Update RP2040 Aruino framwork and platform to latest

[HeMan]

What does this implement/fix?

Update RP2040 Arduino framework to 3.3.0 and Arduino platform to 1.9.0

Arduino platform changelogs:

• 1.8.0
• 1.9.0

Arduino framework changelogs:

• 2.7.0
• 3.0.0
• 3.1.0
• 3.2.0
• 3.3.0

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @jesserockz, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (rp2040) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}