display: add BaseFont and introduce Font::draw methods

[ayufan]

What does this implement/fix?

• optimise font rendering by about 25%
• add BaseFont and introduce Font::draw methods
• move BaseFont, BaseImage and COLOR_* to displaybuffer.h to make image/font only depend on displaybuffer, but not other way around

This does not change the performance of Font.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change: includes required
• Other: refactor

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32S3
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @synco, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (graph) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
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