Improve dualstack and IPv6 support

[HeMan]

What does this implement/fix?

Makes ESPHome work better with IPv6 by adding a datatype for multiple IP addresses. This adds support for reporting all addresses it got, via wifi_info/ethernet_info text-sensors, via MQTT and as part of debug message.
It makes MQTT resolve both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses, and connects over IPv6 (as well as over IPv4 as before).
Breaks external components that assumes ESPHome only has one IP address.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes
esphome/issues#5126

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#3234

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP32 Ethernet
• ESP8266
• RP2040

Example entry for config.yaml:

esphome:
  name: ipv6mqtt

network:
  enable_ipv6: true

esp32:
  board: esp32dev
  framework:
    type: esp-idf

wifi:
  ssid: !secret wifissd
  password: !secret wifipwd

sensor:
  - platform: wifi_signal
    name: "WiFi Signal Sensor"
    update_interval: 60s

text_sensor:
  - platform: wifi_info
    ip_address:
      name: ESP IP Address
      address_0:
        name: ESP IP Address 0
      address_1:
        name: ESP IP Address 1
      address_2:
        name: ESP IP Address 2
      address_3:
        name: ESP IP Adress 3

debug:

logger:
  level: VERY_VERBOSE

web_server:
  port: 80

api:

ota:

mqtt:
  broker: mqtt6.example.com
  discovery: true

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 53.81%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (2c1b98e).
Report is 28 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #5449      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   53.70%   53.81%   +0.10%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9438      +30     
  Branches     1654     1660       +6     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5079      +26     
+ Misses       4056     4052       -4     
- Partials      299      307       +8     

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[probot-esphome]

Hey there @OttoWinter, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (async_tcp) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}

[HeMan]

Libretiny depends on esphome/AsyncTCP#9

[jesserockz]

This almost looks good, just a couple of missing things 😉

[HeMan]

This almost looks good, just a couple of missing things 😉

Fixed! Found an unused variable as well.