Add support for Waveshare 2.13" V2 display

[manuelkasper]

What does this implement/fix?

Adds support for Waveshare e-Paper 2.13" V2 displays (also referred to as B72 in some libraries) as a new 2.13inv2 model. It is based on the EPD_2in13_V2 code from Waveshare. I have tested this change with the 2.13" e-Paper Cloud Module, which incorporates this display along with an ESP32.

While this display type already sort-of worked with the 2.13in-ttgo model configuration (which uses the same LUT), partial updates were unusable, and the image faded when using the Deep Sleep component (see also esphome/feature-requests#1779).

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes esphome/feature-requests#1779

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#3669

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example with pins configured for Waveshare 2.13" e-Paper Cloud Module
spi:
  clk_pin: 13
  mosi_pin: 14

display:
  - platform: waveshare_epaper
    model: 2.13inv2
    id: epaper_display
    cs_pin: 15
    dc_pin: 27
    busy_pin: 25
    reset_pin: 26

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 53.47%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (b49825e).
Report is 82 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #6337      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   53.70%   53.47%   -0.24%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9515     +107     
  Branches     1654     1677      +23     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5088      +35     
- Misses       4056     4123      +67     
- Partials      299      304       +5     

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[probot-esphome]

Hey there @clydebarrow, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (waveshare_epaper) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
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[esphome]

Please take a look at the requested changes, and use the Ready for review button when you are done, thanks 👍

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[clydebarrow]

LGTM