filelib.erl

%%
%% %CopyrightBegin%
%%
%% Copyright Ericsson AB 1997-2024. All Rights Reserved.
%%
%% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
%% you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
%% You may obtain a copy of the License at
%%
%%     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
%%
%% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
%% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
%% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
%% See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
%% limitations under the License.
%%
%% %CopyrightEnd%

-module(filelib).
-moduledoc """
File utilities, such as wildcard matching of filenames.

This module contains utilities on a higher level than the `m:file` module.

This module does not support "raw" filenames (that is, files whose names do not
comply with the expected encoding). Such files are ignored by the functions in
this module.

For more information about raw filenames, see the `m:file` module.

> #### Note {: .info }
>
> Functionality in this module generally assumes valid input and does not
> necessarily fail on input that does not use a valid encoding, but may instead
> very likely produce invalid output.
>
> File operations used to accept filenames containing null characters (integer
> value zero). This caused the name to be truncated and in some cases arguments
> to primitive operations to be mixed up. Filenames containing null characters
> inside the filename are now _rejected_ and will cause primitive file
> operations to fail.

> #### Warning {: .warning }
>
> Currently null characters at the end of the filename will be accepted by
> primitive file operations. Such filenames are however still documented as
> invalid. The implementation will also change in the future and reject such
> filenames.
""".

%% File utilities.
-export([wildcard/1, wildcard/2, is_dir/1, is_file/1, is_regular/1]).
-export([fold_files/5, last_modified/1, file_size/1, ensure_dir/1, ensure_path/1]).
-export([wildcard/3, is_dir/2, is_file/2, is_regular/2]).
-export([fold_files/6, last_modified/2, file_size/2]).
-export([find_file/2, find_file/3, find_source/1, find_source/2, find_source/3]).
-export([safe_relative_path/2]).

%% For debugging/testing.
-export([compile_wildcard/1]).

-include_lib("kernel/include/file.hrl").

-define(HANDLE_ERROR(Expr),
	try
	    Expr
	catch
	    error:{badpattern,_}=UnUsUalVaRiAbLeNaMe ->
		%% Get the stack backtrace correct.
		error(UnUsUalVaRiAbLeNaMe)
	end).

-type filename() :: file:name().
-type dirname() :: filename().

-type filename_all() :: file:name_all().
-type dirname_all() :: filename_all().

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

-doc """
Returns a list of all files that match Unix-style wildcard string `Wildcard`.

The wildcard string looks like an ordinary filename, except that the following
"wildcard characters" are interpreted in a special way:

- **?** - Matches one character.

- **\*** - Matches any number of characters up to the end of the filename, the
  next dot, or the next slash.

- **\*\*** - Two adjacent `*` used as a single pattern match all files and zero
  or more directories and subdirectories.

- **\[Character1,Character2,...]** - Matches any of the characters listed. Two
  characters separated by a hyphen match a range of characters. Example: `[A-Z]`
  matches any uppercase letter.

- **\{Item,...\}** - Alternation. Matches one of the alternatives.

Other characters represent themselves. Only filenames that have exactly the same
character in the same position match. Matching is case-sensitive, for example,
"a" does not match "A".

Directory separators must always be written as `/`, even on Windows.

A character preceded by `\` loses its special meaning. Note that `\` must be
written as `\\` in a string literal. For example, "\\\\?\*" will match any
filename starting with `?`.

Notice that multiple "\*" characters are allowed (as in Unix wildcards, but
opposed to Windows/DOS wildcards).

_Examples:_

The following examples assume that the current directory is the top of an
Erlang/OTP installation.

To find all `.beam` files in all applications, use the following line:

```text
filelib:wildcard("lib/*/ebin/*.beam").
```

To find `.erl` or `.hrl` in all applications `src` directories, use either of
the following lines:

```text
filelib:wildcard("lib/*/src/*.?rl")
```

```text
filelib:wildcard("lib/*/src/*.{erl,hrl}")
```

To find all `.hrl` files in `src` or `include` directories:

```text
filelib:wildcard("lib/*/{src,include}/*.hrl").
```

To find all `.erl` or `.hrl` files in either `src` or `include` directories:

```text
filelib:wildcard("lib/*/{src,include}/*.{erl,hrl}")
```

To find all `.erl` or `.hrl` files in any subdirectory:

```text
filelib:wildcard("lib/**/*.{erl,hrl}")
```
""".
-spec wildcard(Wildcard) -> [file:filename()] when
      Wildcard :: filename() | dirname().
wildcard(Pattern) when is_list(Pattern) ->
    ?HANDLE_ERROR(do_wildcard(Pattern, ".", file)).

-doc """
Same as `wildcard/1`, except that `Cwd` is used instead of the working
directory.
""".
-spec wildcard(Wildcard, Cwd) -> [file:filename()] when
      Wildcard :: filename() | dirname(),
      Cwd :: dirname().
wildcard(Pattern, Cwd) when is_list(Pattern), is_list(Cwd) ->
    ?HANDLE_ERROR(do_wildcard(Pattern, Cwd, file));
wildcard(Pattern, Mod) when is_list(Pattern), is_atom(Mod) ->
    ?HANDLE_ERROR(do_wildcard(Pattern, ".", Mod)).

-doc false.
-spec wildcard(file:name(), file:name(), atom()) -> [file:filename()].
wildcard(Pattern, Cwd, Mod)
  when is_list(Pattern), is_list(Cwd), is_atom(Mod) ->
    ?HANDLE_ERROR(do_wildcard(Pattern, Cwd, Mod)).

-doc "Returns `true` if `Name` refers to a directory, otherwise `false`.".
-spec is_dir(Name) -> boolean() when
      Name :: filename_all() | dirname_all().
is_dir(Dir) ->
    do_is_dir(Dir, file).

-doc false.
-spec is_dir(file:name_all(), atom()) -> boolean().
is_dir(Dir, Mod) when is_atom(Mod) ->
    do_is_dir(Dir, Mod).

-doc "Returns `true` if `Name` refers to a file or a directory, otherwise `false`.".
-spec is_file(Name) -> boolean() when
      Name :: filename_all() | dirname_all().
is_file(File) ->
    do_is_file(File, file).

-doc false.
-spec is_file(file:name_all(), atom()) -> boolean().
is_file(File, Mod) when is_atom(Mod) ->
    do_is_file(File, Mod).

-doc "Returns `true` if `Name` refers to a (regular) file, otherwise `false`.".
-spec is_regular(Name) -> boolean() when
      Name :: filename_all().
is_regular(File) ->
    do_is_regular(File, file).
    
-doc false.
-spec is_regular(file:name_all(), atom()) -> boolean().
is_regular(File, Mod) when is_atom(Mod) ->
    do_is_regular(File, Mod).
    
-doc """
Folds function `Fun` over all (regular) files `F` in directory `Dir` whose
basename (for example, just `"baz.erl"` in `"foo/bar/baz.erl"`) matches the
regular expression `RegExp` (for a description of the allowed regular
expressions, see the `m:re` module).

If `Recursive` is `true`, all subdirectories to `Dir` are processed.
The regular expression matching is only done on the filename without the directory part.

If Unicode filename translation is in effect and the file system is transparent,
filenames that cannot be interpreted as Unicode can be encountered, in which
case the `fun()` must be prepared to handle raw filenames (that is, binaries).
If the regular expression contains codepoints > 255, it does not match filenames
that do not conform to the expected character encoding (that is, are not encoded
in valid UTF-8).

For more information about raw filenames, see the `m:file` module.
""".
-spec fold_files(Dir, RegExp, Recursive, Fun, AccIn) -> AccOut when
      Dir :: dirname(),
      RegExp :: string(),
      Recursive :: boolean(),
      Fun :: fun((F :: file:filename(), AccIn) -> AccOut),
      AccIn :: term(),
      AccOut :: term().
fold_files(Dir, RegExp, Recursive, Fun, Acc) ->
    do_fold_files(Dir, RegExp, Recursive, Fun, Acc, file).

-doc false.
-spec fold_files(file:name(), string(), boolean(), fun((_,_) -> _), _, atom()) -> _.
fold_files(Dir, RegExp, Recursive, Fun, Acc, Mod) when is_atom(Mod) ->
    do_fold_files(Dir, RegExp, Recursive, Fun, Acc, Mod).

-doc """
Returns the date and time the specified file or directory was last modified, or
`0` if the file does not exist.
""".
-spec last_modified(Name) -> file:date_time() | 0 when
      Name :: filename_all() | dirname_all().
last_modified(File) ->
    do_last_modified(File, file).

-doc false.
-spec last_modified(file:name_all(), atom()) -> file:date_time() | 0.
last_modified(File, Mod) when is_atom(Mod) ->
    do_last_modified(File, Mod).

-doc "Returns the size of the specified file.".
-spec file_size(Filename) -> non_neg_integer() when
      Filename :: filename_all().
file_size(File) ->
    do_file_size(File, file).

-doc false.
-spec file_size(file:name(), atom()) -> non_neg_integer().
file_size(File, Mod) when is_atom(Mod) ->
    do_file_size(File, Mod).

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

do_is_dir(Dir, Mod) ->
    case eval_read_file_info(Dir, Mod) of
	{ok, #file_info{type=directory}} ->
	    true;
	_ ->
	    false
    end.

do_is_file(File, Mod) ->
    case eval_read_file_info(File, Mod) of
	{ok, #file_info{type=regular}} ->
	    true;
	{ok, #file_info{type=directory}} ->
	    true;
        _ ->
            false
    end.

do_is_regular(File, Mod) ->
    case eval_read_file_info(File, Mod) of
	{ok, #file_info{type=regular}} ->
	    true;
        _ ->
            false
    end.

%% fold_files(Dir, RegExp, Recursive, Fun, AccIn).

%% folds the function Fun(F, Acc) -> Acc1 over
%%   all files <F> in <Dir> that match the regular expression <RegExp>
%%   If <Recursive> is true all sub-directories to <Dir> are processed

do_fold_files(Dir, RegExp, Recursive, Fun, Acc, Mod) ->
    {ok, Re1} = re:compile(RegExp,[unicode]),
    do_fold_files1(Dir, Re1, RegExp, Recursive, Fun, Acc, Mod).

do_fold_files1(Dir, RegExp, OrigRE, Recursive, Fun, Acc, Mod) ->
    case eval_list_dir(Dir, Mod) of
	{ok, Files} -> do_fold_files2(Files, Dir, RegExp, OrigRE,
				      Recursive, Fun, Acc, Mod);
	{error, _}  -> Acc
    end.

%% OrigRE is not to be compiled as it's for non conforming filenames,
%% i.e. for filenames that does not comply to the current encoding, which should
%% be very rare. We use it only in those cases and do not want to precompile.
do_fold_files2([], _Dir, _RegExp, _OrigRE, _Recursive, _Fun, Acc, _Mod) -> 
    Acc;
do_fold_files2([File|T], Dir, RegExp, OrigRE, Recursive, Fun, Acc0, Mod) ->
    FullName = filename:join(Dir, File),
    case do_is_regular(FullName, Mod) of
	true  ->
	    case (catch re:run(File, if is_binary(File) -> OrigRE; 
					true -> RegExp end, 
			       [{capture,none}])) of
		match  -> 
		    Acc = Fun(FullName, Acc0),
		    do_fold_files2(T, Dir, RegExp, OrigRE, Recursive, Fun, Acc, Mod);
		{'EXIT',_} ->
		    do_fold_files2(T, Dir, RegExp, OrigRE, Recursive, Fun, Acc0, Mod);
		nomatch ->
		    do_fold_files2(T, Dir, RegExp, OrigRE, Recursive, Fun, Acc0, Mod)
	    end;
	false ->
	    case Recursive andalso do_is_dir(FullName, Mod) of
		true ->
		    Acc1 = do_fold_files1(FullName, RegExp, OrigRE, Recursive,
					  Fun, Acc0, Mod),
		    do_fold_files2(T, Dir, RegExp, OrigRE, Recursive, Fun, Acc1, Mod);
		false ->
		    do_fold_files2(T, Dir, RegExp, OrigRE, Recursive, Fun, Acc0, Mod)
	    end
    end.

do_last_modified(File, Mod) ->
    case eval_read_file_info(File, Mod) of
	{ok, Info} ->
	    Info#file_info.mtime;
	_ ->
	    0
    end.

do_file_size(File, Mod) ->
    case eval_read_file_info(File, Mod) of
	{ok, Info} ->
	    Info#file_info.size;
	_ ->
	    0
    end.


%%----------------------------------------------------------------------
%% +type ensure_dir(X) -> ok | {error, Reason}.
%% +type X = filename() | dirname()
%% ensures that the directory name required to create D exists

-doc """
Ensures that all parent directories for the specified file or directory name
`Name` exist, trying to create them if necessary.

Returns `ok` if all parent directories already exist or can be created. Returns
`{error, Reason}` if some parent directory does not exist and cannot be created.
""".
-spec ensure_dir(Name) -> 'ok' | {'error', Reason} when
      Name :: filename_all() | dirname_all(),
      Reason :: file:posix().
ensure_dir("/") ->
    ok;
ensure_dir(F) ->
    Dir = filename:dirname(F),
    ensure_path(Dir).

-doc """
Ensures that all parent directories for the specified path `Path` exist, trying
to create them if necessary.

Unlike `ensure_dir/1`, this function will attempt to create all path segments as
a directory, including the last segment.

Returns `ok` if all parent directories already exist or can be created. Returns
`{error, Reason}` if some parent directory does not exist and cannot be created.
""".
-doc(#{since => <<"OTP 25.0">>}).
-spec ensure_path(Path) -> 'ok' | {'error', Reason} when
      Path :: dirname_all(),
      Reason :: file:posix().
ensure_path("/") ->
    ok;

ensure_path(Path) -> 
    case do_is_dir(Path, file) of
        true -> 
            ok;
        false -> 
            case filename:dirname(Path) of 
                Parent when Parent =:= Path -> 
                    {error,einval};
                Parent -> 
                     _ = ensure_path(Parent),
                    case file:make_dir(Path) of
                        {error,eexist}=EExist ->
                            case do_is_dir(Path, file) of
                                true -> 
                                    ok;
                                false -> 
                                    EExist 
                            end;
                        Other ->
                            Other
                    end
            end
    end.

%%%
%%% Pattern matching using a compiled wildcard.
%%%

do_wildcard(Pattern, Cwd, Mod) ->
    {Compiled,PrefixLen} = compile_wildcard(Pattern, Cwd),
    Files0 = do_wildcard_1(Compiled, Mod),
    Files = if
		PrefixLen =:= 0 ->
		    Files0;
		true ->
		    [lists:nthtail(PrefixLen, File) || File <- Files0]
	    end,
    lists:sort(Files).

do_wildcard_1({exists,File}, Mod) ->
    case exists(File, Mod) of
	true -> [File];
	false -> []
    end;
do_wildcard_1([Base|Rest], Mod) ->
    do_wildcard_2([Base], Rest, [], Mod).

do_wildcard_2([File|Rest], Pattern, Result, Mod) ->
    do_wildcard_2(Rest, Pattern, do_wildcard_3(File, Pattern, Result, Mod), Mod);
do_wildcard_2([], _, Result, _Mod) ->
    Result.

do_wildcard_3(Base, [[double_star]|Rest], Result, Mod) ->
    do_double_star(".", [Base], Rest, Result, Mod, true);
do_wildcard_3(Base, [".."|Rest], Result, Mod) ->
    case do_is_dir(Base, Mod) of
        true ->
            Matches = [filename:join(Base, "..")],
            do_wildcard_2(Matches, Rest, Result, Mod);
        false ->
            Result
    end;
do_wildcard_3(Base0, [Pattern|Rest], Result, Mod) ->
    case do_list_dir(Base0, Mod) of
	{ok, Files} ->
	    Base = prepare_base(Base0),
	    Matches = do_wildcard_4(Pattern, Base, Files),
	    do_wildcard_2(Matches, Rest, Result, Mod);
	_ ->
	    Result
    end;
do_wildcard_3(Base, [], Result, _Mod) ->
    [Base|Result].

do_wildcard_4(Pattern, Base, Files) ->
    case will_always_match(Pattern) of
	false ->
	    [Base++F || F <- Files, match_part(Pattern, F)];
	true ->
	    [Base++F || F <- Files]
    end.

match_part([question|Rest1], [_|Rest2]) ->
    match_part(Rest1, Rest2);
match_part([accept], _) ->
    true;
match_part([double_star], _) ->
    true;
match_part([star|Rest], File) ->
    do_star(Rest, File);
match_part([{one_of, Ordset}|Rest], [C|File]) ->
    gb_sets:is_element(C, Ordset) andalso match_part(Rest, File);
match_part([{alt, Alts}], File) ->
    do_alt(Alts, File);
match_part([C|Rest1], [C|Rest2]) when is_integer(C) ->
    match_part(Rest1, Rest2);
match_part([X|_], [Y|_]) when is_integer(X), is_integer(Y) ->
    false;
match_part([], []) ->
    true;
match_part([], [_|_]) ->
    false;
match_part([_|_], []) ->
    false.

will_always_match([accept]) -> true;
will_always_match([double_star]) -> true;
will_always_match(_) -> false.

prepare_base(Base0) ->
    Base1 = filename:join(Base0, "x"),
    "x"++Base2 = lists:reverse(Base1),
    lists:reverse(Base2).

do_double_star(Base, [H|T], Patterns, Result0, Mod, Root) ->
    Full = case Root of
               false -> filename:join(Base, H);
               true -> H
           end,
    Result1 = case do_list_dir(Full, Mod) of
                  {ok, Files} ->
                      do_double_star(Full, Files, Patterns, Result0, Mod, false);
                  _ -> Result0
              end,
    Result2 = case Patterns of
                  %% The root is never included in the result.
                  _ when Root -> Result1;

                  %% An empty pattern includes all results (except the root).
                  [] -> [Full | Result1];

                  %% Otherwise we check if the current entry matches
                  %% and continue recursively.
                  [Pattern | Rest] ->
                      case match_part(Pattern, H) of
                          true ->  do_wildcard_2([Full], Rest, Result1, Mod);
                          false -> Result1
                      end
              end,
    do_double_star(Base, T, Patterns, Result2, Mod, Root);
do_double_star(_Base, [], _Patterns, Result, _Mod, _Root) ->
    Result.

do_star(Pattern, [_|Rest]=File) ->
    match_part(Pattern, File) orelse do_star(Pattern, Rest);
do_star(Pattern, []) ->
    match_part(Pattern, []).

do_alt([Alt|Rest], File) ->
    match_part(Alt, File) orelse do_alt(Rest, File);
do_alt([], _File) ->
    false.

do_list_dir(Dir, Mod) ->     eval_list_dir(Dir, Mod).

	    
%%% Compiling a wildcard.


%% Define characters used for escaping a \.
-define(ESCAPE_PREFIX, $@).
-define(ESCAPE_CHARACTER, [?ESCAPE_PREFIX,$e]).
-define(ESCAPED_ESCAPE_PREFIX, [?ESCAPE_PREFIX,?ESCAPE_PREFIX]).

%% Only for debugging.
-doc false.
compile_wildcard(Pattern) when is_list(Pattern) ->
    {compiled_wildcard,?HANDLE_ERROR(compile_wildcard(Pattern, "."))}.

compile_wildcard(Pattern0, Cwd0) ->
    Pattern = convert_escapes(Pattern0),
    [Root|Rest] = filename:split(Pattern),
    case filename:pathtype(Root) of
	relative ->
	    Cwd = prepare_base(Cwd0),
	    compile_wildcard_2([Root|Rest], {cwd,Cwd});
	_ ->
	    compile_wildcard_2(Rest, {root,0,Root})
    end.

compile_wildcard_2([Part|Rest], Root) ->
    Pattern = compile_part(Part),
    case is_literal_pattern(Pattern) of
        true ->
            %% Add this literal pattern to the literal pattern prefix.
            %% This is an optimization to avoid listing all files of
            %% a directory only to discard all but one. For example,
            %% without this optimizaton, there would be three
            %% redundant directory listings when executing this
            %% wildcard: "./lib/compiler/ebin/*.beam"
            compile_wildcard_2(Rest, compile_join(Root, Pattern));
        false ->
            %% This is the end of the literal prefix. Compile the
            %% rest of the pattern.
            compile_wildcard_3(Rest, [Pattern,Root])
    end;
compile_wildcard_2([], {root,PrefixLen,Root}) ->
    {{exists,Root},PrefixLen}.

is_literal_pattern([H|T]) ->
    is_integer(H) andalso is_literal_pattern(T);
is_literal_pattern([]) ->
    true.

compile_wildcard_3([Part|Rest], Result) ->
    compile_wildcard_3(Rest, [compile_part(Part)|Result]);
compile_wildcard_3([], Result) ->
    case lists:reverse(Result) of
	[{root,PrefixLen,Root}|Compiled] ->
	    {[Root|Compiled],PrefixLen};
	[{cwd,Root}|Compiled] ->
	    {[Root|Compiled],length(filename:join(Root, "x"))-1}
    end.

compile_join({cwd,"."}, File) ->
    {root,0,File};
compile_join({cwd,Cwd}, File0) ->
    File = filename:join([File0]),
    Root = filename:join(Cwd, File),
    PrefixLen = length(Root) - length(File),
    {root,PrefixLen,Root};
compile_join({root,PrefixLen,Root}, File) ->
    {root,PrefixLen,filename:join(Root, File)}.

compile_part(Part0) ->
    Part = wrap_escapes(Part0),
    compile_part(Part, false, []).

compile_part_to_sep(Part) ->
    compile_part(Part, true, []).

compile_part([], true, _) ->
    badpattern(missing_delimiter);
compile_part([$,|Rest], true, Result) ->
    {ok, $,, lists:reverse(Result), Rest};
compile_part([$}|Rest], true, Result) ->
    {ok, $}, lists:reverse(Result), Rest};
compile_part([$?|Rest], Upto, Result) ->
    compile_part(Rest, Upto, [question|Result]);
compile_part([$*,$*], Upto, Result) ->
    compile_part([], Upto, [double_star|Result]);
compile_part([$*,$*|Rest], Upto, Result) ->
    compile_part(Rest, Upto, [star|Result]);
compile_part([$*], Upto, Result) ->
    compile_part([], Upto, [accept|Result]);
compile_part([$*|Rest], Upto, Result) ->
    compile_part(Rest, Upto, [star|Result]);
compile_part([$[|Rest], Upto, Result) ->
    case compile_charset(Rest, ordsets:new()) of
	{ok, Charset, Rest1} ->
	    compile_part(Rest1, Upto, [Charset|Result]);
	error ->
	    compile_part(Rest, Upto, [$[|Result])
    end;
compile_part([${|Rest], Upto, Result) ->
    case compile_alt(Rest) of
	{ok, Alt} ->
	    lists:reverse(Result, [Alt]);
	error ->
	    compile_part(Rest, Upto, [${|Result])
    end;
compile_part([{escaped,X}|Rest], Upto, Result) ->
    compile_part(Rest, Upto, [X|Result]);
compile_part([X|Rest], Upto, Result) ->
    compile_part(Rest, Upto, [X|Result]);
compile_part([], _Upto, Result) ->
    lists:reverse(Result).

compile_charset([$]|Rest], Ordset) ->
    compile_charset1(Rest, ordsets:add_element($], Ordset));
compile_charset([], _Ordset) ->
    error;
compile_charset(List, Ordset) ->
    compile_charset1(List, Ordset).

compile_charset1([Lower, $-, Upper|Rest], Ordset) when Lower =< Upper ->
    compile_charset1(Rest, compile_range(Lower, Upper, Ordset));
compile_charset1([$]|Rest], Ordset) ->
    {ok, {one_of, gb_sets:from_ordset(Ordset)}, Rest};
compile_charset1([{escaped,X}|Rest], Ordset) ->
    compile_charset1(Rest, ordsets:add_element(X, Ordset));
compile_charset1([X|Rest], Ordset) ->
    compile_charset1(Rest, ordsets:add_element(X, Ordset));
compile_charset1([], _Ordset) ->
    error.
    
compile_range(Lower, Current, Ordset) when Lower =< Current ->
    compile_range(Lower, Current-1, ordsets:add_element(Current, Ordset));
compile_range(_, _, Ordset) ->
    Ordset.

compile_alt(Pattern) ->
    compile_alt(Pattern, []).

compile_alt(Pattern, Result) ->
    case compile_part_to_sep(Pattern) of
	{ok, $,, AltPattern, Rest} ->
	    compile_alt(Rest, [AltPattern|Result]);
	{ok, $}, AltPattern, Rest} ->
	    NewResult = [AltPattern|Result],
	    RestPattern = compile_part(Rest),
	    {ok, {alt, [Alt++RestPattern || Alt <- NewResult]}};
	Pattern ->
	    error
    end.

%% Convert backslashes to an illegal Unicode character to
%% protect in from filename:split/1.

convert_escapes([?ESCAPE_PREFIX|T]) ->
    ?ESCAPED_ESCAPE_PREFIX ++ convert_escapes(T);
convert_escapes([$\\|T]) ->
    ?ESCAPE_CHARACTER ++ convert_escapes(T);
convert_escapes([H|T]) ->
    [H|convert_escapes(T)];
convert_escapes([]) ->
    [].

%% Wrap each escape in a tuple to remove the special meaning for
%% the character that follows.

wrap_escapes(?ESCAPED_ESCAPE_PREFIX ++ T) ->
    [?ESCAPE_PREFIX|wrap_escapes(T)];
wrap_escapes(?ESCAPE_CHARACTER ++ [C|T]) ->
    [{escaped,C}|wrap_escapes(T)];
wrap_escapes(?ESCAPE_CHARACTER) ->
    [];
wrap_escapes([H|T]) ->
    [H|wrap_escapes(T)];
wrap_escapes([]) ->
    [].

badpattern(Reason) ->
    error({badpattern,Reason}).

exists(File, Mod) ->
    case eval_read_link_info(File, Mod) of
        {error, _} ->
            false;
        {ok, _Info} ->
            case os:type() of
                {win32,_} ->
                    do_exists(filename:split(File), Mod, []);
                _ ->
                    true
            end
    end.

do_exists([P,".."|Ps], Mod, Acc) ->
    %% On Windows, "pathname/.." will seem to exist even if pathname
    %% does not refer to a directory.
    Path = case Acc of
               [] -> P;
               _ -> filename:join(lists:reverse(Acc, [P]))
           end,
    case eval_read_link_info(Path, Mod) of
        {ok, #file_info{type=directory}} ->
            do_exists(Ps, Mod, Acc);
        _ ->
            false
    end;
do_exists([P|Ps], Mod, Acc) ->
    do_exists(Ps, Mod, [P|Acc]);
do_exists([], _, _) -> true.

eval_read_file_info(File, file) ->
    file:read_file_info(File);
eval_read_file_info(File, erl_prim_loader) ->
    case erl_prim_loader:read_file_info(File) of
	error -> {error, erl_prim_loader};
	Res-> Res
    end;
eval_read_file_info(File, Mod) ->
    Mod:read_file_info(File).

eval_read_link_info(File, file) ->
    file:read_link_info(File);
eval_read_link_info(File, erl_prim_loader) ->
    case erl_prim_loader:read_link_info(File) of
        error -> {error, erl_prim_loader};
        Res-> Res
    end;
eval_read_link_info(File, Mod) ->
    Mod:read_link_info(File).

eval_list_dir(Dir, file) ->
    file:list_dir(Dir);
eval_list_dir(Dir, erl_prim_loader) ->
    case erl_prim_loader:list_dir(Dir) of
	error -> {error, erl_prim_loader};
	Res-> Res
    end;
eval_list_dir(Dir, Mod) ->
    Mod:list_dir(Dir).

%% Getting the rules to use for file search

keep_dir_search_rules(Rules) ->
    [T || {_,_}=T <- Rules].

keep_suffix_search_rules(Rules) ->
    [T || {_,_,_}=T <- Rules].

get_search_rules() ->
    case application:get_env(kernel, source_search_rules) of
        undefined -> default_search_rules();
        {ok, []}  -> default_search_rules();
        {ok, R} when is_list(R) -> R
    end.

default_search_rules() ->
    [%% suffix-speficic rules for source search
     {".beam", ".erl", erl_source_search_rules()},
     {".erl", ".yrl", []},
     {"", ".src", erl_source_search_rules()},
     {".so", ".c", c_source_search_rules()},
     {".o", ".c", c_source_search_rules()},
     {"", ".c", c_source_search_rules()},
     {"", ".in", basic_source_search_rules()},
     {".beam", ".asn1", asn1_source_search_rules()},
     %% plain old directory rules, backwards compatible
     {"", ""}] ++ erl_source_search_rules().

basic_source_search_rules() ->
    (erl_source_search_rules()
     ++ c_source_search_rules()).

erl_source_search_rules() ->
    [{"ebin","src"}, {"ebin","esrc"},
     {"ebin",filename:join("src", "*")},
     {"ebin",filename:join("esrc", "*")}].

c_source_search_rules() ->
    [{"priv","c_src"}, {"priv","src"}, {"bin","c_src"}, {"bin","src"}, {"", "src"}].

asn1_source_search_rules() ->
    [{"ebin","src"},{"ebin","asn1"}].

%% Looks for a file relative to a given directory

-type find_file_rule() :: {ObjDirSuffix::string(), SrcDirSuffix::string()}.

-doc(#{equiv => find_file(Filename, Dir, [])}).
-doc(#{since => <<"OTP 20.0">>}).
-spec find_file(Filename :: filename(), Dir :: filename()) ->
        {ok, filename()} | {error, not_found}.
find_file(Filename, Dir) ->
    find_file(Filename, Dir, []).

-doc """
Looks for a file of the given name by applying suffix rules to the given
directory path.

For example, a rule `{"ebin", "src"}` means that if the directory path ends with
 `"ebin"`, the corresponding path ending in `"src"` should be searched.

If `Rules` is left out or is an empty list, the default system rules are used.
See also the Kernel application parameter
[`source_search_rules`](`e:kernel:kernel_app.md#source_search_rules`).
""".
-doc(#{since => <<"OTP 20.0">>}).
-spec find_file(filename(), filename(), [find_file_rule()]) ->
        {ok, filename()} | {error, not_found}.
find_file(Filename, Dir, []) ->
    find_file(Filename, Dir, get_search_rules());
find_file(Filename, Dir, Rules) ->
    try_dir_rules(keep_dir_search_rules(Rules), Filename, Dir).

%% Looks for a source file relative to the object file name and directory

-type find_source_rule() :: {ObjExtension::string(), SrcExtension::string(),
                             [find_file_rule()]}.

-doc """
Equivalent to [`find_source(Base, Dir)`](`find_source/2`), where `Dir` is
`filename:dirname(FilePath)` and `Base` is `filename:basename(FilePath)`.
""".
-doc(#{since => <<"OTP 20.0">>}).
-spec find_source(filename()) ->
        {ok, filename()} | {error, not_found}.
find_source(FilePath) ->
    find_source(filename:basename(FilePath), filename:dirname(FilePath)).

-doc(#{equiv => find_source(Filename, Dir, [])}).
-doc(#{since => <<"OTP 20.0">>}).
-spec find_source(filename(), filename()) ->
        {ok, filename()} | {error, not_found}.
find_source(Filename, Dir) ->
    find_source(Filename, Dir, []).

-doc """
Applies file extension specific rules to find the source file for a given object
file relative to the object directory.

For example, for a file with the extension `.beam`, the default rule is to look
for a file with a corresponding extension `.erl` by replacing the suffix `"ebin"`
of the object directory path with `"src"` or `"src/*"`. The file search is done
through `find_file/3`. The directory of the object file is always tried before
any other directory specified by the rules.

If `Rules` is left out or is an empty list, the default system rules are used.
See also the Kernel application parameter
[`source_search_rules`](`e:kernel:kernel_app.md#source_search_rules`).
""".
-doc(#{since => <<"OTP 20.0">>}).
-spec find_source(filename(), filename(), [find_source_rule()]) ->
        {ok, filename()} | {error, not_found}.
find_source(Filename, Dir, []) ->
    find_source(Filename, Dir, get_search_rules());
find_source(Filename, Dir, Rules) ->
    try_suffix_rules(keep_suffix_search_rules(Rules), Filename, Dir).

try_suffix_rules(Rules, Filename, Dir) ->
    Ext = filename:extension(Filename),
    try_suffix_rules(Rules, filename:rootname(Filename, Ext), Dir, Ext).

try_suffix_rules([{Ext,Src,Rules}|Rest], Root, Dir, Ext)
  when is_list(Src), is_list(Rules) ->
    case try_dir_rules(add_local_search(Rules), Root ++ Src, Dir) of
        {ok, File} -> {ok, File};
        _Other ->
            try_suffix_rules(Rest, Root, Dir, Ext)
    end;
try_suffix_rules([_|Rest], Root, Dir, Ext) ->
    try_suffix_rules(Rest, Root, Dir, Ext);
try_suffix_rules([], _Root, _Dir, _Ext) ->
    {error, not_found}.

%% ensuring we check the directory of the object file before any other directory
add_local_search(Rules) ->
    Local = {"",""},
    [Local] ++ lists:filter(fun (X) -> X =/= Local end, Rules).

try_dir_rules([{From, To}|Rest], Filename, Dir)
  when is_list(From), is_list(To) ->
    case try_dir_rule(Dir, Filename, From, To) of
	{ok, File} -> {ok, File};
	error      -> try_dir_rules(Rest, Filename, Dir)
    end;
try_dir_rules([], _Filename, _Dir) ->
    {error, not_found}.

try_dir_rule(Dir, Filename, From, To) ->
    case lists:suffix(From, Dir) of
	true ->
	    NewDir = lists:sublist(Dir, 1, length(Dir)-length(From))++To,
	    Src = filename:join(NewDir, Filename),
	    case is_regular(Src) of
		true -> {ok, Src};
		false -> find_regular_file(wildcard(Src))
	    end;
	false ->
	    error
    end.

find_regular_file([]) ->
    error;
find_regular_file([File|Files]) ->
    case is_regular(File) of
        true -> {ok, File};
        false -> find_regular_file(Files)
    end.

-doc """
Sanitizes the relative path by eliminating ".." and "." components to protect
against directory traversal attacks.

Either returns the sanitized path name, or the atom `unsafe` if the path is unsafe.
The path is considered unsafe in the following circumstances:

- The path is not relative.
- A ".." component would climb up above the root of the relative path.
- A symbolic link in the path points above the root of the relative path.

_Examples:_

```erlang
1> {ok, Cwd} = file:get_cwd().
...
2> filelib:safe_relative_path("dir/sub_dir/..", Cwd).
"dir"
3> filelib:safe_relative_path("dir/..", Cwd).
[]
4> filelib:safe_relative_path("dir/../..", Cwd).
unsafe
5> filelib:safe_relative_path("/abs/path", Cwd).
unsafe
```
""".
-doc(#{since => <<"OTP 23.0">>}).
-spec safe_relative_path(Filename, Cwd) -> unsafe | SafeFilename when
      Filename :: filename_all(),
      Cwd :: filename_all(),
      SafeFilename :: filename_all().

safe_relative_path(Path, "") ->
    safe_relative_path(Path, ".");
safe_relative_path(Path, Cwd) ->
    srp_path(filename:split(Path),
             Cwd,
             sets:new(),
             []).

srp_path([], _Cwd, _Seen, []) ->
    "";
srp_path([], _Cwd, _Seen, Acc) ->
    filename:join(Acc);
srp_path(["."|Segs], Cwd, Seen, Acc) ->
    srp_path(Segs, Cwd, Seen, Acc);
srp_path([<<".">>|Segs], Cwd, Seen, Acc) ->
    srp_path(Segs, Cwd, Seen, Acc);
srp_path([".."|_Segs], _Cwd, _Seen, []) ->
    unsafe;
srp_path([".."|Segs], Cwd, Seen, [_|_]=Acc) ->
    srp_path(Segs, Cwd, Seen, lists:droplast(Acc));
srp_path([<<"..">>|_Segs], _Cwd, _Seen, []) ->
    unsafe;
srp_path([<<"..">>|Segs], Cwd, Seen, [_|_]=Acc) ->
    srp_path(Segs, Cwd, Seen, lists:droplast(Acc));
srp_path([clear|Segs], Cwd, _Seen, Acc) ->
    srp_path(Segs, Cwd, sets:new(), Acc);
srp_path([Seg|_]=Segs, Cwd, Seen, Acc) ->
    case filename:pathtype(Seg) of
        relative ->
            srp_segment(Segs, Cwd, Seen, Acc);
        _ ->
            unsafe
    end.

srp_segment([Seg|Segs], Cwd, Seen, Acc) ->
    Path = filename:join([Cwd|Acc]),
    case file:read_link(filename:join(Path, Seg)) of
        {ok, LinkPath} ->
            srp_link(Path,
                     LinkPath,
                     Segs,
                     Cwd,
                     Seen,
                     Acc);
        {error, _} ->
            srp_path(Segs,
                     Cwd,
                     Seen,
                     Acc++[Seg])
    end.

srp_link(Path, LinkPath, Segs, Cwd, Seen, Acc) ->
    FullLinkPath = filename:join(Path, LinkPath),
    case sets:is_element(FullLinkPath, Seen) of
        true ->
            unsafe;
        false ->
            srp_path(filename:split(LinkPath)++[clear|Segs],
                     Cwd,
                     sets:add_element(FullLinkPath, Seen),
                     Acc)
    end.