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ecrm_150716.owl
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ecrm_150716.owl
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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:ecrm="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/"
xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#"
xmlns:xsp="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/2005/08/07/xsp.owl#"
xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
xmlns:protege="http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#"
xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"
xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
xml:base="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/">
<owl:Ontology rdf:about="">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Changelog: https://github.com/erlangen-crm/ecrm/commits/master</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Erlangen CRM / OWL - An OWL DL 1.0 implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model, based on: Nick Crofts, Martin Doerr, Tony Gill, Stephen Stead, Matthew Stiff (eds.): Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (http://cidoc-crm.org/).
This implementation has been originally created by Bernhard Schiemann, Martin Oischinger and Günther Görz at the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Computer Science, Chair of Computer Science 8 (Artificial Intelligence) in cooperation with the Department of Museum Informatics of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg and the Department of Biodiversity Informatics of the Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Bonn.
The Erlangen CRM / OWL implementation of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Erlangen CRM / OWL</rdfs:label>
<owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>ECRM 150716 / CIDOC-CRM 6.1</owl:versionInfo>
</owl:Ontology>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E51_Contact_Point">
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E51</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P76i_provides_access_to"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E39_Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E41_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E51 Contact Point</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises identifiers employed, or understood, by communication services to direct communications to an instance of E39 Actor. These include E-mail addresses, telephone numbers, post office boxes, Fax numbers, URLs etc. Most postal addresses can be considered both as instances of E44 Place Appellation and E51 Contact Point. In such cases the subclass E45 Address should be used.
URLs are addresses used by machines to access another machine through an http request. Since the accessed machine acts on behalf of the E39 Actor providing the machine, URLs are considered as instances of E51 Contact Point to that E39 Actor.
Examples:
- "+41 22 418 5571"
- "weasel@paveprime.com"</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E17_Type_Assignment">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E17 Type Assignment</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E55_Type"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P42_assigned"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P41_classified"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E13_Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions and concepts.
This class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of "determination", i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology.
Examples:
- the first classification of object GE34604 as Lament Cloth, October 2nd
- the determination of a cactus in Martin Doerr's garden as 'Cereus hildmannianus K.Schumann', July 2003</rdfs:comment>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E17</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E3_Condition_State">
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E3</skos:notation>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E3 Condition State</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E18_Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P44i_is_condition_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E2_Temporal_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the states of objects characterised by a certain condition over a time-span.
An instance of this class describes the prevailing physical condition of any material object or
feature during a specific E52 Time Span. In general, the time-span for which a certain
condition can be asserted may be shorter than the real time-span, for which this condition held.
The nature of that condition can be described using P2 has type. For example, the E3
Condition State "condition of the SS Great Britain between 22 September 1846 and 27 August
1847" can be characterized as E55 Type "wrecked".
Examples:
- the "Amber Room" in Tsarskoje Selo being completely reconstructed from summer 2003 until now
- the Peterhof Palace near Saint Petersburg being in ruins from 1944 – 1946
- the state of my turkey in the oven at 14:30 on 25 December, 2002 (P2 has type: E55 Type "still not cooked")</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E69_Death">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the deaths of human beings.
If a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented using E64 End of Existence.
Examples:
- the murder of Julius Caesar (E69,E7)
- the death of Senator Paul Wellstone</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E69 Death</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E21_Person"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P100_was_death_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E64_End_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E69</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E8_Acquisition">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor.
The class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of right. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe:
1. the beginning of ownership
2. the end of ownership
3. the transfer of ownership
4. the acquisition from an unknown source
5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item
It may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of "accession" differs between institutions. The CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.
Examples:
- the collection of a hammer-head shark of the genus Sphyrna (Carchariniformes) XXXtbc by John Steinbeck and Edward Ricketts at Puerto Escondido in the Gulf of Mexico on March 25th, 1940
- the acquisition of El Greco's "The Apostles Peter and Paul" by the State Hermitage in Saint Petersburg
- the loss of my stuffed chaffinch 'Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758' due to insect damage last year</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E8 Acquisition</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E8</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P24_transferred_title_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E7_Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E44_Place_Appellation">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E41_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises any sort of identifier characteristically used to refer to an E53 Place.
Instances of E44 Place Appellation may vary in their degree of precision and their meaning may vary over time - the same instance of E44 Place Appellation may be used to refer to several places, either because of cultural shifts, or because objects used as reference points have moved around. Instances of E44 Place Appellation can be extremely varied in form: postal addresses, instances of E47 Spatial Coordinate, and parts of buildings can all be considered as instances of E44 Place Appellation.
Examples:
- "Vienna"
- "CH-1211, Genève"
- "Aquae Sulis Minerva"
- "Bath"
- "Cambridge"
- "the Other Place"
- "the City"</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E44 Place Appellation</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E44</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E37_Mark">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E36_Visual_Item"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises symbols, signs, signatures or short texts applied to instances of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing by arbitrary techniques in order to indicate the creator, owner, dedications, purpose, etc.
This class specifically excludes features that have no semantic significance, such as scratches or tool marks. These should be documented as instances of E25 Man-Made Feature.
Examples:
Minoan double axe mark
the copyright sign ©
smileys </rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E37 Mark</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E37</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E85_Joining">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party.
Typical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming employee of a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family and the inauguration of somebody into an official position.
Examples:
- The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament of 1689
- The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985
- The implementation of the membership treaty between EU and Denmark January 1. 1973</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P144_joined_with"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P143_joined"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E7_Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E85 Joining</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E85</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E16_Measurement">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E16 Measurement</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic procedure.
Examples include measuring the monetary value of a collection of coins or the running time of a specific video cassette.
The E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Details of methods and devices are best handled as free text, whereas basic techniques such as "carbon 14 dating" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of:) E55 Type.
Examples:
- measurement of height of silver cup 232 on the 31st August 1997
- the carbon 14 dating of the "Schoeninger Speer II" in 1996 [an about 400.000 years old Palaeolithic complete wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany in 1995]</rdfs:comment>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E16</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P39_measured"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P40_observed_dimension"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E54_Dimension"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E13_Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E90_Symbolic_Object">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E90_Symbolic_Object"/>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:TransitiveProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P106_is_composed_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E72_Legal_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E28_Conceptual_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E90</skos:notation>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E90 Symbolic Object</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units.
It includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content.
An instance of E90 Symbolic Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string.
In some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note allows for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g. "bit", "Latin character", RGB pixel).
Examples:
- 'ecognizabl'
- The "no-smoking" sign (E36)
- "BM000038850.JPG" (E75)
- image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London (E38)
- The distribution of form, tone and colour found on Leonardo da Vinci's painting named "Mona Lisa" in daylight (E38)
- The Italian text of Dante's "Divina Commedia" as found in the authoritative critical edition La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi, Milano: Mondadori, 1966-67 (= Le Opere di Dante Alighieri, Edizione Nazionale a cura della Società Dantesca Italiana, VII, 1-4) (E33)</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E86_Leaving">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P146_separated_from"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:cardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P145_separated"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E7_Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E86</skos:notation>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party.
Typical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.
Examples:
- The end of Sir Isaac Newton's duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702
- George Washington's leaving office in 1797
- The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland’s membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland February 1. 1985</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E86 Leaving</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E93_Spacetime_Snapshot">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E93 Spacetime Snapshot</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E93</skos:notation>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>Scope Note:
This class comprises instances of E92 Spacetime Volume that result from intersection of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume with an instance of E52 Time-Span. The identity of an instance of this class is determined by the identities of the constituing spacetime volume and the time-span.
This class can be used to define temporal snapshots at a particular time-span, such as the extent of the Roman Empire at 33 B.C., or the extent occupied by a museum object at rest in an exhibit. In particular, it can be used to define the spatial projection of a spacetime volume during a particular time-span, such as the maximal spatial extent of a flood at some particular hour, or all areas covered by the Poland
within the 20th century AD.
Examples:</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E92_Spacetime_Volume"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E66_Formation">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E66 Formation</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E7_Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E74_Group"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P95_has_formed"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E63_Beginning_of_Existence"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation or nation.
E66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective.
The formation of an instance of E74 Group does not mean that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.
Examples:
- the formation of the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group
- the formation of the Soviet Union
- the conspiring of the murderers of Caesar</rdfs:comment>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E66</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E55_Type">
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E55</skos:notation>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E55 Type</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CRM classes.
E55 Type is the CRM's interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term). Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.
Examples:
- weight, length, depth [types of E54]
- portrait, sketch, animation [types of E38]
- French, English, German [E56]
- excellent, good, poor [types of E3]
- Ford Model T, chop stick [types of E22]
- cave, doline, scratch [types of E26]
- poem, short story [types of E33]
- wedding, earthquake, skirmish [types of E5]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P135i_was_created_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E28_Conceptual_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E15_Identifier_Assignment">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P37_assigned"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E42_Identifier"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E13_Attribute_Assignment"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure.
Examples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item.
The fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as "preferred identifier assignment", to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment via the P2 has type property.
Examples:
- Replacement of the inventory number TA959a by GE34604 for a 17th century lament cloth at the Museum Benaki, Athens
- Assigning the author-uniform title heading "Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832. Faust. 1. Theil." for a work (E28)
- On June 1, 2001 assigning the personal name heading "Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377" (E42,E82) to Guillaume de Machaut (E21)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E15 Identifier Assignment</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E15</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all persistent physical items that are purposely created by human activity.
This class comprises man-made objects, such as a swords, and man-made features, such as rock art. No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, a "cup and ring" carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Man-Made Thing.
Examples:
- the Forth Railway Bridge (E22)
- the Channel Tunnel (E25)
- the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E71_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P108i_was_produced_by"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E12_Production"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E18_Physical_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E24 Physical Man-Made Thing</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E24</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E33_Linguistic_Object">
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E33</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E73_Information_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P72_has_language"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P73i_is_translation_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages.
Instances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech or sign language. However, the CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object.
The text of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String
Examples:
- the text of the Ellesmere Chaucer manuscript
- the lyrics of the song "Blue Suede Shoes"
- the text of the Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll
- the text of "Doktoro Jekyll kaj Sinjoro Hyde" (an Esperanto translation of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E33 Linguistic Object</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E63_Beginning_of_Existence">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P92_brought_into_existence"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E77_Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E5_Event"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises events that bring into existence any E77 Persistent Item.
It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus post quem and ante quem.
Examples:
- the birth of my child
- the birth of Snoopy, my dog
- the calving of the iceberg that sank the Titanic
- the construction of the Eiffel Tower</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E63 Beginning of Existence</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E63</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E52_Time-Span">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises abstract temporal extents, in the sense of Galilean physics, having a beginning, an end and a duration.
Time Span has no other semantic connotations. Time-Spans are used to define the temporal extent of instances of E4 Period, E5 Event and any other phenomena valid for a certain time. An E52 Time-Span may be identified by one or more instances of E49 Time Appellation.
Since our knowledge of history is imperfect, instances of E52 Time-Span can best be considered as approximations of the actual Time-Spans of temporal entities. The properties of E52 Time-Span are intended to allow these approximations to be expressed precisely. An extreme case of approximation, might, for example, define an E52 Time-Span having unknown beginning, end and duration. Used as a common E52 Time-Span for two events, it would nevertheless define them as being simultaneous, even if nothing else was known.
Automatic processing and querying of instances of E52 Time-Span is facilitated if data can be parsed into an E61 Time Primitive.
Examples:
- 1961
- from 12-17-1993 to 12-8-1996
- 14h30 - 16h22 4th July 1945
- 9.30 am 1.1.1999 to 2.00 pm 1.1.1999
- duration of the Ming Dynasty</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E52 Time-Span</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E52</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E2_Temporal_Entity"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P4i_is_time-span_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P84_had_at_most_duration"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P83_had_at_least_duration"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E1_CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E47_Spatial_Coordinates">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E47 Spatial Coordinates</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the textual or numeric information required to locate specific instances of E53 Place within schemes of spatial identification.
Coordinates are a specific form of E44 Place Appellation, that is, a means of referring to a particular E53 Place. Coordinates are not restricted to longitude, latitude and altitude. Any regular system of reference that maps onto an E19 Physical Object can be used to generate coordinates.
Examples:
- "6°5'29"N 45°12'13"W"
- "Black queen's bishop 4" [chess coordinate].</rdfs:comment>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E47</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E44_Place_Appellation"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E65_Creation">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E65 Creation</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types etc.
Examples:
- the framing of the U.S. Constitution
- the drafting of U.N. resolution 1441</rdfs:comment>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E65</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E7_Activity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E28_Conceptual_Object"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P94_has_created"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E63_Beginning_of_Existence"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E56_Language">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E56 Language</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E56</skos:notation>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts.
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g.: "instances of Mandarin Chinese".
It is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology are used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639:1988.
Examples:
- el [Greek]
- en [English]
- eo [Esperanto]
- es [Spanish]
- fr [French]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E55_Type"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E58_Measurement_Unit">
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E58</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P91i_is_unit_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E54_Dimension"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E55_Type"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc.
This type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g.: "instances of cm".
Système International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible. (ISO 1000:1992). Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.
Examples:
- cm [centrimetre]
- km [kilometre]
- m [meter]
- m/s [meters per second]
- A [Ampere]
- GRD [Greek Drachme]
- C° [degrees centigrade]</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E58 Measurement Unit</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E78_Collection">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E78 Collection</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained ("curated" and "preserved," in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan.
Items may be added or removed from an E78 Collection in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Collection often referred to with the name of the E78 Collection (e.g. "The Wallace Collection decided…").
Collective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Collection. This is because they form wholes either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality.
Examples:
- The John Clayton Herbarium
- the Wallace Collection
- Mikael Heggelund Foslie's coralline red algae Herbarium at Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway</rdfs:comment>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E78</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P109_has_current_or_former_curator"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E39_Actor"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E4_Period">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E4 Period</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P7_took_place_at"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E53_Place"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E2_Temporal_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations bounded in time and space.
It is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal bounds. These bounds are a mere approximation of the actual process of growth, spread and retreat. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area as a sedentary culture.
As the actual extent of an E4 Period in spacetime we regard the trajectories of the participating physical things during their participation in an instance of E4 Period, the open spaces via which they have interacted and the spaces by which they had the potential to interact during that period or event in the
way defined by the type of the respective period or event, such as the air in a meeting room transferring the voices. Since these phenomena are fuzzy, we assume the spatiotemporal extent to be contiguous, except for cases of phenomena spreading out over islands or other separated areas. In these cases, the
trajectories necessary for participants to travel between these areas are not regarded as part of the spatiotemporal extent. Consequently, instances of E4 Period may occupy each a limited number of disjoint spacetime volumes, however there must not be a discontinuity in the total timespan covered by
these spacetime volumes.
Typically this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the "Neolithic Period", the "Ming Dynasty" or the "McCarthy Era", but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. Geopolitical units may be distributed over disconnected areas,
such as islands or colonies. In such cases, the spatiotemporal extent is composed of more than one spacetime volume. One may argue that the activities to govern disconnected areas imply travelling through spaces connecting them and that these areas hence are spatially connected in a way, but it
appears counterintuitive to consider for instance travel routes in international waters as extensions of geopolitical units. Nevertheless, an instance of E4 Period must be contiguous in time. I.e., if it has ended in all areas, it has ended as a whole, but it may involve one area after another, such as the
Polynesian migration, as long as it is ongoing at least in one area.
There are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen
as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore E4 Period is a superclass of E5
Event. For example, a modern clinical E67 Birth can be seen as both an atomic E5 Event and as an E4
Period that consists of multiple activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.
There are two different conceptualisations of 'artistic style', defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, "Impressionism" can be viewed as a period lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.
Another specific case of an E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena associated with a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.
Examples:
- Jurassic
- European Bronze Age
- Italian Renaissance
- Thirty Years War
- Sturm und Drang
- Cubism</rdfs:comment>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E4</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E92_Spacetime_Volume">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E92 Spacetime Volume</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>Scope note:
This class comprises 4 dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime regardless its true geometric form. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, Place and Timespan are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of a spacetime volume is trivially its projection on time.
Examples:
- the spacetime Volume of the Event of Ceasars murder
- the spacetime Volume where and when the carbon 14 dating of the "Schoeninger Speer II" in 1996 took place
- the spatio‐temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Victory from its building to its actual location
- the spacetime volume defined by a polygon approximating the Danube river flood in Austria between 6th and 9th of August 2002</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E1_CRM_Entity"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E92</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E22_Man-Made_Object">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises physical objects purposely created by human activity.
No assumptions are made as to the extent of modification required to justify regarding an object as man-made. For example, an inscribed piece of rock or a preserved butterfly are both regarded as instances of E22 Man-Made Object.
Examples:
- Mallard (the World's fastest steam engine)
- the Portland Vase
- the Coliseum</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E22 Man-Made Object</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E22</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E19_Physical_Object"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E75_Conceptual_Object_Appellation">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all appellations specific to intellectual products or standardized patterns.
This class comprises appellations that are by their form or syntax specific to identifying instances of
E28 Conceptual Object, such as intellectual products, standardized patterns etc.
Examples:
- "ISBN 3-7913-1418-1"
- "ISO 2788-1986 (F)"
- "DOI=10.1109/MIS.2007.103"</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E41_Appellation"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E75</skos:notation>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E75 Conceptual Object Appellation</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E80_Part_Removal">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E18_Physical_Thing"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P113_removed"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P112_diminished"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E24_Physical_Man-Made_Thing"/>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E11_Modification"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E80</skos:notation>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being decreased by the removal of a part.
Typical scenarios include the detachment of an accessory, the removal of a component or part of a composite object, or the deaccessioning of an object from a curated E78 Collection. If the E80 Part Removal results in the total decomposition of the original object into pieces, such that the whole ceases to exist, the activity should instead be modelled as an E81 Transformation, i.e. a simultaneous destruction and production. In cases where the part removed has no discernible identity prior to its removal but does have an identity subsequent to its removal, the activity should be regarded as both E80 Part Removal and E12 Production. This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history, and continuity of identity over time, of objects that are removed from other objects, such as precious gemstones being extracted from different items of jewelry, or cultural artifacts being deaccessioned from different museum collections over their lifespan.
Examples:
- the removal of the engine from my car
- the disposal of object number 1976:234 from the collection</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E80 Part Removal</rdfs:label>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E26_Physical_Feature">
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P56i_is_found_on"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:minCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:minCardinality>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E18_Physical_Thing"/>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E26</skos:notation>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E26 Physical Feature</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects.
Instances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-, two- or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not.
Instances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature.
This definition coincides with the definition of "fiat objects" (Smith & Varzi, 2000, pp.401-420), with the exception of aggregates of "bona fide objects".
Examples:
- the temple in Abu Simbel before its removal, which was carved out of solid rock
- Albrecht Duerer's signature on his painting of Charles the Great
- the damage to the nose of the Great Sphinx in Giza
- Michael Jackson's nose prior to plastic surgery</rdfs:comment>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E84_Information_Carrier">
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E84</skos:notation>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E84 Information Carrier</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all instances of E22 Man-Made Object that are explicitly designed to act as persistent physical carriers for instances of E73 Information Object.
An E84 Information Carrier may or may not contain information, e.g., a diskette. Note that any E18 Physical Thing may carry information, such as an E34 Inscription. However, unless it was specifically designed for this purpose, it is not an Information Carrier. Therefore the property P128 carries (is carried by) applies to E18 Physical Thing in general.
Examples:
- the Rosetta Stone
- my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment
- the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E22_Man-Made_Object"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E5_Event">
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises changes of states in cultural, social or physical systems, regardless of scale, brought about by a series or group of coherent physical, cultural, technological or legal phenomena. Such changes of state will affect instances of E77 Persistent Item or its subclasses.
The distinction between an E5 Event and an E4 Period is partly a question of the scale of observation. Viewed at a coarse level of detail, an E5 Event is an 'instantaneous' change of state. At a fine level, the E5 Event can be analysed into its component phenomena within a space and time frame, and as such can be seen as an E4 Period. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy change of state.
Examples:
- the birth of Cleopatra (E67)
- the destruction of Herculaneum by volcanic eruption in 79 AD (E6)
- World War II (E7)
- the Battle of Stalingrad (E7)
- the Yalta Conference (E7)
- my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 (E7)
- the falling of a tile from my roof last Sunday
- the CIDOC Conference 2003 (E7)</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E5 Event</rdfs:label>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E5</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E77_Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P12_occurred_in_the_presence_of"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E4_Period"/>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E1_CRM_Entity">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E1 CRM Entity</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:maxCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger"
>1</owl:maxCardinality>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P48_has_preferred_identifier"/>
</owl:onProperty>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model.
It is an abstract concept providing for three general properties:
1. Identification by name or appellation, and in particular by a preferred identifier
2. Classification by type, allowing further refinement of the specific subclass an instance belongs to
3. Attachment of free text for the expression of anything not captured by formal properties
With the exception of E59 Primitive Value, all other classes within the CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity.
Examples:
- the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5)</rdfs:comment>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E1</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E64_End_of_Existence">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">E64 End of Existence</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises events that end the existence of any E77 Persistent Item.
It may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook for determination of a terminus postquem and antequem. In cases where substance from a Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented by E81 Transformation.
Examples:
- the death of Snoopy, my dog
- the melting of the snowman
- the burning of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesos by Herostratos in 356BC</rdfs:comment>
<rdfs:subClassOf>
<owl:Restriction>
<owl:onProperty>
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/P93_took_out_of_existence"/>
</owl:onProperty>
<owl:someValuesFrom>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E77_Persistent_Item"/>
</owl:someValuesFrom>
</owl:Restriction>
</rdfs:subClassOf>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E5_Event"/>
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E64</skos:notation>
</owl:Class>
<owl:Class rdf:about="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E41_Appellation">
<skos:notation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
>E41</skos:notation>
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://erlangen-crm.org/150716/E90_Symbolic_Object"/>
<rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">Scope note:
This class comprises signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class or category within a certain context.
Instances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but instead by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e., other instances of E41 Appellation that are always regarded as equivalent independent from the thing it denotes.
Specific subclasses of E41 Appellation should be used when instances of E41 Appellation of a characteristic form are used for particular objects. Instances of E49 Time Appellation, for example, which take the form of instances of E50 Date, can be easily recognised.
E41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment
Examples:
- "Martin"
- "the Forth Bridge"
- "the Merchant of Venice" (E35)
- "Spigelia marilandica (L.) L." [not the species, just the name]
- "information science" [not the science itself, but the name through which we refer to it in an English-speaking context]
- “安” [Chinese "an", meaning "peace"]</rdfs:comment>