Add support for ESP32 CAM 3MP and 5MP resolutions and arbitrary camera clock.

[peterhalicky]

What does this implement/fix?

Add support for ESP32 CAM resolutions for 3MP and 5MP sensors (OV5640 for example). Also support (almost) arbitrary camera clock, some cameras/ESP chips need slightly lower clock than 20MHz to avoid image corruption.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#2759

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040

Example entry for config.yaml:

esp32_camera:
  name: cam1
  external_clock:
    pin: GPIO32
    frequency: 18MHz
  i2c_pins:
    sda: GPIO22
    scl: GPIO23
  data_pins: [GPIO14, GPIO2, GPIO15, GPIO12, GPIO27, GPIO25, GPIO33, GPIO39]
  vsync_pin: GPIO5
  href_pin: GPIO37
  pixel_clock_pin: GPIO26
  reset_pin: GPIO18
  resolution: FHD
  jpeg_quality: 10
  horizontal_mirror: false
  vertical_flip: true

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[jesserockz]

Changes LGTM. Thanks.