Add actions to animation

[guillempages]

What does this implement/fix?

Add actions to be able to easily change the current frame to the animation component.
Instead of needing to use a lambda and c++ code, allow a simple yaml action to switch to the next or previous frame, or to set a specific frame.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): N/A

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#3001

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040

Example entry for config.yaml:

animation:
  - id: fire
    file: fire.gif

interval:
  - interval: 200ms
    then:
       - animation.next_frame: fire
# Alternative 1:
#       - animation.prev_frame: fire
# Alternative 2:
#       - animation.set_frame:
#          - id: fire
#            frame: 5
       - component.update: disp

display:
  - platform: <xyz>
     id: disp
     lambda: |-
       it.image(0, 0, id(fire));

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @Syndlex, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (animation) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}