts that use the forcing file this project generates to make a new, full forcing file that CESM2 accepts (examples of such files can be found here). For example, createVolcEruptV3.ncl can be found in the emissions directory. This need a common.ncl file, found here, in addition to other standard ncl libraries. Make sure to edit createVolcEruptV3.ncl to read the created file and that the first and last year cover those used in the created file. A working version of createVolcEruptV3.ncl that uses input files generated by volcano-cooking can be found in data/originals. To see what was changed from the original, run diff data/originals/createVolcEruptV3.ncl.original src/volcano_cooking/createVolcEruptV3.ncl.

Coordinate files are needed when running createVolcEruptV3.ncl or similar scripts, and are located here. For example fv_1.9x2.5_L30.nc which can be used with two degrees resolution in the atmosphere model. The following commands will download 1 and 2 degree resolution coordinate files, respectively, to the data/originals directory:

wget --no-check-certificate https://svn-ccsm-inputdata.cgd.ucar.edu/trunk/inputdata/atm/cam/coords/fv_0.9x1.25_L30.nc --directory-prefix data/originals
wget --no-check-certificate https://svn-ccsm-inputdata.cgd.ucar.edu/trunk/inputdata/atm/cam/coords/fv_1.9x2.5_L30.nc --directory-prefix data/originals

Option 1 (directly change forcing file)

TL;DR

$ volcano-cooking -f 1 -s 100 -o
Generating with 'GenerateFPP'...

Dependencies

This option needs

• volcano-cooking installed
• A coordinate file (~ 10 kB)
• Original CESM2 forcing file (~ 2.2 GB)

Run library

Now the only thing we need to do is running volcano-cooking with the flag -o, and choose the type of forcing we want (see volcano-cooking --lst):

volcano-cooking -f 1 -s 100 -o

Get forcing and coordinate files manually

Manually downloading the files and placing them in the correct directory is not needed. Running the command as shown above will ask you if you want to download the files, and place them where they need to be.

This option relies on having a working forcing file and coordinate file at hand. We will use the forcing file that CESM2 places in the stratvolc directory of the cam model. Download from this link and place it in the data/originals directory, or run command:

wget --no-check-certificate https://svn-ccsm-inputdata.cgd.ucar.edu/trunk/inputdata/atm/cam/chem/stratvolc/VolcanEESMv3.11_SO2_850-2016_Mscale_Zreduc_2deg_c191125.nc --directory-prefix data/originals

It's 2.2 GB file, so it will take some time.

We will also need a coordinate file, specifically fv_1.9x2.5_L30.nc which is found here. This file is small and quick to download. From the command line:

wget --no-check-certificate https://svn-ccsm-inputdata.cgd.ucar.edu/trunk/inputdata/atm/cam/coords/fv_0.9x1.25_L30.nc --directory-prefix data/originals
wget --no-check-certificate https://svn-ccsm-inputdata.cgd.ucar.edu/trunk/inputdata/atm/cam/coords/fv_1.9x2.5_L30.nc --directory-prefix data/originals

Examples

When running the command volcano-cooking --run-ncl, a few environment variables will be used, which can be controlled by setting them in a .env file. See .env.example to see some default values. With this you can for example easily change the grid resolution to be 1deg rather than 2deg (default).

The examples directory also include an example on how to use the --file option. Cloning this repository and running volcano-cooking --file json.json from inside the examples directory will result in some output files generated to a new data directory inside examples. If you further rename .env.example → .env you may also run volcano-cooking --run-ncl and volcano-cooking --package-last (this assumes you follow option 0, see below).

Finally, there is also a script custom_generator.py which show how you might define your own generator classes and functions. Run as python custom_generator.py.

view-frc

After running the volcano-cooking command, files with names synthetic_volcanoes_... are created with file type .nc and .npz. These can be viewed with

view-frc <file.nc>

An optional flag can be sent to the view-frc program that will save the plot: view-frc -s <file.nc>.

For more information, see

view-frc --help

sfrc-sparse2lin

This program is available as a convenience tool in the rare case when you have a forcing file with only the events of eruptions. The program will re-write time array to be linearly spaced and place the values from the forcing values into a new forcing array that matches the new linearly spaced time axis.

It assumes the file sent to it has yoes(year, YYYY), moes (month, MM), does (days, DD) and tes (emissions, Tg) fields if it is a .npz file. If a .nc file is used, it must have a dataset with variables "Year_of_Emission", "Month_of_Emission", "Day_of_Emission" and "Total_Emission".

Extra

This assumes you are using the package from a python script, and not just the CLI.

Compare created file with a similar used in a default CESM2 experiment

A similar file to those that are created is needed to be able to use some scripts in the helper_scripts directory. By default, it assumes the file is named volcan-eesm_global_2015_so2-emissions-database_v1.0.nc and that it is placed inside the data/originals directory. You can find this file here.

Contributing

To contribute to the project, clone and install the full development version (uses poetry for dependencies):

git clone https://github.com/engeir/volcano-cooking.git
cd volcano-cooking
poetry install
pre-commit install