SPI: Make some validation failures give more useful messages.

[clydebarrow]

What does this implement/fix?

For example, specifying data_pins without type: quad used to say:

  [data_pins] is an invalid option for [spi]. Please check the indentation.

Now it says:

  'data_pins' should be used with 'type: quad' only.

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#

Test Environment

• ESP32
• ESP32 IDF
• ESP8266
• RP2040
• BK72xx
• RTL87xx

Example entry for config.yaml:

# Example config.yaml

Checklist:

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.
  choice is handled by a typed schema

[probot-esphome]

Hey there @esphome/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (spi) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks!
_{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 53.49%. Comparing base (4d8b5ed) to head (d56f334).
Report is 244 commits behind head on dev.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #6413      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   53.70%   53.49%   -0.22%     
==========================================
  Files          50       50              
  Lines        9408     9520     +112     
  Branches     1654     1684      +30     
==========================================
+ Hits         5053     5093      +40     
- Misses       4056     4119      +63     
- Partials      299      308       +9     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[jesserockz]

Nice