battle.c

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#endif

#include "battle.h"
#include "alchemy.h"
#include "guard.h"
#include "laws.h"
#include "monsters.h"
#include "move.h"
#include "study.h"
#include "spy.h"

#include "reports.h"

/* attributes includes */
#include "attributes/key.h"
#include "attributes/racename.h"
#include "attributes/otherfaction.h"

#include "spells/buildingcurse.h"
#include "spells/regioncurse.h"
#include "spells/unitcurse.h"

#include "kernel/ally.h"
#include "kernel/alliance.h"
#include "kernel/build.h"
#include "kernel/building.h"
#include "kernel/callbacks.h"
#include "kernel/config.h"
#include "kernel/curse.h"
#include "kernel/equipment.h"
#include "kernel/faction.h"
#include "kernel/group.h"
#include "kernel/item.h"
#include "kernel/messages.h"
#include "kernel/order.h"
#include "kernel/plane.h"
#include "kernel/race.h"
#include "kernel/region.h"
#include "kernel/ship.h"
#include "kernel/skill.h"
#include "kernel/terrain.h"
#include "kernel/unit.h"
#include "kernel/spell.h"

/* util includes */
#include "kernel/attrib.h"
#include "util/base36.h"
#include "util/language.h"
#include "util/lists.h"
#include "util/log.h"
#include "util/macros.h"
#include "util/message.h"
#include "util/parser.h"
#include "util/stats.h"
#include "util/rand.h"
#include "util/rng.h"

#include <strings.h>
#include <selist.h>

/* libc includes */
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <stb_ds.h>

#define TACTICS_BONUS 1         /* when undefined, we have a tactics round. else this is the bonus tactics give */
#define TACTICS_MODIFIER 1      /* modifier for generals in the front/rear */

#define BASE_CHANCE    70       /* 70% Basis-Ueberlebenschance */
#define TDIFF_CHANGE    5       /* 5% hoeher pro Stufe */
#define DAMAGE_QUOTIENT 2       /* damage += skilldiff/DAMAGE_QUOTIENT */

#define DEBUG_SELECT            /* should be disabled if select_enemy works */

typedef enum combatmagic {
    DO_PRECOMBATSPELL,
    DO_POSTCOMBATSPELL
} combatmagic_t;

#define MINSPELLRANGE 1
#define MAXSPELLRANGE 7

#define ROW_FACTOR 3            /* factor for combat row advancement rule */
#define EFFECT_PANIC_SPELL 25
#define TROLL_REGENERATION 0.10

/* Nach dem alten System: */
static int missile_range[2] = { FIGHT_ROW, BEHIND_ROW };
static int melee_range[2] = { FIGHT_ROW, FIGHT_ROW };

const troop no_troop = { 0, 0 };

#define FORMULA_ORIG 0
#define FORMULA_NEW 1

#define LOOT_MONSTERS      (1<<0)
#define LOOT_SELF          (1<<1)       /* code is mutually exclusive with LOOT_OTHERS */
#define LOOT_OTHERS        (1<<2)
#define LOOT_KEEPLOOT      (1<<4)

#define DAMAGE_CRITICAL      (1<<0)
#define DAMAGE_SKILL_BONUS   (1<<4)

static int max_turns;
static int rule_damage;
static int rule_loot;
static double loot_divisor;
static int flee_chance_max_percent;
static int flee_chance_base;
static int flee_chance_skill_bonus;
static int skill_formula;
static int rule_cavalry_skill;
static int rule_population_damage;
static unsigned char rule_hero_speed;
static bool rule_anon_battle;
static bool rule_igjarjuk_curse;
static int rule_goblin_bonus;
static int rule_tactics_formula;
static int rule_nat_armor;
static int rule_cavalry_mode;
static int rule_vampire;
static const item_type *it_mistletoe;

/** initialize rules from configuration.
 */
static void init_rules(void)
{
    it_mistletoe = it_find("mistletoe");

    flee_chance_skill_bonus = config_get_int("rules.combat.flee_chance_bonus", 5);
    flee_chance_base = config_get_int("rules.combat.flee_chance_base", 20);
    flee_chance_max_percent = config_get_int("rules.combat.flee_chance_limit", 90);
    rule_nat_armor = config_get_int("rules.combat.nat_armor", 0);
    rule_tactics_formula = config_get_int("rules.tactics.formula", 0);
    rule_goblin_bonus = config_get_int("rules.combat.goblinbonus", 10);
    rule_hero_speed = (unsigned char)config_get_int("rules.heroes.combat_speed", 10);
    rule_population_damage = config_get_int("rules.combat.populationdamage", 20);
    rule_anon_battle = config_get_int("rules.stealth.anon_battle", 1) != 0;
    rule_igjarjuk_curse = config_get_int("rules.combat.igjarjuk_curse", 0) != 0;
    rule_cavalry_mode = config_get_int("rules.cavalry.mode", 1);
    rule_cavalry_skill = config_get_int("rules.cavalry.skill", 2);
    rule_vampire = config_get_int("rules.combat.demon_vampire", 0);
    rule_loot = config_get_int("rules.combat.loot",
        LOOT_MONSTERS | LOOT_OTHERS | LOOT_KEEPLOOT);
    loot_divisor = config_get_flt("rules.items.loot_divisor", 1);
    /* new formula to calculate to-hit-chance */
    skill_formula = config_get_int("rules.combat.skill_formula",
        FORMULA_ORIG);
    /* maximum number of combat turns */
    max_turns = config_get_int("rules.combat.turns", 5);
    /* damage calculation */
    if (config_get_int("rules.combat.critical", 1)) {
        rule_damage |= DAMAGE_CRITICAL;
    }
    if (config_get_int("rules.combat.skill_bonus", 1)) {
        rule_damage |= DAMAGE_SKILL_BONUS;
    }
}

static int army_index(const side * s)
{
    return s->index;
}

const char *sidename(const side * s)
{
#define SIDENAMEBUFLEN 256
    static int bufno;             /* STATIC_XCALL: used across calls */
    static char sidename_buf[4][SIDENAMEBUFLEN];  /* STATIC_RESULT: used for return, not across calls */

    bufno = bufno % 4;
    str_strlcpy(sidename_buf[bufno], factionname(s->stealthfaction ? s->stealthfaction : s->faction), SIDENAMEBUFLEN);
    return sidename_buf[bufno++];
}

static const char *sideabkz(side * s, bool truename)
{
    static char sideabkz_buf[8];  /* STATIC_RESULT: used for return, not across calls */
    const faction *f = (s->stealthfaction
        && !truename) ? s->stealthfaction : s->faction;

    str_strlcpy(sideabkz_buf, itoa36(f->no), sizeof(sideabkz_buf));
    return sideabkz_buf;
}

void battle_message_faction(battle * b, faction * f, struct message *m)
{
    region *r = b->region;

    assert(f);
    if (f->battles == NULL || f->battles->r != r) {
        struct bmsg *bm = (struct bmsg *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct bmsg));
        assert(bm);
        bm->next = f->battles;
        f->battles = bm;
        bm->r = r;
    }
    add_message(&f->battles->msgs, m);
}

void message_all(battle * b, message * m)
{
    bfaction *bf;

    for (bf = b->factions; bf; bf = bf->next) {
        assert(bf->faction);
        battle_message_faction(b, bf->faction, m);
    }
}

static void fbattlerecord(battle * b, faction * f, const char *s)
{
    message *m = msg_message("battle_msg", "string", s);
    battle_message_faction(b, f, m);
    msg_release(m);
}

/* being an enemy or a friend is (and must always be!) symmetrical */
#define enemy_i(as, di) (as->relations[di]&E_ENEMY)
#define friendly_i(as, di) (as->relations[di]&E_FRIEND)
#define enemy(as, ds) (as->relations[ds->index]&E_ENEMY)
#define friendly(as, ds) (as->relations[ds->index]&E_FRIEND)

static bool set_enemy(side * as, side * ds, bool attacking)
{
    int i;
    assert(as && ds);
    for (i = 0; i != MAXSIDES; ++i) {
        if (ds->enemies[i] == NULL)
            ds->enemies[i] = as;
        if (ds->enemies[i] == as)
            break;
    }
    for (i = 0; i != MAXSIDES; ++i) {
        if (as->enemies[i] == NULL)
            as->enemies[i] = ds;
        if (as->enemies[i] == ds)
            break;
    }
    assert(i != MAXSIDES);
    if (attacking)
        as->relations[ds->index] |= E_ATTACKING;
    if ((ds->relations[as->index] & E_ENEMY) == 0) {
        /* enemy-relation are always symmetrical */
        assert((as->relations[ds->index] & (E_ENEMY | E_FRIEND)) == 0);
        ds->relations[as->index] |= E_ENEMY;
        as->relations[ds->index] |= E_ENEMY;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

static void set_friendly(side * as, side * ds)
{
    assert((as->relations[ds->index] & E_ENEMY) == 0);
    ds->relations[as->index] |= E_FRIEND;
    as->relations[ds->index] |= E_FRIEND;
}

static bool alliedside(const side * s, const faction * f, int mode)
{
    if (s->faction == f) {
        return true;
    }
    if (s->group) {
        return alliedgroup(s->faction, f, s->group, mode) != 0;
    }
    return alliedfaction(s->faction, f, mode) != 0;
}

static int dead_fighters(const fighter * df)
{
    return df->unit->number - df->alive - df->run.number;
}

fighter *select_corpse(battle * b, fighter * af)
/* Waehlt eine Leiche aus, der af hilft. casualties ist die Anzahl der
 * Toten auf allen Seiten (im Array). Wenn af == NULL, wird die
 * Parteizugehoerigkeit ignoriert, und irgendeine Leiche genommen.
 *
 * Untote werden nicht ausgewaehlt (casualties, not dead) */
{
    int si, maxcasualties = 0;
    fighter *df;

    for (si = 0; si != b->nsides; ++si) {
        side *s = b->sides + si;
        if (af == NULL || (!enemy_i(af->side, si) && alliedside(af->side, s->faction, HELP_FIGHT))) {
            maxcasualties += s->casualties;
        }
    }
    if (maxcasualties > 0) {
        int di = (int)(rng_int() % maxcasualties);
        side *s;
        for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
            for (df = s->fighters; df; df = df->next) {
                /* Geflohene haben auch 0 hp, duerfen hier aber nicht ausgewaehlt
                 * werden! */
                int dead = dead_fighters(df);
                const race *rc = u_race(df->unit);
                /* Untote sinc f�r immer tot */
                if (!undeadrace(rc)) {
                    if (af && !helping(af->side, df->side))
                        continue;
                    if (di < dead) {
                        return df;
                    }
                    di -= dead;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

bool helping(const side * as, const side * ds)
{
    if (as->faction == ds->faction)
        return true;
    return (!enemy(as, ds) && alliedside(as, ds->faction, HELP_FIGHT));
}

int statusrow(int status)
{
    switch (status) {
    case ST_AGGRO:
    case ST_FIGHT:
        return FIGHT_ROW;
    case ST_BEHIND:
    case ST_CHICKEN:
        return BEHIND_ROW;
    case ST_AVOID:
        return AVOID_ROW;
    case ST_FLEE:
        return FLEE_ROW;
    default:
        assert(!"unknown combatrow");
    }
    return FIGHT_ROW;
}

static double hpflee(int status)
/* if hp drop below this percentage, run away */
{
    switch (status) {
    case ST_AGGRO:
        return 0.0;
    case ST_FIGHT:
    case ST_BEHIND:
        return 0.2;
    case ST_CHICKEN:
    case ST_AVOID:
        return 0.9;
    case ST_FLEE:
        return 1.0;
    default:
        assert(!"unknown combatrow");
    }
    return 0.0;
}

static int get_row(const side * s, int row, const side * vs)
{
    bool counted[MAXSIDES];
    int enemyfront = 0;
    int line, result;
    int retreat = 0;
    int size[NUMROWS];
    battle *b = s->battle;

    memset(counted, 0, sizeof(counted));
    memset(size, 0, sizeof(size));
    for (line = FIRST_ROW; line != NUMROWS; ++line) {
        int si, sa_i;
        /* how many enemies are there in this row? */
        for (si = 0; s->enemies[si]; ++si) {
            side *se = s->enemies[si];
            if (se->size[line] > 0) {
                enemyfront += se->size[line];
                /* - s->nonblockers[line] (nicht, weil angreifer) */
            }
        }
        for (sa_i = 0; sa_i != b->nsides; ++sa_i) {
            side *sa = b->sides + sa_i;
            /* count people that like me, but don't like my enemy */
            if (friendly_i(s, sa_i) && enemy_i(vs, sa_i)) {
                if (!counted[sa_i]) {
                    int i;

                    for (i = 0; i != NUMROWS; ++i) {
                        size[i] += sa->size[i] - sa->nonblockers[i];
                    }
                    counted[sa_i] = true;
                }
            }
        }
        if (enemyfront)
            break;
    }
    if (enemyfront) {
        int front = 0;
        for (line = FIRST_ROW; line != NUMROWS; ++line) {
            front += size[line];
            if (!front || front < enemyfront / ROW_FACTOR)
                ++retreat;
            else if (front)
                break;
        }
    }

    /* every entry in the size[] array means someone trying to defend us.
     * 'retreat' is the number of rows falling.
     */
    result = row - retreat;
    if (result < FIRST_ROW) result = FIRST_ROW;

    return result;
}

int get_unitrow(const fighter * af, const side * vs)
{
    int row = statusrow(af->status);
    if (vs == NULL) {
        int i;
        for (i = FIGHT_ROW; i != row; ++i) {
            if (af->side->size[i]) {
                break;
            }
        }
        return FIGHT_ROW + (row - i);
    }
    return get_row(af->side, row, vs);
}

static void reportcasualties(battle * b, fighter * fig, int dead)
{
    struct message *m;
    region *r = NULL;
    if (fig->alive == fig->unit->number)
        return;
    m = msg_message("casualties", "unit runto run alive fallen",
        fig->unit, r, fig->run.number, fig->alive, dead);
    message_all(b, m);
    msg_release(m);
}

static bool
contest_classic(int skilldiff, const armor_type * ar, const armor_type * sh)
{
    int p, vw = BASE_CHANCE - TDIFF_CHANGE * skilldiff;
    double mod = 1.0;

    if (ar != NULL)
        mod *= (1 + ar->penalty);
    if (sh != NULL)
        mod *= (1 + sh->penalty);
    vw = (int)(100.0 - ((100.0 - (double)vw) * mod));

    do {
        p = (int)(rng_int() % 100);
        vw -= p;
    } while (vw >= 0 && p >= 90);
    return (vw <= 0);
}

/** new rule for Eressea 1.5
 * \param skilldiff - the attack skill with every modifier applied
 */
static bool
contest_new(int skilldiff, const troop dt, const armor_type * ar,
    const armor_type * sh)
{
    double tohit = 0.5 + skilldiff * 0.1;

    UNUSED_ARG(sh);
    UNUSED_ARG(ar);
    if (tohit < 0.5)
        tohit = 0.5;
    if (chance(tohit)) {
        int defense = effskill(dt.fighter->unit, SK_STAMINA, dt.fighter->unit->region);
        double tosave = defense * 0.05;
        return !chance(tosave);
    }
    return false;
}

static bool
contest(int skdiff, const troop dt, const armor_type * ar,
    const armor_type * sh)
{
    if (skill_formula == FORMULA_ORIG) {
        return contest_classic(skdiff, ar, sh);
    }
    else {
        return contest_new(skdiff, dt, ar, sh);
    }
}

static bool is_riding(const troop t)
{
    if (t.fighter->building != NULL)
        return false;
    if (t.fighter->horses + t.fighter->elvenhorses > t.index)
        return true;
    return false;
}

static const weapon *preferred_weapon(const troop t, bool attacking)
{
    const weapon *missile = t.fighter->person[t.index].missile;
    const weapon *melee = t.fighter->person[t.index].melee;
    if (!melee) {
        return missile;
    }
    if (missile) {
        if (attacking) {
            if (missile && missile->attackskill > melee->attackskill) {
                return missile;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (missile && missile->defenseskill > melee->defenseskill) {
                return missile;
            }
        }
    }
    return melee;
}

const struct weapon *select_weapon(const troop t, bool attacking, bool ismissile)
/* select the primary weapon for this trooper */
{
    const weapon *w = NULL;
    if (attacking) {
        if (ismissile) {
            /* from the back rows, have to use your missile weapon */
            w = t.fighter->person[t.index].missile;
        }
    }
    else {
        if (!ismissile) {
            /* have to use your melee weapon if it's melee */
            w = t.fighter->person[t.index].melee;
        }
    }
    if (!w) {
        w = preferred_weapon(t, attacking);
    }
    return w;
}

static bool i_canuse(const unit * u, const item_type * itype)
{
    return rc_can_use(u_race(u), itype);
}

static int
weapon_skill(const weapon_type * wtype, const unit * u, bool attacking)
/* the 'pure' skill when using this weapon to attack or defend.
 * only undiscriminate modifiers (not affected by troops or enemies)
 * are taken into account, e.g. no horses, magic, etc. */
{
    int skill;
    const race * rc = u_race(u);

    if (wtype == NULL) {
        skill = effskill(u, SK_WEAPONLESS, NULL);
        int def = attacking ? rc->at_default : rc->df_default;
        if (skill <= 0) {
            /* wenn kein waffenloser kampf, dann den rassen-defaultwert */
            if (rc == get_race(RC_ORC)) {
                int sword = effskill(u, SK_MELEE, NULL);
                int spear = effskill(u, SK_SPEAR, NULL);
                skill = ((sword > spear) ? sword : spear) - 3;
            }
        }
        if (def > skill) skill = def;
        if (attacking) {
            skill += rc->at_bonus;
            if (fval(u->region->terrain, SEA_REGION) && u->ship)
                skill += u->ship->type->at_bonus;
        }
        else {
            skill += rc->df_bonus;
            if (fval(u->region->terrain, SEA_REGION) && u->ship)
                skill += u->ship->type->df_bonus;
        }
    }
    else {
        /* changed: if we own a weapon, we have at least a skill of 0 */
        if (!i_canuse(u, wtype->itype))
            return -1;
        skill = effskill(u, wtype->skill, NULL);
        if (skill > 0) {
            if (attacking) {
                skill += rc->at_bonus;
            }
            else {
                skill += rc->df_bonus;
            }
        }
        if (attacking) {
            skill += wtype->offmod;
        }
        else {
            skill += wtype->defmod;
        }
    }

    return skill;
}

static int CavalrySkill(void)
{
    return rule_cavalry_skill;
}

#define BONUS_SKILL 1
#define BONUS_DAMAGE 2
static int CavalryBonus(const unit * u, troop enemy, int type)
{
    if (rule_cavalry_mode == 0) {
        /* old rule, Eressea 1.0 compat */
        return (type == BONUS_SKILL) ? 2 : 0;
    }
    else {
        /* new rule, chargers in Eressea 1.1 */
        int skl = effskill(u, SK_RIDING, NULL);
        /* only half against trolls */
        if (skl > 0) {
            if (type == BONUS_SKILL) {
                int dmg = (skl < 8) ? skl : 8;
                if (u_race(enemy.fighter->unit) == get_race(RC_TROLL)) {
                    dmg = dmg / 4;
                }
                else {
                    dmg = dmg / 2;
                }
                return dmg;
            }
            else {
                skl = skl / 2;
                if (skl > 4) skl = 4;
                return skl;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Effektiver Waffenskill waehrend des Kampfes.
 */
static int
weapon_effskill(troop t, troop enemy, const weapon * w,
    bool attacking, bool missile)
{
    fighter *tf = t.fighter;
    unit *tu = t.fighter->unit;
    /* Alle Modifier berechnen, die fig durch die Waffen bekommt. */
    if (w && w->item.type) {
        int skill = 0;
        const weapon_type *wtype = resource2weapon(w->item.type->rtype);

        if (attacking) {
            skill = w->attackskill;
        }
        else {
            skill = w->defenseskill;
        }
        if (wtype->modifiers != NULL) {
            /* Pferdebonus, Lanzenbonus, usw. */
            const race *rc = u_race(tu);
            int m;
            unsigned int flags =
                WMF_SKILL | (attacking ? WMF_OFFENSIVE : WMF_DEFENSIVE);

            if (is_riding(t))
                flags |= WMF_RIDING;
            else
                flags |= WMF_WALKING;
            if (is_riding(enemy))
                flags |= WMF_AGAINST_RIDING;
            else
                flags |= WMF_AGAINST_WALKING;

            for (m = 0; wtype->modifiers[m].value; ++m) {
                if ((wtype->modifiers[m].flags & flags) == flags) {
                    int mask = wtype->modifiers[m].race_mask;
                    if ((mask == 0) || (mask & rc->mask_item)) {
                        skill += wtype->modifiers[m].value;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        /* Burgenbonus, Pferdebonus */
        if (is_riding(t) && (wtype == NULL || (fval(wtype, WTF_HORSEBONUS)
            && !fval(wtype, WTF_MISSILE)))) {
            skill += CavalryBonus(tu, enemy, BONUS_SKILL);
        }

        if (t.index < tf->elvenhorses) {
            /* Elfenpferde: Helfen dem Reiter, egal ob und welche Waffe. Das ist
             * eleganter, und vor allem einfacher, sonst muss man noch ein
             * WMF_ELVENHORSE einbauen. */
            skill += 2;
        }

        if (skill > 0 && !attacking && missile) {
            /*
             * Wenn ich verteidige, und nicht direkt meinem Feind gegenueberstehe,
             * halbiert sich mein Skill: (z.B. gegen Fernkaempfer. Nahkaempfer
             * koennen mich eh nicht treffen)
             */
            skill /= 2;
        }
        return skill;
    }
    /* no weapon: fight weaponless */
    return weapon_skill(NULL, tu, attacking);
}

const armor_type *select_armor(troop t, bool shield)
{
    unsigned int type = shield ? ATF_SHIELD : 0;
    unit *u = t.fighter->unit;
    const armor *a = t.fighter->armors;
    int geschuetzt = 0;

    /* some monsters should not use armor (dragons in chainmail? ha!) */
    if (!(u_race(u)->battle_flags & BF_EQUIPMENT))
        return NULL;

    /* ... neither do werewolves */
    if (fval(u, UFL_WERE)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    for (; a; a = a->next) {
        if ((a->atype->flags & ATF_SHIELD) == type) {
            geschuetzt += a->count;
            if (geschuetzt > t.index) {
                /* unser Kandidat wird geschuetzt */
                return a->atype;
            }
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

/* Hier ist zu beachten, ob und wie sich Zauber und Artefakte, die
 * Ruestungschutz geben, addieren.
 * - Artefakt "trollbelt" gibt Ruestung +1
 * - Zauber Rindenhaut gibt Ruestung +3
 */
static int trollbelts(const unit *u) {
    const struct resource_type *belt = rt_find("trollbelt");
    return belt ? i_get(u->items, belt->itype) : 0;
}

int select_magicarmor(troop t)
{
    unit *u = t.fighter->unit;
    int ma = 0;

    if (trollbelts(u) > t.index)     /* unser Kandidat wird geschuetzt */
        ma += 1;

    return ma;
}

int meffect_apply(struct meffect *me, int damage) {
    assert(0 <= damage); /* damage sollte hier immer mindestens 0 sein */
    /* jeder Schaden wird um effect% reduziert bis der Schild duration
     * Trefferpunkte aufgefangen hat */
    if (me->typ == SHIELD_REDUCE && me->effect <= 100) {
        int hp = damage * me->effect / 100;
        if (hp > me->duration) {
            hp = me->duration;
        }
        damage -= hp;
        me->duration -= hp;
    }
    /* gibt Ruestung +effect fuer duration Treffer */
    else if (me->typ == SHIELD_ARMOR) {
        damage -= me->effect;
        if (damage < 0) damage = 0;
        me->duration--;
    }
    return damage;
}

/* Sind side ds und Magier des meffect verbuendet? */
bool meffect_protection(battle * b, meffect * s, side * ds)
{
    UNUSED_ARG(b);
    if (!s->magician->alive)
        return false;
    if (s->duration <= 0)
        return false;
    if (enemy(s->magician->side, ds))
        return false;
    if (alliedside(s->magician->side, ds->faction, HELP_FIGHT))
        return true;
    return false;
}

/* Sind side as und Magier des meffect verfeindet? */
bool meffect_blocked(battle * b, meffect * s, side * as)
{
    UNUSED_ARG(b);
    if (!s->magician->alive)
        return false;
    if (s->duration <= 0)
        return false;
    if (enemy(s->magician->side, as))
        return true;
    return false;
}

/* rmfighter wird schon im PRAECOMBAT gebraucht, da gibt es noch keine
 * troops */
void reduce_fighter(fighter * df, int i)
{
    side *ds = df->side;

    /* nicht mehr personen abziehen, als in der Einheit am Leben sind */
    assert(df->alive >= i);
    assert(df->alive <= df->unit->number);

    /* erst ziehen wir die Anzahl der Personen von den Kaempfern in der
     * Schlacht, dann von denen auf dieser Seite ab*/
    df->side->alive -= i;

    /* Dann die Kampfreihen aktualisieren */
    ds->size[SUM_ROW] -= i;
    ds->size[statusrow(df->status)] -= i;

    /* Spezialwirkungen, z.B. Schattenritter */
    if (u_race(df->unit)->battle_flags & BF_NOBLOCK) {
        ds->nonblockers[SUM_ROW] -= i;
        ds->nonblockers[statusrow(df->status)] -= i;
    }

    /* und die Einheit selbst aktualisieren */
    df->alive -= i;
}

void flee_all(fighter *fig)
{
    unit *u = fig->unit;
    fig->run.hp = u->hp;
    fig->run.number = u->number;
    fig->side->flee += u->number;
    setguard(u, false);
    reduce_fighter(fig, u->number);
}

static void rmtroop(troop dt)
{
    fighter *df = dt.fighter;

    /* troop ist immer eine einzelne Person */
    reduce_fighter(df, 1);

    assert(dt.index >= 0 && dt.index < df->unit->number);
    if (dt.index != df->alive - df->removed) {
        df->person[dt.index] = df->person[df->alive - df->removed];
    }
    if (df->removed) {
        df->person[df->alive - df->removed] = df->person[df->alive];
    }
    df->person[df->alive].hp = 0;
}

void remove_troop(troop dt)
{
    fighter *df = dt.fighter;
    struct person p = df->person[dt.index];

    ++df->removed;
    ++df->side->removed;
    df->person[dt.index] = df->person[df->alive - df->removed];
    df->person[df->alive - df->removed] = p;
}

void kill_troop(troop dt)
{
    fighter *df = dt.fighter;
    unit *du = df->unit;

    rmtroop(dt);
    if (!df->alive) {
        char eqname[64];
        const race *rc = u_race(du);
        item *drops = item_spoil(rc, du->number - df->run.number);
        if (drops != NULL) {
            i_merge(&du->items, &drops);
        }
        sprintf(eqname, "spo_%s", rc->_name);
        equip_unit_mask(du, eqname, EQUIP_ITEMS);
    }
}

/** reduces the target's exp by an equivalent of n points learning
 * 30 points = 1 week
 */
void drain_exp(struct unit *u, int n)
{
    skill_t sk = (skill_t)(rng_int() % MAXSKILLS);
    skill_t ssk;

    /* TODO (enno): we can use u->skill_size to find a random skill */
    ssk = sk;
    while (get_level(u, sk) == 0) {
        sk++;
        if (sk == MAXSKILLS)
            sk = 0;
        if (sk == ssk) {
            sk = NOSKILL;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (sk != NOSKILL) {
        change_skill_days(u, sk, -n);
    }
}

static void vampirism(troop at, int damage)
{
    const unit *au = at.fighter->unit;

    if (u_race(au) == get_race(RC_DAEMON)) {
        if (rule_vampire > 0) {
            int gain = damage / rule_vampire;
            int chance = damage - rule_vampire * gain;
            if (chance > 0 && (rng_int() % rule_vampire < chance))
                ++gain;
            if (gain > 0) {
                int maxhp = unit_max_hp(at.fighter->unit);

                gain += at.fighter->person[at.index].hp;
                if (maxhp > gain) maxhp = gain;
                at.fighter->person[at.index].hp = maxhp;
            }
        }
    }
}

static void ship_damage(int turn, unit *du) {
    if (turn > 1) {
        /* someone on the ship got damaged, damage the ship */
        ship *sh = du->ship ? du->ship : leftship(du);
        if (sh)
            fset(sh, SF_DAMAGED);
    }
}

#define MAXRACES 128

int natural_armor(unit * du)
{
    const race *rc = u_race(du);
    int an;

    assert(rc);
    an = rc_armor_bonus(rc);
    if (an > 0) {
        int sk = effskill(du, SK_STAMINA, NULL);
        return rc->armor + sk / an;
    }
    return rc->armor;
}

static int rc_specialdamage(const unit *au, const unit *du, const struct weapon_type *wtype)
{
    const race *ar = u_race(au);
    int modifier = 0;
    if (wtype != NULL) {
        if (fval(u_race(du), RCF_DRAGON)) {
            static int cache;
            static const race *rc_halfling;
            if (rc_changed(&cache)) {
                rc_halfling = get_race(RC_HALFLING);
            }
            if (ar == rc_halfling) {
                modifier += 5;
            }
        }
        if (wtype->modifiers != NULL) {
            int m;
            for (m = 0; wtype->modifiers[m].value; ++m) {
                /* weapon damage for this weapon, possibly by race */
                if (wtype->modifiers[m].flags & WMF_DAMAGE) {
                    int mask = wtype->modifiers[m].race_mask;
                    if ((mask == 0) || (mask & ar->mask_item)) {
                        modifier += wtype->modifiers[m].value;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return modifier;
}

int calculate_armor(troop dt, const weapon_type *dwtype, const weapon_type *awtype,
    const armor_type *armor, const armor_type *shield, bool magic) {

    const fighter *df = dt.fighter;
    unit *du = df->unit;
    int total_armor = 0, nat_armor, magic_armor;
    bool missile = awtype && (awtype->flags&WTF_MISSILE);

    if (armor) {
        total_armor += armor->prot;
        if (missile && armor->projectile > 0 && chance(armor->projectile)) {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    if (shield) {
        total_armor += shield->prot;
        if (missile && shield->projectile > 0 && chance(shield->projectile)) {
            return -1;
        }
    }

    if (magic) {
        /* gegen Magie wirkt nur natuerliche und magische Ruestung */
        total_armor = 0;
    }

    /* natuerliche Ruestung */
    nat_armor = natural_armor(du);

    /* magische Ruestung durch Artefakte oder Sprueche */
    /* Momentan nur Trollguertel und Werwolf-Eigenschaft */
    magic_armor = select_magicarmor(dt);

    if (rule_nat_armor == 0) {
        /* natuerliche Ruestung ist halbkumulativ */
        if (total_armor > 0) {
            total_armor += nat_armor / 2;
        }
        else {
            total_armor = nat_armor;
        }
    }
    else {
        /* use the higher value, add half the other value */
        total_armor = (total_armor > nat_armor) ? (total_armor + nat_armor / 2) : (nat_armor + total_armor / 2);
    }

    if (awtype && fval(awtype, WTF_ARMORPIERCING)) {
        /* crossbows */
        total_armor /= 2;
    }

    total_armor += magic_armor;

    assert(total_armor >= 0 || !"armor < 0 means hit denied");

    return total_armor;
}

int apply_resistance(int damage, troop dt, const weapon_type *dwtype, const armor_type *armor, const armor_type *shield, bool magic) {
    const fighter *df = dt.fighter;
    unit *du = df->unit;
    
    if (!magic)
        return damage;

    /* calculate damage multiplier for magical damage */
    variant resistance_factor = frac_sub(frac_one, magic_resistance(du));

    if (u_race(du)->battle_flags & BF_EQUIPMENT) {
        /* der Effekt von Laen steigt nicht linear */
        if (armor && fval(armor, ATF_LAEN)) {
            resistance_factor = frac_mul(resistance_factor, frac_sub(frac_one, armor->magres));
        }
        if (shield && fval(shield, ATF_LAEN)) {
            resistance_factor = frac_mul(resistance_factor, frac_sub(frac_one, shield->magres));
        }
        if (dwtype) {
            resistance_factor = frac_mul(resistance_factor, frac_sub(frac_one, dwtype->magres));
        }
    }
    if (resistance_factor.sa[0] <= 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    variant reduced_damage = frac_mul(frac_make(damage, 1), resistance_factor);
    return reduced_damage.sa[0] / reduced_damage.sa[1];

}

static bool resurrect_troop(troop dt)
{
    fighter *df = dt.fighter;
    unit *du = df->unit;
    if (oldpotiontype[P_HEAL] && !fval(&df->person[dt.index], FL_HEALING_USED)) {
        if (i_get(du->items, oldpotiontype[P_HEAL]) > 0) {
            fset(&df->person[dt.index], FL_HEALING_USED);
            i_change(&du->items, oldpotiontype[P_HEAL], -1);
            df->person[dt.index].hp = u_race(du)->hitpoints * 5; /* give the person a buffer */
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static void demon_dazzle(fighter *af, troop dt) {
    const fighter *df = dt.fighter;
    if (u_race(af->unit) == get_race(RC_DAEMON)) {
        if (!(df->person[dt.index].flags & (FL_COURAGE | FL_DAZZLED))) {
            df->person[dt.index].flags |= FL_DAZZLED;
            df->person[dt.index].defense--;
        }
    }
}

static bool survives(fighter *af, troop dt, battle *b) {
    const unit *du = af->unit;
    const fighter *df = dt.fighter;

    if (df->person[dt.index].hp > 0) {    /* Hat ueberlebt */
        demon_dazzle(af, dt);

        return true;
    }

    /* Sieben Leben */
    if (u_race(du) == get_race(RC_CAT) && (chance(1.0 / 7))) {
        df->person[dt.index].hp = unit_max_hp(du);
        return true;
    }

    /* healing potions can avert a killing blow */
    if (resurrect_troop(dt)) {
        message *m = msg_message("potionsave", "unit", du);
        battle_message_faction(b, du->faction, m);
        msg_release(m);
        return true;
    }

    return false;
}


static void calculate_defense_type(troop at, troop dt, int type, bool missile,
    const weapon_type **dwtype, int *defskill)
{
    const weapon *weapon;
    weapon = select_weapon(dt, false, true);      /* missile=true to get the unmodified best weapon she has */
    *defskill = weapon_effskill(dt, at, weapon, false, false);
    if (weapon != NULL)
        *dwtype = WEAPON_TYPE(weapon);
}

static void calculate_attack_type(troop at, troop dt, int type, bool missile,
    const weapon_type **awtype, int *attskill, bool *magic) {
    const weapon *weapon;

    switch (type) {
    case AT_STANDARD:
        weapon = select_weapon(at, true, missile);
        *attskill = weapon_effskill(at, dt, weapon, true, missile);
        if (weapon)
            *awtype = WEAPON_TYPE(weapon);
        if (*awtype && fval(*awtype, WTF_MAGICAL))
            *magic = true;
        break;
    case AT_NATURAL:
        *attskill = weapon_effskill(at, dt, NULL, true, missile);
        break;
    case AT_SPELL:
    case AT_COMBATSPELL:
        *magic = true;
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}

static int crit_damage(int attskill, int defskill, const char *damage_formula) {
    int damage = 0;
    if (rule_damage & DAMAGE_CRITICAL) {
        double kritchance = ((double)attskill * 3.0 - (double)defskill) / 200.0;
        int maxk = 4;

        kritchance = fmax(kritchance, 0.005);
        kritchance = fmin(0.9, kritchance);

        while (maxk-- && chance(kritchance)) {
            damage += dice_rand(damage_formula);
        }
    }
    return damage;
}

static int apply_race_resistance(int reduced_damage, fighter *df,
    const weapon_type *awtype, bool magic) {
    unit *du = df->unit;

    if ((u_race(du)->battle_flags & BF_INV_NONMAGIC) && !magic)
        reduced_damage = 0;
    else {
        unsigned int i = 0;

        if (u_race(du)->battle_flags & BF_RES_PIERCE)
            i |= WTF_PIERCE;
        if (u_race(du)->battle_flags & BF_RES_CUT)
            i |= WTF_CUT;
        if (u_race(du)->battle_flags & BF_RES_BASH)
            i |= WTF_BLUNT;

        if (i && awtype && fval(awtype, i))
            reduced_damage /= 2;
    }
    return reduced_damage;
}

static int apply_magicshield(int damage, fighter *df,
    const weapon_type *awtype, battle *b, bool magic) {
    side *ds = df->side;
    selist *ql;
    int qi;

    if (damage <= 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* Schilde */
    for (qi = 0, ql = b->meffects; ql; selist_advance(&ql, &qi, 1)) {
        meffect *me = (meffect *)selist_get(ql, qi);
        if (meffect_protection(b, me, ds) != 0) {
            damage = meffect_apply(me, damage);
        }
    }
    
    return damage;
}

bool
terminate(troop dt, troop at, int type, const char *damage_formula, bool missile)
{
    fighter *df = dt.fighter;
    fighter *af = at.fighter;
    unit *au = af->unit;
    unit *du = df->unit;
    battle *b = df->side->battle;
    int armor_value;
    const weapon_type *dwtype = NULL;
    const weapon_type *awtype = NULL;
    const armor_type *armor = NULL;
    const armor_type *shield = NULL;
    int reduced_damage, attskill = 0, defskill = 0;
    bool magic = false;
    
    int damage = dice_rand(damage_formula);
    
    assert(du->number > 0);
    ++at.fighter->hits;
    
    calculate_attack_type(at, dt, type, missile, &awtype, &attskill, &magic);
    calculate_defense_type(at, dt, type, missile, &dwtype, &defskill);
    
    if (is_riding(at) && (awtype == NULL || (fval(awtype, WTF_HORSEBONUS)
        && !fval(awtype, WTF_MISSILE)))) {
        damage += CavalryBonus(au, dt, BONUS_DAMAGE);
    }

    armor = select_armor(dt, false);
    shield = select_armor(dt, true);

    armor_value = calculate_armor(dt, dwtype, awtype, armor, shield, magic);
    if (armor_value < 0) {
        return false;
    }

    damage = apply_resistance(damage, dt, dwtype, armor, shield, magic);

    if (type != AT_COMBATSPELL && type != AT_SPELL) {
        damage += crit_damage(attskill, defskill, damage_formula);

        damage += rc_specialdamage(au, du, awtype);

        if (awtype == NULL || !fval(awtype, WTF_MISSILE)) {
            /* melee bonus */
            damage += af->person[at.index].damage;
        }

        /* Skilldifferenzbonus */
        if (rule_damage & DAMAGE_SKILL_BONUS) {
            int b = (attskill - defskill) / DAMAGE_QUOTIENT;
            if (b > 0) damage += b;
        }
    }

    reduced_damage = damage - armor_value;
    if (reduced_damage < 0) reduced_damage = 0;

    reduced_damage = apply_race_resistance(reduced_damage, df, awtype, magic);
    reduced_damage = apply_magicshield(reduced_damage, df, awtype, b, magic);

    assert(dt.index >= 0 && dt.index < du->number);
    if (reduced_damage > 0) {
        df->person[dt.index].hp -= reduced_damage;

        vampirism(at, reduced_damage);

        ship_damage(b->turn, du);
    }

    if (survives(af, dt, b))
        return false;

    ++at.fighter->kills;

    kill_troop(dt);

    return true;
}

static int
count_side(const side * s, const side * vs, int minrow, int maxrow, int select)
{
    fighter *fig;
    int people = 0;
    int unitrow[NUMROWS];

    if (maxrow < FIGHT_ROW)
        return 0;
    if (select & SELECT_ADVANCE) {
        memset(unitrow, -1, sizeof(unitrow));
    }

    for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
        if (fig->alive - fig->removed > 0) {
            int row = statusrow(fig->status);
            if (select & SELECT_ADVANCE) {
                if (unitrow[row] == -1) {
                    unitrow[row] = get_unitrow(fig, vs);
                }
                row = unitrow[row];
            }
            if (row >= minrow && row <= maxrow) {
                people += fig->alive - fig->removed;
                if (people > 0 && (select & SELECT_FIND))
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
    return people;
}

/* return the number of live allies warning: this function only considers
* troops that are still alive, not those that are still fighting although
* dead. */
int
count_allies(const side * as, int minrow, int maxrow, int select, int allytype)
{
    battle *b = as->battle;
    side *ds;
    int count = 0;

    for (ds = b->sides; ds != b->sides + b->nsides; ++ds) {
        if ((allytype == ALLY_ANY && helping(as, ds)) || (allytype == ALLY_SELF
            && as->faction == ds->faction)) {
            count += count_side(ds, NULL, minrow, maxrow, select);
            if (count > 0 && (select & SELECT_FIND))
                break;
        }
    }
    return count;
}

static int
count_enemies_i(battle * b, const fighter * af, int minrow, int maxrow,
    int select)
{
    side *es, *as = af->side;
    int i = 0;

    for (es = b->sides; es != b->sides + b->nsides; ++es) {
        if (as == NULL || enemy(es, as)) {
            int offset = 0;
            if (select & SELECT_DISTANCE) {
                offset = get_unitrow(af, es) - FIGHT_ROW;
            }
            i += count_side(es, as, minrow - offset, maxrow - offset, select);
            if (i > 0 && (select & SELECT_FIND))
                break;
        }
    }
    return i;
}

int
count_enemies(battle *b, const fighter *af, int minrow, int maxrow,
    int select)
{
    if (maxrow >= FIRST_ROW) {
        return count_enemies_i(b, af, minrow, maxrow, select);
    }
    return 0;
}

troop select_enemy(fighter * af, int minrow, int maxrow, int select)
{
    side *as = af->side;
    battle *b = as->battle;
    int si, selected;
    int enemies;
#ifdef DEBUG_SELECT
    troop result = no_troop;
#endif
    if (u_race(af->unit)->flags & RCF_FLY) {
        /* flying races ignore min- and maxrow and can attack anyone fighting
         * them */
        minrow = FIGHT_ROW;
        if (maxrow < BEHIND_ROW) maxrow = BEHIND_ROW;
    }

    if (minrow < FIGHT_ROW) minrow = FIGHT_ROW;

    enemies = count_enemies(b, af, minrow, maxrow, select);

    /* Niemand ist in der angegebenen Entfernung? */
    if (enemies <= 0)
        return no_troop;

    selected = (int)(rng_int() % enemies);
    for (si = 0; as->enemies[si]; ++si) {
        side *ds = as->enemies[si];
        fighter *df;
        int unitrow[NUMROWS] = { 0 };
        int offset = 0;

        if (select & SELECT_DISTANCE)
            offset = get_unitrow(af, ds) - FIGHT_ROW;

        for (df = ds->fighters; df; df = df->next) {
            int dr;

            dr = statusrow(df->status);
            if (select & SELECT_ADVANCE) {
                if (unitrow[dr] == 0) {
                    unitrow[dr] = get_unitrow(df, as);
                }
                dr = unitrow[dr];
            }

            if (select & SELECT_DISTANCE)
                dr += offset;
            if (dr < minrow || dr > maxrow)
                continue;
            if (df->alive - df->removed > selected) {
#ifdef DEBUG_SELECT
                if (result.fighter == NULL) {
                    result.index = selected;
                    result.fighter = df;
                }
#else
                troop dt;
                dt.index = selected;
                dt.fighter = df;
                return dt;
#endif
            }
            selected -= (df->alive - df->removed);
            enemies -= (df->alive - df->removed);
        }
    }
    if (enemies != 0) {
        log_error("select_enemies has a bug.\n");
    }
#ifdef DEBUG_SELECT
    return result;
#else
    assert(!selected);
    return no_troop;
#endif
}

static int get_tactics(const side * as, const side * ds)
{
    battle *b = as->battle;
    side *stac;
    int result = 0;
    int defense = 0;

    if (b->max_tactics > 0) {
        for (stac = b->sides; stac != b->sides + b->nsides; ++stac) {
            if (result < b->max_tactics && stac->leader.value > result && helping(stac, as)) {
                if (ds == NULL || !helping(stac, ds)) {
                    result = stac->leader.value;
                }
            }
            if (ds && defense < b->max_tactics && stac->leader.value > defense && helping(stac, ds)) {
                if (!helping(stac, as)) {
                    defense = stac->leader.value;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return result - defense;
}

double tactics_chance(const unit *u, int skilldiff) {
    double tacch = 0.1 * skilldiff;
    if (fval(u->region->terrain, SEA_REGION)) {
        const ship *sh = u->ship;
        if (sh) {
            tacch *= sh->type->tac_bonus;
        }
    }
    return tacch;
}

static troop select_opponent(battle * b, troop at, int mindist, int maxdist)
{
    fighter *af = at.fighter;
    troop dt;

    if (u_race(af->unit)->flags & RCF_FLY) {
        /* flying races ignore min- and maxrow and can attack anyone fighting
         * them */
        dt = select_enemy(at.fighter, FIGHT_ROW, BEHIND_ROW, SELECT_ADVANCE);
    }
    else {
        if (mindist < FIGHT_ROW) mindist = FIGHT_ROW;
        dt = select_enemy(at.fighter, mindist, maxdist, SELECT_ADVANCE);
    }

    if (b->turn == 0 && dt.fighter) {
        if (rule_tactics_formula == 1) {
            int tactics = get_tactics(at.fighter->side, dt.fighter->side);

            /* percentage chance to get this attack */
            if (tactics > 0) {
                double tacch = tactics_chance(af->unit, tactics);
                if (!chance(tacch)) {
                    dt.fighter = NULL;
                }
            }
            else {
                dt.fighter = NULL;
            }
        }
    }

    return dt;
}

selist *select_fighters(battle * b, const side * vs, int mask, select_fun cb, void *cbdata)
{
    side *s;
    selist *fightervp = NULL;

    assert(vs != NULL);

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *fig;

        if (mask == FS_ENEMY) {
            if (!enemy(s, vs))
                continue;
        }
        else if (mask == FS_HELP) {
            if (enemy(s, vs) || !alliedside(s, vs->faction, HELP_FIGHT)) {
                continue;
            }
        }
        else {
            assert(mask == (FS_HELP | FS_ENEMY) || !"invalid alliance state");
        }
        for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
            if (cb(vs, fig, cbdata)) {
                selist_push(&fightervp, fig);
            }
        }
    }

    return fightervp;
}

struct selector {
    int minrow;
    int maxrow;
};

static bool select_row(const side *vs, const fighter *fig, void *cbdata)
{
    struct selector *sel = (struct selector *)cbdata;
    int row = get_unitrow(fig, vs);
    return (row >= sel->minrow && row <= sel->maxrow);
}

selist *fighters(battle * b, const side * vs, int minrow, int maxrow, int mask)
{
    struct selector sel = { .maxrow = maxrow, .minrow = minrow };
    return select_fighters(b, vs, mask, select_row, &sel);
}

static void report_failed_spell(struct battle * b, struct unit * mage, const struct spell *sp)
{
    message *m = msg_message("spell_failed", "unit spell", mage, sp);
    message_all(b, m);
    msg_release(m);
}

static castorder * create_castorder_combat(castorder *co, fighter *fig, const spell * sp, int level, double force) {
    co = create_castorder(co, fig->unit, 0, sp, fig->unit->region, level, force, 0, 0, 0);
    co->magician.fig = fig;
    return co;
}

static void summon_igjarjuk(battle *b, spellrank spellranks[]) {
    side *s;
    castorder *co;

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *fig = NULL;
        if (s->bf->attacker && fval(s->faction, FFL_CURSED)) {
            spell *sp = find_spell("igjarjuk");
            if (sp) {
                int si;
                for (si = 0; s->enemies[si]; ++si) {
                    side *se = s->enemies[si];
                    if (se && !fval(se->faction, FFL_NPC)) {
                        fighter *fi;
                        for (fi = se->fighters; fi; fi = fi->next) {
                            if (fi && (!fig || fig->unit->number > fi->unit->number)) {
                                fig = fi;
                                if (fig->unit->number == 1) {
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if (fig && fig->unit->number == 1) {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (fig) {
                    co = create_castorder_combat(0, fig, sp, 10, 10);
                    co->magician.fig = fig;
                    add_castorder(&spellranks[sp->rank], co);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void do_combatmagic(battle * b, combatmagic_t was)
{
    side *s;
    castorder *co;
    region *r = b->region;
    int level, rank, sl;
    spellrank spellranks[MAX_SPELLRANK];

    memset(spellranks, 0, sizeof(spellranks));

    if (rule_igjarjuk_curse && was == DO_PRECOMBATSPELL) {
        summon_igjarjuk(b, spellranks);
    }
    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *fig;
        for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
            unit *u = fig->unit;
            unit *caster = u;

            if (fig->alive <= 0)
                continue;               /* fighter kann im Kampf getoetet worden sein */

            level = effskill(u, SK_MAGIC, r);
            if (level > 0) {
                double power;
                const spell *sp;
                const struct locale *lang = u->faction->locale;
                order *ord;

                switch (was) {
                case DO_PRECOMBATSPELL:
                    sp = mage_get_combatspell(get_mage(u), 0, &sl);
                    break;
                case DO_POSTCOMBATSPELL:
                    sp = mage_get_combatspell(get_mage(u), 2, &sl);
                    break;
                default:
                    /* Fehler! */
                    return;
                }
                if (sp == NULL || !u_hasspell(u, sp))
                    continue;

                level = max_spell_level(u, caster, sp, level, 1, NULL);
                if (sl > 0 && sl < level) {
                    level = sl;
                }
                if (level < 1) {
                    report_failed_spell(b, u, sp);
                    continue;
                }

                ord = create_order(K_CAST, lang, "'%s'", spell_name(mkname_spell(sp), lang));
                power = spellpower(r, u, sp, level);
                free_order(ord);
                if (power <= 0) {       /* Effekt von Antimagie */
                    report_failed_spell(b, u, sp);
                    pay_spell(u, NULL, sp, level, 1);
                }
                else if (fumble(r, u, sp, level)) {
                    report_failed_spell(b, u, sp);
                    pay_spell(u, NULL, sp, level, 1);
                }
                else {
                    co = create_castorder_combat(0, fig, sp, level, power);
                    add_castorder(&spellranks[sp->rank], co);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for (rank = 0; rank < MAX_SPELLRANK; rank++) {
        for (co = spellranks[rank].begin; co; co = co->next) {
            fighter *fig = co->magician.fig;
            const spell *sp = co->sp;

            level = cast_spell(co);
            if (level > 0) {
                pay_spell(fig->unit, NULL, sp, level, 1);
            }
        }
    }
    for (rank = 0; rank < MAX_SPELLRANK; rank++) {
        free_castorders(spellranks[rank].begin);
    }
}

static int cast_combatspell(troop at, const spell * sp, int level, double force)
{
    castorder co;

    create_castorder_combat(&co, at.fighter, sp, level, force);
    level = cast_spell(&co);
    free_castorder(&co);
    if (level > 0) {
        pay_spell(at.fighter->unit, NULL, sp, level, 1);
    }
    return level;
}

static void do_combatspell(troop at)
{
    const spell *sp;
    fighter *fi = at.fighter;
    unit *u = fi->unit;
    battle *b = fi->side->battle;
    region *r = b->region;
    selist *ql;
    int level, qi, sl;
    double power;
    int fumblechance = 0;
    struct sc_mage *mage = get_mage(u);

    if (!mage) {
        fi->magic = 0;              /* Hat keinen Kampfzauber, kaempft nichtmagisch weiter */
        return;
    }
    sp = mage_get_combatspell(mage, 1, &sl);
    if (sp == NULL || !u_hasspell(u, sp)) {
        fi->magic = 0;              /* Hat keinen Kampfzauber, kaempft nichtmagisch weiter */
        return;
    }
    level = max_spell_level(u, u, sp, fi->magic, 1, NULL);
    if (level < 1) {
        fi->magic = 0;              /* Kann nicht mehr Zaubern, kaempft nichtmagisch weiter */
        return;
    }
    else if (sl > 0 && sl < level) {
        level = sl;
    }
    if (fumble(r, u, sp, level)) {
        report_failed_spell(b, u, sp);
        pay_spell(u, NULL, sp, level, 1);
        return;
    }

    for (qi = 0, ql = b->meffects; ql; selist_advance(&ql, &qi, 1)) {
        meffect *mblock = (meffect *)selist_get(ql, qi);
        if (mblock->typ == SHIELD_BLOCK) {
            if (meffect_blocked(b, mblock, fi->side) != 0) {
                fumblechance += mblock->duration;
                mblock->duration -= mblock->effect;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Antimagie die Fehlschlag erhoeht */
    if (rng_int() % 100 < fumblechance) {
        report_failed_spell(b, u, sp);
        pay_spell(u, NULL, sp, level, 1);
        return;
    }
    power = spellpower(r, u, sp, level);
    if (power <= 0) {             /* Effekt von Antimagie */
        report_failed_spell(b, u, sp);
        pay_spell(u, NULL, sp, level, 1);
        return;
    }

    level = cast_combatspell(at, sp, level, power);
}

/* Sonderattacken: Monster patzern nicht und zahlen auch keine
 * Spruchkosten. Da die Spruchstaerke direkt durch den Level bestimmt
 * wird, wirkt auch keine Antimagie (wird sonst in spellpower
 * gemacht) */

static void do_extra_spell(troop at, const att * a)
{
    const spell *sp = spellref_get(a->data.sp);

    if (!sp) {
        log_error("no such spell: '%s'", a->data.sp->_name);
    }
    else {
        assert(a->level > 0);
        cast_combatspell(at, sp, a->level, a->level);
    }
}

int skilldiff(troop at, troop dt, int dist)
{
    fighter *af = at.fighter, *df = dt.fighter;
    unit *au = af->unit, *du = df->unit;
    int is_protected = 0, skdiff = 0;
    const weapon *awp = select_weapon(at, true, dist > 1);
    static int rc_cache;
    static const race *rc_halfling, *rc_goblin;
    const weapon_type *wtype;

    if (rc_changed(&rc_cache)) {
        rc_halfling = get_race(RC_HALFLING);
        rc_goblin = get_race(RC_GOBLIN);
    }
    skdiff += af->person[at.index].attack;
    skdiff -= df->person[dt.index].defense;

    if (df->person[dt.index].flags & FL_SLEEPING)
        skdiff += 2;

    /* Effekte durch Rassen */
    if (awp != NULL && u_race(au) == rc_halfling && dragonrace(u_race(du))) {
        skdiff += 5;
    }
    else if (u_race(au) == rc_goblin) {
        if (af->side->size[SUM_ROW] >= df->side->size[SUM_ROW] * rule_goblin_bonus) {
            skdiff += 1;
        }
    }

    if (df->building) {
        building *b = df->building;
        if (b->attribs) {
            curse *c = get_curse(b->attribs, &ct_strongwall);
            if (curse_active(c)) {
                /* wirkt auf alle Gebaeude */
                skdiff -= curse_geteffect_int(c);
                is_protected = 2;
            }
        }
        if (b->type->flags & BTF_FORTIFICATION) {
            int beff = building_protection(b);
            if (beff > 0) {
                skdiff -= beff;
                is_protected = 2;
                if (b->attribs) {
                    if (curse_active(get_curse(b->attribs, &ct_magicwalls))) {
                        /* Verdoppelt Burgenbonus */
                        skdiff -= beff;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    /* Effekte der Waffen */
    skdiff += weapon_effskill(at, dt, awp, true, dist > 1);
    wtype = awp ? WEAPON_TYPE(awp) : NULL;
    if (wtype && fval(wtype, WTF_MISSILE)) {
        skdiff -= is_protected;
        if (wtype->modifiers) {
            int w;
            for (w = 0; wtype->modifiers[w].value != 0; ++w) {
                if (wtype->modifiers[w].flags & WMF_MISSILE_TARGET) {
                    /* skill decreases by targeting difficulty (bow -2, catapult -4) */
                    skdiff -= wtype->modifiers[w].value;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (skill_formula == FORMULA_ORIG) {
        const weapon *dwp = select_weapon(dt, false, dist > 1);
        skdiff -= weapon_effskill(dt, at, dwp, false, dist > 1);
    }
    return skdiff;
}

static int setreload(troop at)
{
    fighter *af = at.fighter;
    const weapon_type *wtype = WEAPON_TYPE(af->person[at.index].missile);
    if (wtype) {
        if (wtype->reload != 0) {
            return af->person[at.index].reload = wtype->reload;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

int getreload(troop at)
{
    return at.fighter->person[at.index].reload;
}

bool hits(troop at, troop dt, const weapon_type *awp)
{
    fighter *af = at.fighter, *df = dt.fighter;
    const armor_type *armor, *shield = NULL;
    int skdiff = 0;
    const int dist = get_unitrow(af, df->side) + get_unitrow(df, af->side) - 1;
    const bool missiles_only = dist > 1;
    const weapon_type *dwp;

    if (!df->alive)
        return false;
    if (getreload(at))
        return false;
    if (missiles_only && (awp == NULL || !fval(awp, WTF_MISSILE)))
        return false;

    /* mark this person as hit. */
    df->person[dt.index].flags |= FL_HIT;

    if (af->person[at.index].flags & FL_STUNNED) {
        af->person[at.index].flags &= ~FL_STUNNED;
        return false;
    }
    if ((af->person[at.index].flags & FL_TIRED && rng_int() % 100 < 50)
        || (af->person[at.index].flags & FL_SLEEPING))
        return false;

    /* effect of sp_reeling_arrows combatspell */
    if (af->side->battle->reelarrow && awp && fval(awp, WTF_MISSILE)
        && rng_double() < 0.5) {
        return false;
    }

    /* Verteidiger bekommt eine Ruestung */
    dwp = WEAPON_TYPE(select_weapon(dt, false, missiles_only));
    if (dwp == NULL || (dwp->flags & WTF_USESHIELD)) {
        shield = select_armor(dt, false);
    }
    armor = select_armor(dt, true);
    skdiff = skilldiff(at, dt, dist);
    if (!contest(skdiff, dt, armor, shield)) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

void dazzle(battle * b, troop * td)
{
    UNUSED_ARG(b);
    /* Nicht kumulativ ! */
    if (td->fighter->person[td->index].flags & (FL_COURAGE | FL_DAZZLED)) {
        return;
    }

    td->fighter->person[td->index].flags |= FL_DAZZLED;
    td->fighter->person[td->index].defense--;
}

void damage_building(battle * b, building * bldg, int damage_abs)
{
    assert(bldg);
    bldg->size -= damage_abs;
    if (bldg->size < 1) bldg->size = 1;

    /* Wenn Burg, dann gucken, ob die Leute alle noch in das Gebaeude passen. */

    if (bldg->type->flags & BTF_FORTIFICATION) {
        side *s;

        bldg->sizeleft = bldg->size;

        for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
            fighter *fig;
            for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
                if (fig->building == bldg) {
                    if (bldg->sizeleft >= fig->unit->number) {
                        fig->building = bldg;
                        bldg->sizeleft -= fig->unit->number;
                    }
                    else {
                        fig->building = NULL;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static int attacks_per_round(troop t)
{
    return t.fighter->person[t.index].speed;
}

static void make_heroes(battle * b)
{
    side *s;
    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *fig;
        for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
            unit *u = fig->unit;
            if (fval(u, UFL_HERO)) {
                int i;
                for (i = 0; i != u->number; ++i) {
                    fig->person[i].speed += (rule_hero_speed - 1);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void structural_damage(troop td, int damage_abs, int chance_pct)
{
    unit* du = td.fighter->unit;
    if (du->ship) {
        if (chance_pct >= 100 || rng_int() % 100 < chance_pct) {
            double damage = .0f;
            ship* sh = du->ship;
            if (damage_abs > 0) {
                damage = (double)damage_abs / sh->type->damage / sh->size;
            }
            else {
                damage = config_get_flt("rules.catapult.damage.ship", 0.01);
            }
            damage_ship(du->ship, damage);
        }
    }
    else if (du->building) {
        if (chance_pct >= 100 || rng_int() % 100 < chance_pct) {
            battle* b = td.fighter->side->battle;
            if (damage_abs > 0) {
                damage_building(b, du->building, damage_abs);
            }
            else {
                damage_abs = config_get_int("rules.catapult.damage.building", 1);
                damage_building(b, du->building, damage_abs);
            }
        }
    }

}

static void attack(battle * b, troop ta, const att * a, int numattack)
{
    fighter *af = ta.fighter;
    troop td;
    unit *au = af->unit;

    switch (a->type) {
    case AT_COMBATSPELL:
        /* Magier versuchen immer erstmal zu zaubern, erst wenn das
         * fehlschlaegt, wird af->magic == 0 und  der Magier kaempft
         * konventionell weiter */
        if (numattack == 0 && af->magic > 0) {
            /* wenn der magier in die potenzielle Reichweite von Attacken des
             * Feindes kommt, beginnt er auch bei einem Status von KAEMPFE NICHT,
             * Kampfzauber zu schleudern: */
            if (count_enemies(b, af, melee_range[0], missile_range[1],
                SELECT_ADVANCE | SELECT_DISTANCE | SELECT_FIND)) {
                do_combatspell(ta);
            }
        }
        break;
    case AT_STANDARD:          /* Waffen, mag. Gegenstaende, Kampfzauber */
        if (numattack > 0 || af->magic <= 0) {
            if (getreload(ta)) {
                ta.fighter->person[ta.index].reload--;
            }
            else {
                const weapon* wp = ta.fighter->person[ta.index].missile;
                const weapon_type *wtype = NULL;
                bool missile = false;
                if (count_enemies(b, af, melee_range[0], melee_range[1],
                    SELECT_ADVANCE | SELECT_DISTANCE | SELECT_FIND) > 0) {
                    wp = preferred_weapon(ta, true);
                }

                if (wp) {
                    wtype = WEAPON_TYPE(wp);
                    if (fval(wtype, WTF_MISSILE)) {
                        missile = true;
                    }
                }
                if (missile) {
                    td = select_opponent(b, ta, missile_range[0], missile_range[1]);
                }
                else {
                    td = select_opponent(b, ta, melee_range[0], melee_range[1]);
                }
                if (!td.fighter)
                    return;
                if (ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action < b->turn) {
                    ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action = b->turn;
                }
                if (hits(ta, td, wtype)) {
                    const char* d;
                    if (wtype == NULL)
                        d = u_race(au)->def_damage;
                    else if (is_riding(ta))
                        d = wtype->damage[1];
                    else
                        d = wtype->damage[0];
                    terminate(td, ta, a->type, d, missile);
                }

                /* spezialattacken der waffe nur, wenn erste attacke in der runde.
                 * sonst helden mit feuerschwertern zu maechtig */
                if (numattack == 0 && wtype && wtype->attack) {
                    int dead = 0;
                    if (wtype->attack(&ta, wtype, &dead)) {
                        ++af->special.attacks;
                        af->special.kills += dead;
                        if (af->person[ta.index].last_action < b->turn) {
                            af->person[ta.index].last_action = b->turn;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (wtype && wtype->reload && !getreload(ta)) {
                    setreload(ta);
                }
            }
        }
        break;
    case AT_SPELL:             /* Extra-Sprueche. Kampfzauber in AT_COMBATSPELL! */
        do_extra_spell(ta, a);
        break;
    case AT_NATURAL:
        td = select_opponent(b, ta, melee_range[0], melee_range[1]);
        if (!td.fighter)
            return;
        if (ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action < b->turn) {
            ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action = b->turn;
        }
        if (hits(ta, td, NULL)) {
            terminate(td, ta, a->type, a->data.dice, false);
        }
        break;
    case AT_DRAIN_ST:
        td = select_opponent(b, ta, melee_range[0], melee_range[1]);
        if (!td.fighter)
            return;
        if (ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action < b->turn) {
            ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action = b->turn;
        }
        if (hits(ta, td, NULL)) {
            int c = dice_rand(a->data.dice);
            while (c > 0) {
                if (rng_int() % 2) {
                    td.fighter->person[td.index].attack -= 1;
                }
                else {
                    td.fighter->person[td.index].defense -= 1;
                }
                c--;
            }
        }
        break;
    case AT_DRAIN_EXP:
        td = select_opponent(b, ta, melee_range[0], melee_range[1]);
        if (!td.fighter)
            return;
        if (ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action < b->turn) {
            ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action = b->turn;
        }
        if (hits(ta, td, NULL)) {
            drain_exp(td.fighter->unit, dice_rand(a->data.dice));
        }
        break;
    case AT_DAZZLE:
        td = select_opponent(b, ta, melee_range[0], melee_range[1]);
        if (!td.fighter)
            return;
        if (ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action < b->turn) {
            ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action = b->turn;
        }
        if (hits(ta, td, NULL)) {
            dazzle(b, &td);
        }
        break;
    case AT_STRUCTURAL:
        td = select_opponent(b, ta, melee_range[0], melee_range[1]);
        if (!td.fighter)
            return;
        if (ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action < b->turn) {
            ta.fighter->person[ta.index].last_action = b->turn;
        }
        structural_damage(td, dice_rand(a->data.dice), 100);
    }
}

static void do_attack(fighter * af)
{
    unit *au = af->unit;
    side *side = af->side;
    battle *b = side->battle;
    troop ta = { .fighter = af, .index = af->fighting };

    assert(au && au->number);
    /* Da das Zuschlagen auf Einheiten und nicht auf den einzelnen
     * Kaempfern beruht, darf die Reihenfolge und Groesse der Einheit keine
     * Rolle spielen, Das tut sie nur dann, wenn jeder, der am Anfang der
     * Runde lebte, auch zuschlagen darf. Ansonsten ist der, der zufaellig
     * mit einer grossen Einheit zuerst drankommt, extrem bevorteilt. */

    while (ta.index--) {
        /* Wir suchen eine beliebige Feind-Einheit aus. An der koennen
         * wir feststellen, ob noch jemand da ist. */
        int apr, attacks = attacks_per_round(ta);
        if (!count_enemies(b, af, FIGHT_ROW, LAST_ROW, SELECT_FIND))
            break;

        for (apr = 0; apr != attacks; ++apr) {
            int a;
            for (a = 0; a < RACE_ATTACKS && u_race(au)->attack[a].type != AT_NONE; ++a) {
                if (apr > 0) {
                    /* Wenn die Waffe nachladen muss, oder es sich nicht um einen
                     * Waffen-Angriff handelt, dann gilt der Speed nicht. */
                     /* TODO: allow multiple AT_NATURAL attacks? */
                    if (u_race(au)->attack[a].type != AT_STANDARD)
                        continue;
                    else {
                        const weapon *wp = preferred_weapon(ta, true);
                        const weapon_type *wtype = WEAPON_TYPE(wp);
                        if (wp != NULL && wtype->reload)
                            continue;
                    }
                }
                attack(b, ta, &(u_race(au)->attack[a]), apr);
            }
        }
    }
    /* Der letzte Katapultschuetze setzt die
     * Ladezeit neu und generiert die Meldung. */
    if (af->special.attacks > 0) {
        struct message *m;
        if (callbacks.report_special_attacks) {
            const weapon_type *wtype = NULL;
            for (ta.index = 0; ta.index != af->fighting; ++ta.index) {
                const weapon *wp = preferred_weapon(ta, true);
                wtype = WEAPON_TYPE(wp);
                if (wtype && wtype->attack) {
                    break;
                }
                else {
                    wtype = NULL;
                }

            }
            if (wtype && wtype->attack) {
                callbacks.report_special_attacks(af, wtype->itype);
            }
        }
        m = msg_message("killed_battle", "unit dead", au, af->special.kills);
        message_all(b, m);
        msg_release(m);
        af->special.kills = 0;
        af->special.attacks = 0;
    }
}

static void add_tactics(tactics * ta, fighter * fig, int value)
{
    if (value == 0 || value < ta->value)
        return;
    if (value > ta->value) {
        selist_free(ta->fighters);
        ta->fighters = 0;
    }
    selist_push(&ta->fighters, fig);
    selist_push(&fig->side->battle->leaders, fig);
    ta->value = value;
}

static int horse_fleeing_bonus(const unit * u)
{
    const item_type *it_horse, *it_elvenhorse, *it_charger;
    int n1 = 0, n2 = 0, n3 = 0;
    item *itm;
    int skl = effskill(u, SK_RIDING, NULL);
    const resource_type *rtype;

    it_horse = ((rtype = get_resourcetype(R_HORSE)) != NULL) ? rtype->itype : 0;
    it_elvenhorse = ((rtype = get_resourcetype(R_UNICORN)) != NULL) ? rtype->itype : 0;
    it_charger = ((rtype = get_resourcetype(R_CHARGER)) != NULL) ? rtype->itype : 0;

    for (itm = u->items; itm; itm = itm->next) {
        if (itm->type->flags & ITF_ANIMAL) {
            if (itm->type == it_elvenhorse)
                n3 += itm->number;
            else if (itm->type == it_charger)
                n2 += itm->number;
            else if (itm->type == it_horse)
                n1 += itm->number;
        }
    }
    if (skl >= 5 && n3 >= u->number)
        return 30;
    if (skl >= 2 && n2 + n3 >= u->number)
        return 20;
    if (n1 + n2 + n3 >= u->number)
        return 10;
    return 0;
}

static int fleechance(unit * u)
{
    int p = flee_chance_base;              /* Fluchtwahrscheinlichkeit in % */
    /* Einheit u versucht, dem Getuemmel zu entkommen */

    p += (effskill(u, SK_STEALTH, NULL) * flee_chance_skill_bonus);
    p += horse_fleeing_bonus(u);

    if (u_race(u) == get_race(RC_HALFLING)) {
        p += flee_chance_base;
        if (p > flee_chance_max_percent) {
            p = flee_chance_max_percent;
        }
    }
    return p;
}

/** add a new army to the conflict.
 * beware: armies need to be added _at the beginning_ of the list because
 * otherwise join_allies() will get into trouble */
side *make_side(battle * b, const faction * f, const group * g,
    unsigned int flags, const faction * stealthfaction)
{
    side *s1 = b->sides + b->nsides;
    bfaction *bf;

    if (fval(b->region->terrain, SEA_REGION)) {
        /* every fight in an ocean is short */
        flags |= SIDE_HASGUARDS;
    }
    else {
        unit *u;
        for (u = b->region->units; u; u = u->next) {
            if (is_guard(u)) {
                if (alliedunit(u, f, HELP_GUARD)) {
                    flags |= SIDE_HASGUARDS;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    s1->battle = b;
    s1->group = g;
    s1->flags = flags;
    s1->stealthfaction = stealthfaction;
    for (bf = b->factions; bf; bf = bf->next) {
        faction *f2 = bf->faction;

        if (f2 == f) {
            s1->bf = bf;
            s1->faction = f2;
            s1->index = b->nsides++;
            s1->nextF = bf->sides;
            bf->sides = s1;
            assert(b->nsides <= MAXSIDES);
            break;
        }
    }
    assert(bf);
    return s1;
}

troop select_ally(fighter * af, int minrow, int maxrow, int allytype)
{
    side *as = af->side;
    battle *b = as->battle;
    side *ds;
    int allies = count_allies(as, minrow, maxrow, SELECT_ADVANCE, allytype);

    if (!allies) {
        return no_troop;
    }
    allies = (int)(rng_int() % allies);

    for (ds = b->sides; ds != b->sides + b->nsides; ++ds) {
        if ((allytype == ALLY_ANY && helping(as, ds)) || (allytype == ALLY_SELF
            && as->faction == ds->faction)) {
            fighter *df;
            for (df = ds->fighters; df; df = df->next) {
                int dr = get_unitrow(df, NULL);
                if (dr >= minrow && dr <= maxrow) {
                    if (df->alive - df->removed > allies) {
                        troop dt = { .fighter = df, .index = allies };
                        return dt;
                    }
                    allies -= (df->alive - df->removed);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    assert(!"we should never have gotten here");
    return no_troop;
}

static int loot_quota(const unit * src, const unit * dst,
    const item_type * type, int n)
{
    UNUSED_ARG(type);
    if (loot_divisor <= 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (dst && src && src->faction != dst->faction) {
        assert(loot_divisor <= 0 || loot_divisor >= 1);
        if (loot_divisor > 1) {
            double r = n / loot_divisor;
            int x = (int)r;

            r = r - x;
            if (chance(r))
                ++x;

            return x;
        }
    }
    return n;
}

void loot_items(fighter * corpse)
{
    unit *u = corpse->unit;
    item *itm = u->items;
    battle *b = corpse->side->battle;
    int dead = dead_fighters(corpse);

    if (dead <= 0)
        return;

    while (itm) {
        int maxloot = itm->number;
        if (u->number != dead) {
            maxloot = maxloot * dead / u->number;
        }
        if (maxloot > 0) {
            int i = (maxloot > 10) ? 10 : maxloot;
            for (; i != 0; --i) {
                int loot = maxloot / i;

                if (loot > 0) {
                    fighter *fig = NULL;
                    int looting = 0;
                    int maxrow = 0;
                    /* mustloot: we absolutely, positively must have somebody loot this thing */
                    bool mustloot = (loot_divisor == 1) || (0 != (itm->type->flags & (ITF_CURSED|ITF_NOTLOST)));

                    item_add(itm, -loot);
                    maxloot -= loot;

                    if (is_monsters(u->faction) && (rule_loot & LOOT_MONSTERS)) {
                        looting = 1;
                    }
                    else if (rule_loot & LOOT_OTHERS) {
                        looting = 1;
                    }
                    else if (rule_loot & LOOT_SELF) {
                        looting = 2;
                    }
                    if (looting) {
                        if (mustloot) {
                            maxrow = LAST_ROW;
                        }
                        else if (rule_loot & LOOT_KEEPLOOT) {
                            int lootchance = 50 + b->keeploot;
                            if (rng_int() % 100 < lootchance) {
                                maxrow = BEHIND_ROW;
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            maxrow = LAST_ROW;
                        }
                    }
                    if (maxrow > 0) {
                        if (looting == 1) {
                            /* enemies get dibs */
                            fig = select_enemy(corpse, FIGHT_ROW, maxrow, 0).fighter;
                        }
                        if (!fig) {
                            /* self and allies get second pick */
                            fig = select_ally(corpse, FIGHT_ROW, LAST_ROW, ALLY_SELF).fighter;
                        }
                    }

                    if (fig) {
                        int trueloot =
                            mustloot ? loot : loot_quota(corpse->unit, fig->unit, itm->type,
                                loot);
                        if (trueloot > 0) {
                            i_change(&fig->loot, itm->type, trueloot);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        itm = itm->next;
    }
}

bool seematrix(const faction * f, const side * s)
{
    if (f == s->faction)
        return true;
    if (s->flags & SIDE_STEALTH)
        return false;
    return true;
}

static double PopulationDamage(void)
{
    return rule_population_damage / 100.0;
}

static void battle_effects(battle * b, int dead_players)
{
    region *r = b->region;
    int rp = rpeasants(r);

    if (rp > 0) {
        int dead_peasants = (int)(dead_players * PopulationDamage());
        if (dead_peasants > rp) {
            dead_peasants = rp;
        }
        if (dead_peasants) {
            deathcounts(r, dead_peasants + dead_players);
            rsetpeasants(r, rp - dead_peasants);
        }
    }
}

static void reorder_fleeing(region * r)
{
    unit **usrc = &r->units;
    unit **udst = &r->units;
    unit *ufirst = NULL;
    unit *u = NULL;

    for (; *udst; udst = &u->next) {
        u = *udst;
    }

    for (u = *usrc; u != ufirst; u = *usrc) {
        if (u->next && fval(u, UFL_FLEEING)) {
            *usrc = u->next;
            *udst = u;
            udst = &u->next;
            if (!ufirst)
                ufirst = u;
        }
        else {
            usrc = &u->next;
        }
    }
    *udst = NULL;
}

static void aftermath(battle * b)
{
    region *r = b->region;
    side *s;
    int dead_players = 0;
    bfaction *bf;
    bool ships_damaged = (b->turn + (b->has_tactics_turn ? 1 : 0) > 2);      /* only used for ship damage! */

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *df;
        s->dead = 0;

        for (df = s->fighters; df; df = df->next) {
            unit *du = df->unit;
            int dead = dead_fighters(df);
            const race *rc = u_race(du);

            /* tote insgesamt: */
            s->dead += dead;
            /* Tote, die wiederbelebt werde koennen: */
            if (!undeadrace(rc)) {
                s->casualties += dead;
            }
            if (df->hits + df->kills) {
                struct message *m =
                    msg_message("killsandhits", "unit hits kills", du, df->hits,
                        df->kills);
                battle_message_faction(b, du->faction, m);
                msg_release(m);
            }
        }
    }

    /* POSTCOMBAT */
    do_combatmagic(b, DO_POSTCOMBATSPELL);

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        int snumber = 0;
        fighter *df;
        bool relevant = false;   /* Kampf relevant fuer diese Partei? */
        if (!fval(s, SIDE_HASGUARDS)) {
            relevant = true;
        }
        s->flee = 0;

        for (df = s->fighters; df; df = df->next) {
            unit *du = df->unit;
            const race *rc = u_race(du);
            int dead = dead_fighters(df);
            int sum_hp = 0;
            int n;
            int flags = 0;

            for (n = 0; n != df->alive; ++n) {
                if (df->person[n].hp > 0) {
                    sum_hp += df->person[n].hp;
                }
            }
            snumber += du->number;
            if (dead == df->unit->number) {
                flags = UFL_DEAD;
            }
            else if (relevant) {
                flags = UFL_LONGACTION;
                if ((du->status != ST_FLEE) && (df->run.hp <= 0)) {
                    flags |= UFL_NOTMOVING;
                }
            }
            if (flags) {
                fset(du, flags);
            }
            if (df->alive && df->alive == du->number) {
                du->hp = sum_hp;
                continue;               /* nichts passiert */
            }
            else if (df->run.hp) {
                if (df->alive == 0) {
                    /* Report the casualties */
                    reportcasualties(b, df, dead);

                    /* Zuerst duerfen die Feinde pluendern, die mitgenommenen Items
                     * stehen in fig->run.items. Dann werden die Fliehenden auf
                     * die leere (tote) alte Einheit gemapt */
                    if (!fval(df, FIG_NOLOOT)) {
                        loot_items(df);
                    }
                    scale_number(du, df->run.number);
                    du->hp = df->run.hp;
                    setguard(du, false);
                    /* must leave ships or buildings, or a stealthy hobbit
                     * can hold castles indefinitely */
                    if (!fval(r->terrain, SEA_REGION)) {
                        leave(du, true);    /* even region owners have to flee */
                    }
                    fset(du, UFL_FLEEING);
                }
                else {
                    /* nur teilweise geflohene Einheiten mergen sich wieder */
                    df->alive += df->run.number;
                    s->size[0] += df->run.number;
                    s->size[statusrow(df->status)] += df->run.number;
                    s->alive += df->run.number;
                    sum_hp += df->run.hp;
                    df->run.number = 0;
                    df->run.hp = 0;
                    /* df->run.region = NULL; */

                    reportcasualties(b, df, dead);

                    scale_number(du, df->alive);
                    du->hp = sum_hp;
                }
            }
            else {
                if (df->alive == 0) {
                    /* alle sind tot, niemand geflohen. Einheit aufloesen */
                    df->run.number = 0;
                    df->run.hp = 0;

                    /* Report the casualties */
                    reportcasualties(b, df, dead);

                    /* Distribute Loot */
                    loot_items(df);

                    setguard(du, false);
                    scale_number(du, 0);
                }
                else {
                    df->run.number = 0;
                    df->run.hp = 0;

                    reportcasualties(b, df, dead);

                    scale_number(du, df->alive);
                    du->hp = sum_hp;
                }
            }
            s->flee += df->run.number;

            if (!undeadrace(rc)) {
                /* tote im kampf werden zu regionsuntoten:
                 * for each of them, a peasant will die as well */
                dead_players += dead;
            }
            if (du->hp < du->number) {
                log_error("%s has less hitpoints (%u) than people (%u)\n", itoa36(du->no), du->hp, du->number);
                du->hp = du->number;
            }
        }
        s->alive += s->healed;
        assert(snumber == s->flee + s->alive + s->dead);
    }

    battle_effects(b, dead_players);

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        message *seen = msg_message("army_report",
            "index abbrev dead fled survived",
            army_index(s), sideabkz(s, false), s->dead, s->flee, s->alive);
        message *unseen = msg_message("army_report",
            "index abbrev dead fled survived",
            army_index(s), "-?-", s->dead, s->flee, s->alive);

        for (bf = b->factions; bf; bf = bf->next) {
            faction *f = bf->faction;
            message *m = seematrix(f, s) ? seen : unseen;

            battle_message_faction(b, f, m);
        }

        msg_release(seen);
        msg_release(unseen);
    }

    /* Wir benutzen drifted, um uns zu merken, ob ein Schiff
     * schonmal Schaden genommen hat. (moved und drifted
     * sollten in flags ueberfuehrt werden */

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *df;

        for (df = s->fighters; df; df = df->next) {
            unit *du = df->unit;
            item *l;

            /* Beute verteilen */
            for (l = df->loot; l; l = l->next) {
                const item_type *itype = l->type;
                message *m =
                    msg_message("battle_loot", "unit amount item", du, l->number,
                        itype->rtype);
                battle_message_faction(b, du->faction, m);
                msg_release(m);
                i_change(&du->items, itype, l->number);
            }

            /* Wenn sich die Einheit auf einem Schiff befindet, wird
             * dieses Schiff beschaedigt. Andernfalls ein Schiff, welches
             * evt. zuvor verlassen wurde. */
            if (ships_damaged) {
                ship *sh;
                if (du->ship)
                    sh = du->ship;
                else
                    sh = leftship(du);

                if (sh && fval(sh, SF_DAMAGED)) {
                    int n = b->turn - 2;
                    if (n > 0) {
                        double dmg =
                            config_get_flt("rules.ship.damage.battleround",
                                0.05F);
                        damage_ship(sh, dmg * n);
                        freset(sh, SF_DAMAGED);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (ships_damaged) {
        ship **sp = &r->ships;

        while (*sp) {
            ship *sh = *sp;
            freset(sh, SF_DAMAGED);
            if (ship_damage_percent(sh) >= 100) {
                sink_ship(sh);
                remove_ship(sp, sh);
            }
            else {
                sp = &sh->next;
            }
        }
    }

    reorder_fleeing(r);
}

static void spunit(const struct faction* f, const unit* u,
    struct sbstring *sbp)
{
    static char marker[] = "  - ";
    int anon = (0 != fval(u, UFL_ANON_FACTION));
    struct faction* of = get_otherfaction(u);
    const struct faction* vf = visible_faction(f, u, of);
    if (vf) {
        int dh = alliedfaction(f, vf, HELP_ALL);
        char mark = (char)((u->faction == f) ? '*' : (dh ? '+' : '-'));
        marker[2] = mark;
    }
    sbs_strcat(sbp, marker);
    bufunit(f, u, of, seen_battle, anon, sbp);
}

static void battle_punit(unit * u, battle * b)
{
    bfaction *bf;

    for (bf = b->factions; bf; bf = bf->next) {
        char buf[DISPLAYSIZE];
        sbstring sbs;
        faction* f = bf->faction;

        sbs_init(&sbs, buf, sizeof(buf));
        spunit(f, u, &sbs);
        if (sbs.begin != sbs.end) {
            message* m = msg_message("battle_fighter", "string unit", buf, u);
            battle_message_faction(b, f, m);
            msg_release(m);
        }
    }
}

static void print_fighters(battle * b, const side * s)
{
    fighter *df;
    int row;

    for (row = 1; row != NUMROWS; ++row) {
        message *m = NULL;

        for (df = s->fighters; df; df = df->next) {
            unit *du = df->unit;
            int thisrow = statusrow(df->unit->status);

            if (row == thisrow) {
                if (m == NULL) {
                    m = msg_message("battle_row", "row", row);
                    message_all(b, m);
                }
                battle_punit(du, b);
            }
        }
        if (m != NULL)
            msg_release(m);
    }
}

bool is_attacker(const fighter * fig)
{
    return fval(fig, FIG_ATTACKER) != 0;
}

static void set_attacker(fighter * fig)
{
    fset(fig, FIG_ATTACKER);
}

static struct message * army_message(const battle* b, const faction* f, const side* s)
{
    const char* sname;
    const faction* fv;

    assert(f);
    fv = seematrix(f, s) ? s->faction : s->stealthfaction;
    sname = fv ? sidename(s) : LOC(f->locale, "unknown_faction");

    return msg_message("para_army_index", "index name faction", army_index(s), sname, fv);
}

static void print_stats(battle * b)
{
    side *s2;
    side *s;
    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        bfaction *bf;

        for (bf = b->factions; bf; bf = bf->next) {
            static char buf[1024];
            char *bufp = buf;
            size_t rsize, size = sizeof(buf);
            int komma = 0;
            faction *f = bf->faction;
            const char *loc_army, *header;
            message* msg;
            
            msg = army_message(b, f, s);
            battle_message_faction(b, f, msg);
            msg_release(msg);

            loc_army = LOC(f->locale, "battle_army");
            header = LOC(f->locale, "battle_opponents");
            for (s2 = b->sides; s2 != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s2) {
                if (enemy(s2, s)) {
                    const char *abbrev = seematrix(f, s2) ? sideabkz(s2, false) : "-?-";
                    rsize = slprintf(bufp, size, "%s %s %d (%s)",
                        komma++ ? "," : (const char *)header, loc_army, army_index(s2),
                        abbrev);
                    if (rsize > size)
                        rsize = size - 1;
                    size -= rsize;
                    bufp += rsize;
                }
            }
            if (komma)
                fbattlerecord(b, f, buf);

            bufp = buf;
            buf[0] = 0;
            size = sizeof(buf);
            komma = 0;
            header = LOC(f->locale, "battle_helpers");

            for (s2 = b->sides; s2 != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s2) {
                if (s2 != s && friendly(s2, s)) {
                    const char *abbrev = seematrix(f, s2) ? sideabkz(s2, false) : "-?-";
                    rsize = slprintf(bufp, size, "%s %s %d(%s)",
                        komma++ ? "," : (const char *)header, loc_army, army_index(s2),
                        abbrev);
                    if (rsize > size)
                        rsize = size - 1;
                    size -= rsize;
                    bufp += rsize;
                }
            }
            if (komma)
                fbattlerecord(b, f, buf);

            bufp = buf;
            size = sizeof(buf);
            komma = 0;
            header = LOC(f->locale, "battle_attack");

            for (s2 = b->sides; s2 != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s2) {
                if (s->relations[s2->index] & E_ATTACKING) {
                    const char *abbrev = seematrix(f, s2) ? sideabkz(s2, false) : "-?-";
                    rsize =
                        slprintf(bufp, size, "%s %s %d(%s)",
                            komma++ ? "," : (const char *)header, loc_army, army_index(s2),
                            abbrev);
                    if (rsize > size)
                        rsize = size - 1;
                    size -= rsize;
                    bufp += rsize;
                }
            }
            if (komma)
                fbattlerecord(b, f, buf);
        }

        print_fighters(b, s);
    }

    /* Besten Taktiker ermitteln */

    b->max_tactics = 0;

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        if (!selist_empty(s->leader.fighters)) {
            if (s->leader.value > b->max_tactics) {
                b->max_tactics = s->leader.value;
            }
        }
    }

    if (b->max_tactics > 0) {
        for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
            if (s->leader.value == b->max_tactics) {
                selist *ql;
                int qi;

                for (qi = 0, ql = s->leader.fighters; ql; selist_advance(&ql, &qi, 1)) {
                    fighter *tf = (fighter *)selist_get(ql, qi);
                    unit *u = tf->unit;
                    message *m = NULL;
                    if (!is_attacker(tf)) {
                        m = msg_message("para_tactics_lost", "unit", u);
                    }
                    else {
                        m = msg_message("para_tactics_won", "unit", u);
                    }
                    message_all(b, m);
                    msg_release(m);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

side * get_side(battle * b, const struct unit * u)
{
    side * s;
    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        if (s->faction == u->faction) {
            fighter * fig;
            for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
                if (fig->unit == u) {
                    return s;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

side * find_side(battle * b, const faction * f, const group * g, unsigned int flags, const faction * stealthfaction)
{
    side * s;
    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        if (s->faction == f && s->group == g) {
            unsigned int s1flags = flags | SIDE_HASGUARDS;
            unsigned int s2flags = s->flags | SIDE_HASGUARDS;
            if (rule_anon_battle && s->stealthfaction != stealthfaction) {
                continue;
            }
            if (s1flags == s2flags) {
                return s;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static int tactics_bonus(int num) {
    int i, bonus = 0;

    for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        int p_bonus = 0;
        int rnd;

        do {
            rnd = (int)(rng_int() % 100);
            if (rnd < 30)
                p_bonus += 1;
            else if (rnd < 50)
                p_bonus += 2;
            else if (rnd >= 90)
                p_bonus += 3;
        } while (rnd >= 97);
        if (bonus < p_bonus) bonus = p_bonus;
    }
    return bonus;
}

static int cmp_weapon(const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
{
    const weapon *a = (const weapon *)lhs;
    const weapon *b = (const weapon *)rhs;
    int diff = b->attackskill - a->attackskill + b->defenseskill - a->defenseskill;
    if (diff == 0) {
        if (a->item.ref->type->rtype->wtype->attack) return 1;
        if (b->item.ref->type->rtype->wtype->attack) return -1;
    }
    return diff;
}

/* Fuer alle Waffengattungen wird bestimmt, wie viele der Personen mit
* ihr kaempfen koennten, und was ihr Wert darin ist. */
static void equip_weapons(fighter* fig)
{
    item* itm;
    unit* u = fig->unit;
    int wpless = weapon_skill(NULL, u, true);
    size_t w, i;
    int p_melee = 0, p_missile = 0;

    fig->weapons = NULL;
    for (itm = u->items; itm; itm = itm->next) {
        weapon * wp;
        const weapon_type *wtype = resource2weapon(itm->type->rtype);
        if (wtype == NULL || itm->number == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        wp = arraddnptr(fig->weapons, 1);
        wp->attackskill = weapon_skill(wtype, u, true);
        wp->defenseskill = weapon_skill(wtype, u, false);
        wp->item.ref = itm;
    }
    w = arrlen(fig->weapons);
    qsort(fig->weapons, w, sizeof(weapon), cmp_weapon);

    /* now fig->weapons[0].item is the unit's best weapon */

    /* hand out weapons: */
    for (i = 0; i != w; ++i) {
        weapon *wp = fig->weapons + i;
        const item *itm = wp->item.ref;
        const weapon_type *wtype = resource2weapon(item2resource(itm->type));
        bool is_missile;
        assert(wtype);
        wp->item.type = itm->type;
        is_missile = (wtype->flags & WTF_MISSILE);
        if (!is_missile && wpless > wp->attackskill + wp->defenseskill) {
            /* we fight better with bare hands than this melee weapon */
            continue;
        }
        if (is_missile) {
            if (p_missile == fig->alive) {
                /* everyone already has a missile weapon */
                continue;
            }
        }
        else {
            if (p_melee == fig->alive) {
                /* everyone already has a melee weapon */
                continue;
            }
        }
        if (wp->attackskill >= 0 || wp->defenseskill >= 0)
        {
            int count = itm->number;
            while (count > 0 && (p_missile < fig->alive || p_melee < fig->alive)) {
                if (is_missile) {
                    if (p_missile < fig->alive) {
                        struct person *p = fig->person + fig->alive - ++p_missile;
                        p->missile = wp;
                        --count;
                    }
                    else {
                        /* everyone already has a missile weapon */
                        break;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if (p_melee < fig->alive) {
                        struct person *p = fig->person + p_melee++;
                        p->melee = wp;
                        --count;
                    }
                    else {
                        /* everyone already has a melee weapon */
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void equip_armor(fighter* fig)
{
    item* itm;
    unit* u = fig->unit;

    for (itm = u->items; itm; itm = itm->next) {
        if (itm->type->rtype->atype) {
            if (i_canuse(u, itm->type)) {
                struct armor* adata = malloc(sizeof(armor)), ** aptr;
                if (adata) {
                    adata->atype = itm->type->rtype->atype;
                    adata->count = itm->number;
                    for (aptr = &fig->armors; *aptr; aptr = &(*aptr)->next) {
                        if (adata->atype->prot > (*aptr)->atype->prot) {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    adata->next = *aptr;
                    *aptr = adata;
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

fighter *make_fighter(battle * b, unit * u, side * s1, bool attack)
{
    region *r = b->region;
    fighter *fig = NULL;
    int h, i, tactics = effskill(u, SK_TACTICS, NULL);
    int berserk;
    int strongmen;
    int speeded = 0, speed = 1;
    int rest;
    const group *g = NULL;
    const faction *stealthfaction = get_otherfaction(u);
    unsigned int flags = 0;

    assert(u->number);
    if (fval(u, UFL_ANON_FACTION) != 0)
        flags |= SIDE_STEALTH;
    if (!(AllianceAuto() & HELP_FIGHT) && fval(u, UFL_GROUP)) {
        g = get_group(u);
    }

    /* Illusionen und Zauber kaempfen nicht */
    if (fval(u_race(u), RCF_ILLUSIONARY) || u->number == 0) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (s1 == NULL) {
        s1 = find_side(b, u->faction, g, flags, stealthfaction);
        /* aliances are moved out of make_fighter and will be handled later */
        if (!s1) {
            s1 = make_side(b, u->faction, g, flags, stealthfaction);
        }
        else if (!stealthfaction) {
            s1->stealthfaction = NULL;
        }
        /* Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist attacked noch 0, da die Einheit fuer noch
         * keinen Kampf ausgewaehlt wurde (sonst wuerde ein fighter existieren) */
    }
    fig = (struct fighter*)calloc(1, sizeof(struct fighter));

    fig->next = s1->fighters;
    s1->fighters = fig;

    fig->unit = u;
    /* In einer Burg muss man a) nicht Angreifer sein, und b) drin sein, und
     * c) noch Platz finden. d) menschanaehnlich sein */
    if (attack) {
        set_attacker(fig);
    }
    else {
        building *bld = u->building;
        if (bld && bld->sizeleft >= u->number && humanoidrace(u_race(u))) {
            fig->building = bld;
            fig->building->sizeleft -= u->number;
        }
    }
    fig->status = u->status;
    fig->side = s1;
    fig->alive = u->number;
    fig->side->alive += u->number;
    fig->special.kills = 0;
    fig->special.attacks = 0;

    /* Freigeben nicht vergessen! */
    assert(fig->alive > 0);
    fig->person = (struct person*)calloc((size_t)fig->alive, sizeof(struct person));

    h = u->hp / u->number;
    assert(h);
    rest = u->hp % u->number;

    /* Effekte von Spruechen */

    if (u->attribs) {
        curse *c = get_curse(u->attribs, &ct_speed);
        if (c) {
            speeded = get_cursedmen(u, c);
            speed = curse_geteffect_int(c);
        }
    }

    /* Effekte von Alchemie */
    berserk = get_effect(u, oldpotiontype[P_BERSERK]);
    /* change_effect wird in ageing gemacht */

    /* Effekte von Artefakten */
    strongmen = trollbelts(u);
    if (strongmen > fig->unit->number) strongmen = fig->unit->number;

    /* Hitpoints, Attack- und Defense-Boni fuer alle Personen */
    for (i = 0; i < fig->alive; i++) {
        assert(i < fig->unit->number);
        fig->person[i].hp = h;
        if (i < rest)
            fig->person[i].hp++;

        if (i < speeded)
            fig->person[i].speed = (unsigned char) speed;
        else
            fig->person[i].speed = 1;

        if (i < berserk) {
            fig->person[i].attack++;
        }
        /* Leute mit Kraftzauber machen +2 Schaden im Nahkampf. */
        if (i < strongmen) {
            fig->person[i].damage += 2;
        }
    }

    if (u_race(u)->battle_flags & BF_EQUIPMENT) {
        equip_weapons(fig);
    }

    s1->size[statusrow(fig->status)] += u->number;
    s1->size[SUM_ROW] += u->number;
    if (u_race(u)->battle_flags & BF_NOBLOCK) {
        s1->nonblockers[statusrow(fig->status)] += u->number;
    }

    if (u_race(fig->unit)->flags & RCF_HORSE) {
        fig->horses = fig->unit->number;
        fig->elvenhorses = 0;
    }
    else {
        const resource_type *rt_horse = NULL;
        const resource_type *rt_elvenhorse = NULL;
        rt_elvenhorse = get_resourcetype(R_UNICORN);
        rt_horse = get_resourcetype(R_CHARGER);
        if (!rt_horse) {
            rt_horse = get_resourcetype(R_HORSE);
        }
        fig->horses = rt_horse ? i_get(u->items, rt_horse->itype) : 0;
        fig->elvenhorses = rt_elvenhorse ? i_get(u->items, rt_elvenhorse->itype) : 0;
    }

    if (u_race(u)->battle_flags & BF_EQUIPMENT) {
        equip_armor(fig);
    }

    /* Jetzt muss noch geschaut werden, wo die Einheit die jeweils besten
     * Werte hat, das kommt aber erst irgendwo spaeter. Ich entscheide
     * waehrend des Kampfes, welche ich nehme, je nach Gegner. Deswegen auch
     * keine addierten boni. */

     /* Zuerst mal die Spezialbehandlung gewisser Sonderfaelle. */
    fig->magic = effskill(u, SK_MAGIC, NULL);

    if (fig->horses) {
        if (!fval(r->terrain, CAVALRY_REGION) || r_isforest(r)
            || effskill(u, SK_RIDING, NULL) < CavalrySkill()
            || u_race(u) == get_race(RC_TROLL) || fval(u, UFL_WERE))
            fig->horses = 0;
    }

    if (fig->elvenhorses) {
        if (effskill(u, SK_RIDING, NULL) < 5 || u_race(u) == get_race(RC_TROLL)
            || fval(u, UFL_WERE))
            fig->elvenhorses = 0;
    }

    /* Schauen, wie gut wir in Taktik sind. */
    if (tactics > 0 && u_race(u) == get_race(RC_INSECT))
        tactics -= 1 - (int)log10(fig->side->size[SUM_ROW]);
#ifdef TACTICS_MODIFIER
    if (tactics > 0 && statusrow(fig->status) == FIGHT_ROW)
        tactics += TACTICS_MODIFIER;
    if (tactics > 0 && statusrow(fig->status) > BEHIND_ROW) {
        tactics -= TACTICS_MODIFIER;
    }
#endif

    if (tactics > 0) {
        int bonus = tactics_bonus(fig->alive);
        tactics += bonus;
    }

    add_tactics(&fig->side->leader, fig, tactics);
    ++b->nfighters;
    return fig;
}

int join_battle(battle * b, unit * u, bool attack, fighter ** cp)
{
    side *s;
    fighter *fc = NULL;

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *fig;
        if (s->faction == u->faction) {
            for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
                if (fig->unit == u) {
                    fc = fig;
                    if (attack) {
                        set_attacker(fig);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (!fc) {
        *cp = make_fighter(b, u, NULL, attack);
        return *cp != NULL;
    }
    *cp = fc;
    return false;
}

battle *make_battle(region * r)
{
    unit *u;
    bfaction *bf;
    building * bld;
    battle *b = (battle *)calloc(1, sizeof(battle));

    assert(b);
    /* Alle Mann raus aus der Burg! */
    for (bld = r->buildings; bld != NULL; bld = bld->next)
        bld->sizeleft = bld->size;

    b->region = r;
    b->plane = getplane(r);
    /* Finde alle Parteien, die den Kampf beobachten koennen: */
    for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
        if (u->number > 0) {
            if (!fval(u->faction, FFL_MARK)) {
                fset(u->faction, FFL_MARK);
                for (bf = b->factions; bf; bf = bf->next) {
                    if (bf->faction == u->faction)
                        break;
                }
                if (!bf) {
                    bf = (bfaction *)calloc(1, sizeof(bfaction));
                    assert(bf);
                    ++b->nfactions;
                    bf->faction = u->faction;
                    bf->next = b->factions;
                    b->factions = bf;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    for (bf = b->factions; bf; bf = bf->next) {
        faction *f = bf->faction;
        freset(f, FFL_MARK);
    }
    return b;
}

static void free_side(side * si)
{
    selist_free(si->leader.fighters);
}

static void free_fighter(fighter * fig)
{
    armor **ap = &fig->armors;
    while (*ap) {
        armor *a = *ap;
        *ap = a->next;
        free(a);
    }
    i_freeall(&fig->loot);
    free(fig->person);
    arrfree(fig->weapons);

}

static void battle_free(battle * b) {
    side *s;

    assert(b);

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter **fp = &s->fighters;
        while (*fp) {
            fighter *fig = *fp;
            *fp = fig->next;
            free_fighter(fig);
            free(fig);
        }
        s->fighters = NULL;
        free_side(s);
    }
    free(b);
}

void free_battle(battle * b)
{
    while (b->factions) {
        bfaction *bf = b->factions;
        b->factions = bf->next;
        free(bf);
    }

    selist_free(b->leaders);
    selist_foreach(b->meffects, free);
    selist_free(b->meffects);

    battle_free(b);
}

static int *get_alive(side * s)
{
    return s->size;
}

static int battle_report(battle * b)
{
    side *s, *s2;
    bool cont = false;
    bfaction *bf;

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        if (s->alive - s->removed > 0) {
            for (s2 = b->sides; s2 != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s2) {
                if (s2->alive - s2->removed > 0 && enemy(s, s2)) {
                    cont = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (cont)
                break;
        }
    }

    fflush(stdout);

    for (bf = b->factions; bf; bf = bf->next) {
        faction *fac = bf->faction;
        char buf[32 * MAXSIDES];
        message *m;
        sbstring sbs;
        bool komma = false;

        sbs_init(&sbs, buf, sizeof(buf));

        if (cont)
            m = msg_message("para_lineup_battle", "turn", b->turn);
        else
            m = msg_message("para_after_battle", "");
        battle_message_faction(b, fac, m);
        msg_release(m);

        for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
            if (s->alive) {
                int r, k = 0, *alive = get_alive(s);
                int l = FIGHT_ROW;
                const char *abbrev = seematrix(fac, s) ? sideabkz(s, false) : "-?-";
                const char *loc_army = LOC(fac->locale, "battle_army");
                char buffer[32];

                if (komma) {
                    sbs_strcat(&sbs, ", ");
                }
                snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s %2d(%s): ",
                    loc_army, army_index(s), abbrev);
                sbs_strcat(&sbs, buffer);

                for (r = FIGHT_ROW; r != NUMROWS; ++r) {
                    if (alive[r]) {
                        if (l != FIGHT_ROW) {
                            sbs_strcat(&sbs, "+");
                        }
                        while (k--) {
                            sbs_strcat(&sbs, "0+");
                        }
                        sprintf(buffer, "%d", alive[r]);
                        sbs_strcat(&sbs, buffer);

                        k = 0;
                        l = r + 1;
                    }
                    else
                        ++k;
                }

                komma = true;
            }
        }
        fbattlerecord(b, fac, buf);
    }
    return cont;
}

static void join_allies(battle * b)
{
    region *r = b->region;
    unit *u;
    side *s, *s_end = b->sides + b->nsides;
    /* make_side might be adding a new faction, but it adds them to the end
     * of the list, so we're safe in our iteration here if we remember the end
     * up front. */
    for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
        /* Was ist mit Schiffen? */
        if (u->status != ST_FLEE && u->status != ST_AVOID
            && !fval(u, UFL_LONGACTION | UFL_ISNEW) && u->number > 0) {
            faction *f = u->faction;
            fighter *c = NULL;

            if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;

            for (s = b->sides; s != s_end; ++s) {
                side *se;
                /* Wenn alle attackierten noch FFL_NOAID haben, dann kaempfe nicht mit. */
                if (fval(s->faction, FFL_NOAID))
                    continue;
                if (s->faction != f) {
                    /* Wenn wir attackiert haben, kommt niemand mehr hinzu: */
                    if (s->bf->attacker)
                        continue;
                    /* alliiert muessen wir schon sein, sonst ist's eh egal : */
                    if (!alliedunit(u, s->faction, HELP_FIGHT))
                        continue;
                    /* wenn die partei verborgen ist, oder gar eine andere
                     * vorgespiegelt wird, und er sich uns gegenueber nicht zu
                     * erkennen gibt, helfen wir ihm nicht */
                    if (s->stealthfaction) {
                        if (!alliedside(s, u->faction, HELP_FSTEALTH)) {
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                }
                /* einen alliierten angreifen duerfen sie nicht, es sei denn, der
                 * ist mit einem alliierten verfeindet, der nicht attackiert
                 * hat: */
                for (se = b->sides; se != s_end; ++se) {
                    if (u->faction == se->faction)
                        continue;
                    if (alliedunit(u, se->faction, HELP_FIGHT) && !se->bf->attacker) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (enemy(s, se))
                        break;
                }
                if (se == s_end)
                    continue;
                /* keine Einwaende, also soll er mitmachen: */
                if (c == NULL) {
                    if (!join_battle(b, u, false, &c)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                /* the enemy of my friend is my enemy: */
                for (se = b->sides; se != s_end; ++se) {
                    if (se->faction != u->faction && enemy(s, se)) {
                        set_enemy(se, c->side, false);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        int si;
        side *sa;
        faction *f = s->faction;

        /* Den Feinden meiner Feinde gebe ich Deckung (gegen gemeinsame Feinde): */
        for (si = 0; s->enemies[si]; ++si) {
            side *se = s->enemies[si];
            int ai;
            for (ai = 0; se->enemies[ai]; ++ai) {
                side *as = se->enemies[ai];
                if (as == s || !enemy(as, s)) {
                    set_friendly(as, s);
                }
            }
        }

        for (sa = s + 1; sa != b->sides + b->nsides; ++sa) {
            if (!enemy(s, sa) && !friendly(s, sa)) {
                if (alliedfaction(f, sa->faction, HELP_FIGHT)) {
                    if (alliedfaction(sa->faction, f, HELP_FIGHT)) {
                        set_friendly(s, sa);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void flee(const troop dt)
{
    fighter *fig = dt.fighter;
    unit *u = fig->unit;
    int fchance = fleechance(u);

    if (fig->person[dt.index].flags & FL_PANICED) {
        fchance += EFFECT_PANIC_SPELL;
    }
    if (fchance > flee_chance_max_percent) {
        fchance = flee_chance_max_percent;
    }
    if (rng_int() % 100 < fchance) {
        fig->run.hp += fig->person[dt.index].hp;
        ++fig->run.number;

        setguard(u, false);
        kill_troop(dt);
    }
}

static bool is_calmed(const unit *u, const faction *f) {
    attrib *a = a_find(u->attribs, &at_curse);

    while (a && a->type == &at_curse) {
        curse *c = (curse *)a->data.v;
        if (c->type == &ct_calmmonster && curse_geteffect_int(c) == f->uid) {
            if (curse_active(c)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        a = a->next;
    }
    return false;
}

static bool start_battle(region * r, battle ** bp)
{
    battle *b = NULL;
    unit *u;
    bool fighting = false;

    for (u = r->units; u != NULL; u = u->next) {
        if (!long_order_allowed(u, true)) continue;
        if (u->number > 0) {
            order *ord;

            for (ord = u->orders; ord; ord = ord->next) {
                if (getkeyword(ord) == K_ATTACK) {
                    unit *u2;
                    fighter *c1, *c2;
                    ship *lsh = NULL;
                    plane *pl = rplane(r);

                    if (pl && fval(pl, PFL_NOATTACK)) {
                        cmistake(u, ord, 271, MSG_BATTLE);
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (u_race(u)->battle_flags & BF_NO_ATTACK) {
                        ADDMSG(&u->faction->msgs, msg_feedback(u, ord, "race_no_attack",
                            "race", u_race(u)));
                        continue;
                    }
                    /**
                    ** Fehlerbehandlung Angreifer
                    **/
                    if (LongHunger(u)) {
                        cmistake(u, ord, 225, MSG_BATTLE);
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (u->status == ST_AVOID || u->status == ST_FLEE) {
                        cmistake(u, ord, 226, MSG_BATTLE);
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (curse_active(get_curse(r->attribs, &ct_peacezone))) {
                        ADDMSG(&u->faction->msgs, msg_feedback(u, ord, "peace_active", ""));
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (curse_active(get_curse(u->attribs, &ct_slavery))) {
                        ADDMSG(&u->faction->msgs, msg_feedback(u, ord, "slave_active", ""));
                        continue;
                    }

                    if ((u->ship != NULL && !fval(r->terrain, SEA_REGION))
                        || (lsh = leftship(u)) != NULL) {
                        if (is_guarded(r, u)) {
                            if (lsh) {
                                cmistake(u, ord, 234, MSG_BATTLE);
                            }
                            else {
                                /* Fehler: "Das Schiff muss erst verlassen werden" */
                                cmistake(u, ord, 19, MSG_BATTLE);
                            }
                            continue;
                        }
                    }

                    /* Ende Fehlerbehandlung Angreifer */

                    init_order(ord, NULL);
                    /* attackierte Einheit ermitteln */
                    getunit(r, u->faction, &u2);

                    /* Beginn Fehlerbehandlung */
                    /* Fehler: "Die Einheit wurde nicht gefunden" */
                    if (!u2 || u2->number == 0 || u2->region != u->region || !cansee(u->faction, u->region, u2, 0)) {
                        ADDMSG(&u->faction->msgs, msg_feedback(u, ord,
                            "feedback_unit_not_found", ""));
                        continue;
                    }
                    /* Fehler: "Die Einheit ist eine der unsrigen" */
                    if (u2->faction == u->faction) {
                        cmistake(u, ord, 45, MSG_BATTLE);
                        continue;
                    }
                    /* Fehler: "Die Einheit ist mit uns alliert" */
                    if (alliedunit(u, u2->faction, HELP_FIGHT)) {
                        cmistake(u, ord, 47, MSG_BATTLE);
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (IsImmune(u2->faction, faction_age(u2->faction))) {
                        add_message(&u->faction->msgs,
                            msg_feedback(u, u->thisorder, "newbie_immunity_error", "turns",
                                NewbieImmunity()));
                        continue;
                    }

                    /* Fehler: "Die Einheit ist mit uns alliert" */
                    if (is_calmed(u, u2->faction)) {
                        cmistake(u, ord, 47, MSG_BATTLE);
                        continue;
                    }
                    /* Ende Fehlerbehandlung */
                    if (b == NULL) {
                        unit *utmp;
                        for (utmp = r->units; utmp != NULL; utmp = utmp->next) {
                            fset(utmp->faction, FFL_NOAID);
                        }
                        b = make_battle(r);
                    }
                    join_battle(b, u, true, &c1);
                    join_battle(b, u2, false, &c2);

                    if (u2->attribs) {
                        if (it_mistletoe) {
                            int effect = get_effect(u2, it_mistletoe);
                            if (effect >= u->number) {
                                change_effect(u2, it_mistletoe, -u2->number);
                                flee_all(c2);
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    /* Hat die attackierte Einheit keinen Noaid-Status,
                     * wird das Flag von der Faction genommen, andere
                     * Einheiten greifen ein. */
                    if (!fval(u2, UFL_NOAID))
                        freset(u2->faction, FFL_NOAID);

                    if (c1 && c2 && c2->run.number < c2->unit->number) {
                        /* Merken, wer Angreifer ist, fuer die Rueckzahlung der
                         * Praecombataura bei kurzem Kampf. */
                        c1->side->bf->attacker = true;

                        set_enemy(c1->side, c2->side, true);
                        fighting = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    *bp = b;
    return fighting;
}

/** execute one round of attacks
 * fig->fighting is used to determine who attacks, not fig->alive, since
 * the latter may be influenced by attacks that already took place.
 */
static void battle_attacks(battle * b)
{
    side *s;

    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *fig;

        if (b->turn != 0 || (b->max_tactics > 0
            && get_tactics(s, NULL) == b->max_tactics)) {
            for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {

                /* ist in dieser Einheit noch jemand handlungsfaehig? */
                if (fig->fighting <= 0)
                    continue;

                /* Handle the unit's attack on someone */
                do_attack(fig);
            }
        }
    }
}

/** updates the number of attacking troops in each fighter struct.
 * this has to be calculated _before_ the actual attacks take
 * place because otherwise dead troops would not strike in the
 * round they die. */
static void battle_update(battle * b)
{
    side *s;
    for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
        fighter *fig;
        for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
            fig->fighting = fig->alive - fig->removed;
        }
    }
}

/** attempt to flee from battle before the next round begins
 * there's a double attempt before the first round, but only
 * one attempt before round zero, the potential tactics round. */
static void battle_flee(battle * b)
{
    int attempt, flee_ops = 1;

    if (b->turn == 1)
        flee_ops = 2;

    for (attempt = 1; attempt <= flee_ops; ++attempt) {
        side *s;
        for (s = b->sides; s != b->sides + b->nsides; ++s) {
            fighter *fig;
            for (fig = s->fighters; fig; fig = fig->next) {
                unit *u = fig->unit;
                troop dt = { .fighter = fig, .index = fig->alive - fig->removed };
                /* Flucht nicht bei mehr als 600 HP. Damit Wyrme toetbar bleiben. */
                int runhp = (int)(0.9 + unit_max_hp(u) * hpflee(u->status));
                if (runhp > 600) runhp = 600;

                if (fval(u_race(u), RCF_UNDEAD) || u_race(u) == get_race(RC_SHADOWKNIGHT)) {
                    /* Untote fliehen nicht. Warum eigentlich? */
                    continue;
                }

                while (s->size[SUM_ROW] && dt.index != 0) {
                    --dt.index;
                    assert(dt.index >= 0 && dt.index < fig->unit->number);
                    assert(fig->person[dt.index].hp > 0);

                    /* Versuche zu fliehen, wenn
                     * - Kampfstatus fliehe
                     * - schwer verwundet und nicht erste kampfrunde
                     * - in panik (Zauber)
                     * aber nicht, wenn der Zaubereffekt Held auf dir liegt!
                     */
                    switch (u->status) {
                    case ST_FLEE:
                        break;
                    default:
                        if ((fig->person[dt.index].flags & FL_HIT) == 0)
                            continue;
                        if (fig->person[dt.index].hp <= runhp)
                            break;
                        if (fig->person[dt.index].flags & FL_PANICED) {
                            if ((fig->person[dt.index].flags & FL_COURAGE) == 0)
                                break;
                        }
                        continue;
                    }
                    flee(dt);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static bool is_enemy(battle *b, unit *u1, unit *u2) {
    if (u1->faction != u2->faction) {
        if (b) {
            side *es, *s1 = NULL, *s2 = NULL;
            for (es = b->sides; es != b->sides + b->nsides; ++es) {
                if (!s1 && es->faction == u1->faction) s1 = es;
                else if (!s2 && es->faction == u2->faction) s2 = es;
                if (s1 && s2) {
                    return enemy(s1, s2);
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            return !help_enter(u1, u2);
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void force_leave(region *r, battle *b) {
    unit *u;

    for (u = r->units; u; u = u->next) {
        unit *uo = NULL;

        if (is_paused(u->faction)) continue;

        if (u->building) {
            uo = building_owner(u->building);
        }
        else if (u->ship && r->land) {
            uo = ship_owner(u->ship);
        }
        else {
            continue;
        }
        if (is_enemy(b, uo, u)) {
            if (leave(u, true)) {
                message *msg;
                if (uo->building) {
                    msg = msg_message("force_leave_building", "unit owner building", u, uo, uo->building);
                }
                else {
                    msg = msg_message("force_leave_ship", "unit owner ship", u, uo, uo->ship);
                }
                add_message(&u->faction->msgs, msg);
                add_message(&uo->faction->msgs, msg);
                msg_release(msg);
            }
        }
    }
}


static void do_battle(region * r) {
    battle *b = NULL;
    bool fighting;
    ship *sh;
    int i;

    fighting = start_battle(r, &b);

    if (b == NULL)
        return;

    /* Bevor wir die alliierten hineinziehen, sollten wir schauen, *
     * Ob jemand fliehen kann. Dann eruebrigt sich das ganze ja
     * vielleicht schon. */
    report_battle_start(b);
    if (!fighting) {
        /* Niemand mehr da, Kampf kann nicht stattfinden. */
        message *m = msg_message("aborted_battle", "");
        message_all(b, m);
        msg_release(m);
        free_battle(b);
        return;
    }
    join_allies(b);
    make_heroes(b);

    /* statistics are fun */
    for (i = 0; i != b->nsides; ++i) {
        side *s = b->sides + i;
        if (s->faction->flags & FFL_NPC) {
            stats_count("battle.pve", 1);
            break;
        }
    }
    if (i == b->nsides) {
        stats_count("battle.pvp", 1);
    }

    /* make sure no ships are damaged initially */
    for (sh = r->ships; sh; sh = sh->next)
        freset(sh, SF_DAMAGED);

    /* Gibt es eine Taktikrunde ? */
    if (!selist_empty(b->leaders)) {
        b->turn = 0;
        b->has_tactics_turn = true;
    }
    else {
        b->turn = 1;
        b->has_tactics_turn = false;
    }

    /* PRECOMBATSPELLS */
    do_combatmagic(b, DO_PRECOMBATSPELL);

    print_stats(b);               /* gibt die Kampfaufstellung aus */
    log_debug("battle in %s (%d, %d) : ", regionname(r, 0), r->x, r->y);

    for (; battle_report(b) && b->turn <= max_turns; ++b->turn) {
        battle_flee(b);
        battle_update(b);
        battle_attacks(b);

    }

    /* Auswirkungen berechnen: */
    aftermath(b);
    if (rule_force_leave(FORCE_LEAVE_POSTCOMBAT)) {
        force_leave(b->region, b);
    }
    /* Hier ist das Gefecht beendet, und wir koennen die
     * Hilfsstrukturen * wieder loeschen: */

    free_battle(b);
}

void do_battles(void) {
    region *r;
    init_rules();
    for (r = regions; r; r = r->next) {
        do_battle(r);
    }
}