Add support for more EZO sensor commands

[thomasdelaet]

What does this implement/fix?

Add support for calibrating EZO probes and for setting probe type (relevant for EC probe). Calibration can happen using a single value or multi-point calibration (support varies across probe types)

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Configuration change (this will require users to update their yaml configuration files to keep working)

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP8266
• Windows
• Mac OS
• Linux

Explain your changes

There have been various debates to support more commands (specifically calibration) on these sensors since this needs to happen every couple of months. Currently support for EZO commands was limited to temperature compensation. This PR adds support for:

• Setting the probe type (relevant for EC probes)
• Single-point calibration
• Multi-point calibration

Note that this is my first time writing C++ code. So happy to get feedback.

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @ssieb, mind taking a look at this pull request as its been labeled with an integration (ezo) you are listed as a codeowner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}

[OttoWinter]

Friendly ping @ssieb - can you take a look at this? :)

Code LGTM 👍

[ssieb]

Please change this to an enum and move it to the .h file.

[ssieb]

Add descriptions of the new methods to the doc page.

[auredor]

Add descriptions of the new methods to the doc page.

@ssieb Thank you for the improvement. Any commitment on when the documentation will be updated. ?

[github-actions]

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